Batı Karadeniz bölgesi tomruk depolarında zarar yapan mantar türleri ve zarar tipleri
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2017
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Düzce Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Odun zararlısı mantarlar teknik ve ekonomik anlamda ahşap malzemeye zarar vermektedir. Bu tür kayıpların önlenmesi açısından odun zararlısı mantarlar ile mücadele edilmelidir. Mücadelenin etkili bir biçimde yapılabilmesi için mantar türünün tespit edilmesi, zarar türünün belirlenmesi ve mantar türüne uygun önlemlerin alınması gerekmektedir. Böylece, odunda zarar yapan mantarlar ile kısmen veya tamamen mücadele edilebilmektedir. Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi'ndeki illerimizde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde çalışma yaptığımız illerimiz; Bartın, Bolu, Düzce, Karabük, Kastamonu ve Zonguldak'tır. Bu iller Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi'ndeki 16 ayrı tomruk deposu seçilerek gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tomruk depolarının seçiminde orman işletmelerin yıllık üretim kapasiteleri göz önüne alınarak kapasitesi yüksek olan işletmeler seçilmiştir. Çalışmanın gerçekleştirilebilmesi için seçilen ağaç malzeme tomruk halindeki odunlar ile beklemiş müsadereli emvallerdir. Tomruk ve müsadereli emvallerden toplanacak olan odun zararlısı mantar türleri periyodid olarak toplanmış, makroskopik ve mikroskopik yöntemlerle teşhis edilmiştir. Mantar türlerinin resimleri emval üzerinde iken çekilmiş ve karışmayı, bozulmayı engelleyecek şekilde özel kutular içerisinde muhafaza edilmiştir. Mantar türlerinin teşhisi ve değerlendirilmesi Konya Selçuk Üniversitesi Mantarcılık Uygulama ve Araştırma Müdürlüğü tarafından yapılmıştır. Emvallerden alınan mantar türlerinin toplanıp incelenmesi 2016 Şubat-Ekim ayları arasında yapılmış ve 8 defa arazi çalışmasında bulunulmuştur. Yapılan çalışmalar doğrultusunda; Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi'nde bulunan tomruk depolarında 20 farklı familya tespit edilmiştir. Familyalara ait 33 farklı cins ve toplamda 48 farklı tür tespit edilmiştir. Tespit edilen mantar türleri yöre olarak; Düzce yöresinde 34, Bolu yöresinde 13, Zonguldak yöresinde 6, Bartın yöresinde 14, Karabük yöresinde 6 ve Kastamonu yöresinde 12 farklı mantar tespit edilmiştir. Düzce yöresi mantar türü bakımından yoğun olarak bulunan bölge olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tüm bölgedebulunan mantar türlerinin %55'i Polyoraceae familyasına ait olduğu görülmüştür. Yaklaşık olarak her ilde bulunan mantar türleri Cerioporus meridionalis, Trametes hirsuta, Trametes versicolor, Schizophyllum commune ve Stereum hirsutum olarak tespit edilmektedir. Trametes hirsuta, Trametes versicolor türleri bütün ağaç türlerinde tespit edilmiştir. Ağaç kayın ağacı olduğu saptanmıştır. Antrodia crass ve Amyloporia sinuosa türlerinin Türkiye için yeni bir kayıt olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sahalarından elde edilen bulgular ışığında, laboratuvar ortamında gerçekleştirilen doğal dayanıklılık testlerinde 4 ağaç türü olmak üzere meşe, kayın, göknar, sarıçam ağaç türleri kullanılmıştır vekayın odununun en fazla ağırlık kaybı veren ağaç türü olduğu görülmüştür. En yüksek ağırlık kaybına neden olan mantar türü ise Trametes versicolor olarak belirlenmiştir. Mantar türlerinin 3 aylık ve 4 aylık tahribat sürelerinde yaptıkları ağırlık kayıpları arasında istatistiki olarak önemli sayılabilecek anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Anahtar sözcükler: Batı Karadeniz bölgesi, Odun zararlısı mantarlar, Tomruk depoları.
Wood-destroying mushrooms harm wooden parts technically and financially. For the purpose of avoiding such loss, it is necessary to fight wood-destroying mushrooms. For the fight to be effective, it is vital to identify the type of the mushroom and the harm that it gives, and to take measures appropriate for the type. Thus, it is possible to fight against the mushrooms harming wood to some or full extent. This study intends to identify the types of mushrooms harming wood in log warehouses located in the Western Black Sea region and to find out the damage that the harmful types cause to the wooden parts having industrial importance. The study was carried out in Bartın, Bolu, Düzce, Karabük, Kastamonu and Zonguldak, the provinces located in the Western Black Sea region. 16 log warehouses in the Western Black Sea region were chosen for the study. The selection of the log warehouses was made regarding the annual production capacity and the ones with the highest capacity were selected. The wooden parts chosen for the study were the woods in logs and the seized products. The harmful types of mushrooms were taken using microscopic and macroscopic metod and the type was identified through a special kind of method. The pictures of the types of mushrooms were taken while they were still on the materials and they were kept in special boxes avoiding any intermingling or deterioration. The identification and evaluation of the types of the mushrooms were made by Mushrooms Application and Research Directorate, Konya Selçuk University. The actions of picking and studying the types of the mushrooms taken were carried out between February and October in 2016, and 8 field trips were made. With the help of the studies, 20 different families were detected in log warehouses in the Western Black Sea region. 33 different kinds and totally 48 different types belonging to the families were identified. Different types of mushrooms detected were 34 in Düzce, 13 in Bolu, 6 in Zonguldak, 14 in Bartın, 6 in Karabük and 12 in Kastamonu. It was found out that there were different types of mushrooms in Düzce. The study revealed that 55 percent of the types of mushrooms in the region were the ones belonging to Polyoraceae family. Moreover, it was discovered that Cerioporus meridionalis, Trametes hirsuta, Trametes versicolor, Schizophyllum commune and Stereum hirsutum were available nearly in each province. Trametes hirsuta and Trametes versicolor types were found in all types of wood. It was also seen that the type of wood having the most type varieties was beech tree. Antrodia crassa andAmyloporia sinuosathey were discovered to be a new record for Turkey.As a result of the field studies and the natural durability tests performed in the laboratory, the greatest weight loss was observed in beech wood. Trametes versicolor was determined to be the fungus species causing the highest amount of weight loss. Statistically significant differences in weight loss were found between the 3-month and the 4-month fungal exposure periods.
Wood-destroying mushrooms harm wooden parts technically and financially. For the purpose of avoiding such loss, it is necessary to fight wood-destroying mushrooms. For the fight to be effective, it is vital to identify the type of the mushroom and the harm that it gives, and to take measures appropriate for the type. Thus, it is possible to fight against the mushrooms harming wood to some or full extent. This study intends to identify the types of mushrooms harming wood in log warehouses located in the Western Black Sea region and to find out the damage that the harmful types cause to the wooden parts having industrial importance. The study was carried out in Bartın, Bolu, Düzce, Karabük, Kastamonu and Zonguldak, the provinces located in the Western Black Sea region. 16 log warehouses in the Western Black Sea region were chosen for the study. The selection of the log warehouses was made regarding the annual production capacity and the ones with the highest capacity were selected. The wooden parts chosen for the study were the woods in logs and the seized products. The harmful types of mushrooms were taken using microscopic and macroscopic metod and the type was identified through a special kind of method. The pictures of the types of mushrooms were taken while they were still on the materials and they were kept in special boxes avoiding any intermingling or deterioration. The identification and evaluation of the types of the mushrooms were made by Mushrooms Application and Research Directorate, Konya Selçuk University. The actions of picking and studying the types of the mushrooms taken were carried out between February and October in 2016, and 8 field trips were made. With the help of the studies, 20 different families were detected in log warehouses in the Western Black Sea region. 33 different kinds and totally 48 different types belonging to the families were identified. Different types of mushrooms detected were 34 in Düzce, 13 in Bolu, 6 in Zonguldak, 14 in Bartın, 6 in Karabük and 12 in Kastamonu. It was found out that there were different types of mushrooms in Düzce. The study revealed that 55 percent of the types of mushrooms in the region were the ones belonging to Polyoraceae family. Moreover, it was discovered that Cerioporus meridionalis, Trametes hirsuta, Trametes versicolor, Schizophyllum commune and Stereum hirsutum were available nearly in each province. Trametes hirsuta and Trametes versicolor types were found in all types of wood. It was also seen that the type of wood having the most type varieties was beech tree. Antrodia crassa andAmyloporia sinuosathey were discovered to be a new record for Turkey.As a result of the field studies and the natural durability tests performed in the laboratory, the greatest weight loss was observed in beech wood. Trametes versicolor was determined to be the fungus species causing the highest amount of weight loss. Statistically significant differences in weight loss were found between the 3-month and the 4-month fungal exposure periods.
Açıklama
YÖK Tez No: 488053
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ormancılık ve Orman Mühendisliği, Forestry and Forest Engineering, Log storages, Western Black Sea region, Wood destrying fungi
