Türk dilinde ikincil kelimelerin ekleşmesi
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Düzce Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Diller yapılarına göre sınıflandırıldığında Türkçe, eklemeli dil grubuna girer. Eklemeli diller içerisinde ise sondan eklemeli bir dildir. Türk dilinde ekler genel olarak çekim eki ve yapım eki olarak ikiye ayrılır. Tüm eklerin bir vazifesi, işlevi vardır. Bu eklerin anlamını, görevini, kökenini, değişimini ve işlevini incelemek aslında tüm Türk dilini incelemek demek olduğundan oldukça önemlidir. Eklerin oluşumu genel itibariyle üç yol ile olur. İlk yol iki ekin birleşerek tek ek haline gelmesidir. İkinci yol ise ekin tek ortak kaynaktan gelmesidir. Diller arasında çeşitli kelime veya ek alışverişi yapıldığı bilinen bir durumdur. Üçüncü yol ise daha önceden bağımsız bir sözcük olarak ayrı kullanılan kelimelerin belli veya belirsiz sebeplerle zamanla ek haline gelmesidir. İşte araştırmanın ana amacı daha önce bağımsız bir kelime iken çeşitli sebeplerle ek haline dönüşen edatları, yardımcı fiilleri, isimleri, zamirleri, kalıplaşmış ibareleri vs. tespit edip tarihi ve çağdaş metinlerdeki biçimini, kullanımını örnekleri ile birlikte vermektir. Bu ikincil kelimeler hangi lehçelerde ekleşmiş hangi lehçelerde bağımsız bir kelime olarak kullanılmaya devam etmektedir sorusuna karşılaştırmalı bir cevap sunmak amaçlanmıştır. Tarihi lehçelere ve çağdaş Türk lehçelerine ve bunların ağızlarına dair çok fazla fonetik, morfolojik, etimolojik, sentaks ve semantik çalışmalar yapılmışsa da morfoetimoloji çalışmalarına pek değinilmemiştir. Bu yüzden literatürde bu alanda eksiklikler bulunmaktadır. Çalışma ile ikincil kelimelerden oluşan eklerin kökenine değinerek bu alandaki eksiklik az da olsa giderilmeye çalışılacaktır. Çalışmada ilk önce ekleşen ikincil kelimeler tespit edilmiştir. Tespit edilen bu kelimeler kendi içinde sınıflandırılmıştır. Öncelikle sınıflandırılan kelimelerin etimolojisi hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Bu kelimelerin tarihi lehçelerdeki biçimleri örnekleri ile birlikte verildikten sonra çağdaş lehçelerdeki biçimlerine ve örneklerine de yer verilmiştir. Her kelime bu şekilde incelendikten sonra bir tablo verilerek kelimenin kullanıldığı tarihi ve çağdaş lehçeleri, tarihi ve çağdaş lehçelerde geçirdiği ses değişikliklerini gösteren biçimlerini ve bu kelimenin hangi tarihi ve çağdaş lehçelerde ekleşip ekleşmediğini karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde göstermek amaçlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak 31 tane yardımcı fiilin, 21 tane edatın, 5 tane zamirin, 2 tane kalıplaşmış ifadenin, 10 tane ismin zamanla ekleşerek tamamen ek görevi gördüğü tespit edilmiştir.
When languages are examined according to their structures, Turkish is included in the agglutinative language group. Among agglutinative languages, it is an agglutinative language. In Turkish, suffixes are generally divided into two as inflectional suffixes and constructive suffixes. All attachments have a task, they have a function. It is very important to examine the meaning, function, origin, change and function of these suffixes, since it actually means to examine the entire Turkish language. The formation of affixes generally occurs in three ways. The first way is to combine two affixes and become one. The second way is that the supplement comes from a single common source. It is a known situation that various words or suffixes are exchanged between languages. The third way is that separate words, which were previously independent words, become affixes for obvious or indefinite reasons. The main purpose of the research is to examine prepositions, auxiliary verbs, nouns, pronouns, stereotypes, etc. to identify and present its form and usage in historical and contemporary texts with examples. It is aimed to provide a comparative answer to the question of which dialects these secondary words have been added to and continue to be used as an independent word in which dialects. Although many phonetic, morphological, etymological, syntax and semantic studies have been carried out on historical and contemporary Turkish dialects and dialects, morphoetymology studies have not been given much weight. Therefore, there are deficiencies in the literature in this area. In our study, the deficiencies in this field will be tried to be eliminated, albeit a little, by referring to the origin of the suffixes consisting of secondary words. In our study, secondary words that were added first were determined. These identified words were classified within themselves. First of all, information about the etymology of the classified words is given. After giving examples of the forms of these words in historical dialects, their forms and examples in contemporary dialects are also given. After examining each word in this way, a table is given. It is aimed to show comparatively the historical and contemporary dialects in which the word is used, its forms showing the sound changes in historical and contemporary dialects, and in which historical and contemporary dialects this word is added or not. As a result, it has been determined that 31 auxiliary verbs, 21 prepositions, 5 pronouns, 2 stereotypes, and 10 nouns add up over time and serve as additional ones.
When languages are examined according to their structures, Turkish is included in the agglutinative language group. Among agglutinative languages, it is an agglutinative language. In Turkish, suffixes are generally divided into two as inflectional suffixes and constructive suffixes. All attachments have a task, they have a function. It is very important to examine the meaning, function, origin, change and function of these suffixes, since it actually means to examine the entire Turkish language. The formation of affixes generally occurs in three ways. The first way is to combine two affixes and become one. The second way is that the supplement comes from a single common source. It is a known situation that various words or suffixes are exchanged between languages. The third way is that separate words, which were previously independent words, become affixes for obvious or indefinite reasons. The main purpose of the research is to examine prepositions, auxiliary verbs, nouns, pronouns, stereotypes, etc. to identify and present its form and usage in historical and contemporary texts with examples. It is aimed to provide a comparative answer to the question of which dialects these secondary words have been added to and continue to be used as an independent word in which dialects. Although many phonetic, morphological, etymological, syntax and semantic studies have been carried out on historical and contemporary Turkish dialects and dialects, morphoetymology studies have not been given much weight. Therefore, there are deficiencies in the literature in this area. In our study, the deficiencies in this field will be tried to be eliminated, albeit a little, by referring to the origin of the suffixes consisting of secondary words. In our study, secondary words that were added first were determined. These identified words were classified within themselves. First of all, information about the etymology of the classified words is given. After giving examples of the forms of these words in historical dialects, their forms and examples in contemporary dialects are also given. After examining each word in this way, a table is given. It is aimed to show comparatively the historical and contemporary dialects in which the word is used, its forms showing the sound changes in historical and contemporary dialects, and in which historical and contemporary dialects this word is added or not. As a result, it has been determined that 31 auxiliary verbs, 21 prepositions, 5 pronouns, 2 stereotypes, and 10 nouns add up over time and serve as additional ones.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı, Turkish Language and Literature
