TNSA 2018 verilerine göre Türkiye'de yaşayan suriyeli göçmen ve Türk çocuklarda ihmal ile ilişkili durumların değerlendirilmesi
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2025
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Düzce Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Amaç: Çok sayıda ülke tarafından kullanılan standart yöntem ile elde edilmiş veriler üzerinden Türkiye'de yaşayan Suriyeli göçmen ve Türk çocuklarda, çocuğa kötü muamele çeşidi olan ihmal maruziyetini ve maruz kaldıkları ihmal türlerini ve ilişkili faktörleri değerlendirmektir. Böylece çocuk ihmalinin ülkemizdeki durumu hakkında bir tablo çizmek, diğer ülkelerle kıyaslanabilecek nitelikte tespitler yaparak ihmal konusunda yapılabilecek çalışmalara katkıda bulunmak, ülkemizde çocuk ihmaliyle ilişkili olan durumların belirlenmesine dolayısıyla alınacak önlemlere ışık tutmak, çocuk ihmalinin önlenmesi açısından multidisipliner yaklaşımın gerekliliğini vurgulamak amaçlanmaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü (HÜNEE)'nin onayı alınarak, 2018 Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması kapsamında Ekim 2018 - Şubat 2019 tarihleri arasında yapılan araştırmaya dahil edilmiş 15-49 yaş arasındaki kadınlardan, 0-5 yaş arası çocuğu bulunan 2032 Türk ve 1191 Suriyeli göçmen çocuk hakkındaki veri kullanılmıştır. Bağımsız ve bağımlı değişkenler üzerinden tanımlayıcı ve ileri istatistiksel analiz yapılmış olup kategorik değişkenlerin karşılaştırılması amacıyla Pearson ki-kare ve Fisher Kesinlik Testi uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca, çocuk ihmali ile bağımsız değişkenler arasındaki ilişki incelenmek üzere, farklı özellikleri dikkate alan 3 model ile lojistik regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Türkiye'de yaşayan çocuklarda, türünden bağımsız olarak, Suriyeli göçmen çocukların Türk çocuklara göre daha yüksek oranda ihmale maruz kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. İhmal maruziyet sıklıkları Türk çocuklarda %29,7 ve Suriyeli göçmen çocuklarda %66,1 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Her iki grupta da en yüksek oranda maruz kalınan ihmal türünün eğitim ihmali olduğu, en düşük oranda maruz kalınan ihmal türünün ise sosyal destek ihmali olduğu saptanmıştır. Çocukların ihmal maruziyetlerini etkileyen sosyodemografik özelliklerin her iki grupta farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Türk çocuklarda hanehalkı özelliklerinin tüm değişkenleri ile ihmal maruziyetinde etken olduğu, Suriyeli göçmen çocuklarda ise yalnızca kardeş sayısının etkisi istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Ebeveyn özellikleri açısından hem anne yaşının 19-35 arasında olması ve anne-baba eğitim düzeylerinin düşük olması her iki grupta da anlamlı etken olduğu görülmüştür. Baba yaşının genç olması Suriyeli göçmen çocuklar için, annenin çalışmaması ise Türk çocuklar için anlamlı bir etken faktör olarak saptanmıştır. Her iki grupta da daha küçük yaşlardaki çocukların ihmal maruziyetlerinin daha yüksek oranda olduğu, çocuğun cinsiyetinin ise ihmal maruziyetinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olmadığı saptanmıştır. Bulgularımıza göre ihmal maruziyetini en çok artıran değişkenlerin Türk çocuklarda refah seviyesi (8 kat) iken Suriyeli göçmen çocuklarda anne eğitim düzeyi (3 kat) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kalabalık evde veya kırsal alanda yaşamak, planlanmamış gebelik gibi değişkenlerin etkileri gruplar arası farklılık göstermiştir. Çalışmamızda, iii literatürle uyumlu olarak, ihmal maruziyeti saptanan çocuklarda erken çocukluk gelişiminin de daha düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tartışma ve Sonuç: Çocuk ihmali, çocuğa kötü muamelenin tüm dünyada en yaygın görülen ve hem bireyi hem toplumları tehdit eden bir problemdir. Çocukluk dönemi maruz kalınan ihmal çocukta bedensel, ruhsal, davranışsal pek çok kalıcı hasara neden olmakta en ağır form olarak ölümle sonuçlanabilmektedir. Çocukluğunda ihmale maruz kalmış bireylerde şiddete yatkınlık, yasadışı madde kullanımı vb. adli boyutu olan sonuçlara neden olmaktadır. Literatürle uyumlu şekilde, çalışmamızda da; düşük refah düzeyi, ebeveynlerin düşük eğitim düzeyi, kalabalık ve standart dışı yaşam koşulları gibi durumların çocuk ihmalini artıran risk faktörleri olduğu tespit edilmiştir Erken dönemde tespiti ile sonuçları önlenebilen bir durum olduğu bildirilen çocuk ihmali, sosyal yönü yanısıra multidisipliner yaklaşımla ele alınması gereken çok boyutlu bir sağlık problemidir. Çocuk ihmalinin bireysel ve toplumsal sonuçları ile ülkemizdeki göçmen nüfus yoğunluğu ve göçmen nüfusta çocuk ihmalinin yaygınlığı bir arada düşünüldüğünde problemin ciddiyetle ele alınması gerektiği anlaşılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte bu alana yakın zamana kadar gereken ilgi gösterilmemiş, çocuk ihmali "ihmal edilen bir alan" olarak kalmıştır. Günümüzde çocuk ihmali uluslararası kuruluşlar ve hükümetler tarafından da dikkat çekilen bir konu olmakla birlikte tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de bu alanda bilimsel açıdan da kapatılması gereken büyük bir boşluk bulunmaktadır. Çalışmamız, ülke geneli temsil gücü bulunan hem Türk hem de Suriyeli göçmen örneklemlerden elde edilen veriler kullanılarak yapılmış olması ve kullanılan verilerin 100'e yakın ülkede kullanılan standart yöntemlerle elde edilmiş olmasıyla diğer ülkelerle kıyaslanabilirliği açısından önem arz etmektedir.
Purpose: This study aimed to estimate was to provide an estimate of the prevalence of neglect, a subtype of child maltreatment, and to evaluate the types of child neglect and associated factors among Syrian migrant and Turkish children live in Turkey based on data which is obtained by using standardized methods employed in numerous countries. Thus, it is aimed to draw a picture about the situation of child neglect in our country, to contribute to the studies on neglect by making determinations that can be compared with other countries, to shed light on the determination of the situations related to child neglect in our country and therefore the measures to be taken, and to emphasize the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach in terms of preventing child neglect. Materials and Methods: In our study, with the approval of Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies (HUIPS), we used data on 2032 Turkish and 1191 Syrian migrant children aged 0-5 years among women aged 15-49 years who were included in the survey conducted between October 2018 and February 2019 as part of the 2018 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey. Descriptive and advanced statistical analysis was performed on independent and dependent variables, and Pearson chi-square and Fisher's exact test were applied to compare categorical variables. In addition, in order to examine the relationship between child neglect and independent variables, logistic regression analysis was performed with 3 models taking into account different characteristics. Results: Among children living in Turkey, Syrian migrant children were found to be exposed to neglect at a higher rate than Turkish children, regardless of the type. The frequency of exposure to neglect was 29.7% among Turkish children and 66.1% among Syrian migrant children. In both groups, the highest rate of neglect exposure was found to be educational neglect and the lowest rate of neglect exposure was found to be social support neglect. Sociodemographic characteristics affecting children's exposure to neglect were found to differ in both groups. In Turkish children, household characteristics were found to be a factor in exposure to neglect with all variables, while in Syrian immigrant children, only the effect of the number of siblings was found to be statistically significant. In terms of parental characteristics, the age of the mother between 19-35 years and the low level of parental education were found to be significant factors in both groups. A young father's age was found to be a significant factor for Syrian immigrant children, while the mother's not working was found to be a significant factor for Turkish children. In both groups, it was found that younger children were more likely to be exposed to neglect and the gender of the child did not have a significant effect on exposure to neglect. According to our findings, the variables that increased the exposure to neglect the most were found to be the level of wealth (8 times) in Turkish children and the level of mother's education (3 times) in Syrian immigrant children. The effects of variables such as living in crowded houses or rural areas and unplanned v pregnancy differed between groups. In our study, in line with the literature, early childhood development was also found to be lower in children with exposure to neglect. Discussion and Conclusion: Child neglect is the most common form of child maltreatment worldwide and is a problem that threatens both individuals and societies. Childhood neglect causes many permanent physical, psychological and behavioral damages in children and may result in death as the most severe form. Individuals who have been exposed to neglect in childhood are prone to violence, illegal substance use, etc. It causes forensic consequences. In line with the literature, in our study, low welfare level, low education level of parents, crowded and nonstandard living conditions were found to be risk factors that increase child neglect Child neglect, which is reported to be a condition whose consequences can be prevented with early detection, is a multidimensional health problem that should be addressed with a multidisciplinary approach as well as social aspects. When the individual and social consequences of child neglect and the density of migrant population in our country and the prevalence of child neglect among migrant population are considered together, it is understood that the problem should be taken seriously. However, this field has not received the attention it deserves until recently, and child neglect has remained a "neglected field". Today, although child neglect is an issue that has been drawn attention by international organizations and governments, there is a big gap in this field that needs to be filled from a scientific point of view in our country as in the whole world. This study is significant for its use of nationally representative data from both Turkish and Syrian migrant samples and the utilization of standardized methods employed in nearly 100 countries, allowing for international comparisons.
Purpose: This study aimed to estimate was to provide an estimate of the prevalence of neglect, a subtype of child maltreatment, and to evaluate the types of child neglect and associated factors among Syrian migrant and Turkish children live in Turkey based on data which is obtained by using standardized methods employed in numerous countries. Thus, it is aimed to draw a picture about the situation of child neglect in our country, to contribute to the studies on neglect by making determinations that can be compared with other countries, to shed light on the determination of the situations related to child neglect in our country and therefore the measures to be taken, and to emphasize the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach in terms of preventing child neglect. Materials and Methods: In our study, with the approval of Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies (HUIPS), we used data on 2032 Turkish and 1191 Syrian migrant children aged 0-5 years among women aged 15-49 years who were included in the survey conducted between October 2018 and February 2019 as part of the 2018 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey. Descriptive and advanced statistical analysis was performed on independent and dependent variables, and Pearson chi-square and Fisher's exact test were applied to compare categorical variables. In addition, in order to examine the relationship between child neglect and independent variables, logistic regression analysis was performed with 3 models taking into account different characteristics. Results: Among children living in Turkey, Syrian migrant children were found to be exposed to neglect at a higher rate than Turkish children, regardless of the type. The frequency of exposure to neglect was 29.7% among Turkish children and 66.1% among Syrian migrant children. In both groups, the highest rate of neglect exposure was found to be educational neglect and the lowest rate of neglect exposure was found to be social support neglect. Sociodemographic characteristics affecting children's exposure to neglect were found to differ in both groups. In Turkish children, household characteristics were found to be a factor in exposure to neglect with all variables, while in Syrian immigrant children, only the effect of the number of siblings was found to be statistically significant. In terms of parental characteristics, the age of the mother between 19-35 years and the low level of parental education were found to be significant factors in both groups. A young father's age was found to be a significant factor for Syrian immigrant children, while the mother's not working was found to be a significant factor for Turkish children. In both groups, it was found that younger children were more likely to be exposed to neglect and the gender of the child did not have a significant effect on exposure to neglect. According to our findings, the variables that increased the exposure to neglect the most were found to be the level of wealth (8 times) in Turkish children and the level of mother's education (3 times) in Syrian immigrant children. The effects of variables such as living in crowded houses or rural areas and unplanned v pregnancy differed between groups. In our study, in line with the literature, early childhood development was also found to be lower in children with exposure to neglect. Discussion and Conclusion: Child neglect is the most common form of child maltreatment worldwide and is a problem that threatens both individuals and societies. Childhood neglect causes many permanent physical, psychological and behavioral damages in children and may result in death as the most severe form. Individuals who have been exposed to neglect in childhood are prone to violence, illegal substance use, etc. It causes forensic consequences. In line with the literature, in our study, low welfare level, low education level of parents, crowded and nonstandard living conditions were found to be risk factors that increase child neglect Child neglect, which is reported to be a condition whose consequences can be prevented with early detection, is a multidimensional health problem that should be addressed with a multidisciplinary approach as well as social aspects. When the individual and social consequences of child neglect and the density of migrant population in our country and the prevalence of child neglect among migrant population are considered together, it is understood that the problem should be taken seriously. However, this field has not received the attention it deserves until recently, and child neglect has remained a "neglected field". Today, although child neglect is an issue that has been drawn attention by international organizations and governments, there is a big gap in this field that needs to be filled from a scientific point of view in our country as in the whole world. This study is significant for its use of nationally representative data from both Turkish and Syrian migrant samples and the utilization of standardized methods employed in nearly 100 countries, allowing for international comparisons.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Adli Tıp, Forensic Medicine
