Yığma binalarda duvar boşluk oranlarının binanın deprem davranışına etkisi
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2025
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Düzce Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Türkiye'de, şehir merkezlerinde klasik yığma yapıların kullanımı azalmakta, ancak kırsal bölgelerde hâlâ yaygın olarak tercih edilmektedir. 2023 yılı TÜİK verilerine göre Türkiye'deki toplam konut stokunun yaklaşık %15-20'si yığma yapılardan oluşmaktadır. Bu oran kırsal bölgelerde %30'un üzerine çıkabilmektedir. Yığma yapılar, taş, tuğla, kerpiç, briket ve ahşap gibi doğal malzemelerle inşa edilen, kendi ağırlıkları veya harç kullanılarak birleştirilen yapılardır. Tüm yapılarda olduğu gibi Türkiye, aktif fay hatlarına sahip bir ülke olduğu için yığma yapılarda deprem riski altındadır. Bu nedenle, kırsal alanlarda yaygın olan geleneksel yığma yapıların deprem performanslarının değerlendirilmesi depreme dayanıklı yapı tasarımı açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, depreme maruz kalacak yığma binalarda duvar boşluk oranlarının yığma binaların deprem davranışları üzerindeki etkileri çok yönlü incelenmiştir. Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği-2018 (TBDY-2018)'in tasarım şartlarına uygun olarak 100 m² alana sahip referans bir yığma yapı planı hazırlanmıştır. Yığma yapının deprem etkisi altında ki davranışı analiz edilerek, binanın performans durumu, hasar durumu, ötelenme durumu, taban kesme kuvvetleri ve devrilme momentleri gibi parametreler incelenmiştir. Aynı bina planında duvar boşlukları, referans plana göre oransal olarak %0, %10, %20 ve %30 oranlarında artırılarak 5 farklı tek katlı yığma yapı modeli oluşturulmuştur. Bu modellerin TBDY-2018'e göre performans analizleri yapılmış, deprem kuvvetleri, taban kesme kuvvetleri, devrilme momentleri ve ötelenme miktarları gibi parametreler belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, referans bina modeliyle karşılaştırılmış ve depreme dayanıklılık açısından en uygun model belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, yığma yapılara etki eden deprem kuvveti açısından %0 duvar boşluğu olan yapının karşıladığı taban kesme kuvveti referans alındığında, %10 duvar boşluklu yapının taban kesme kuvvetine karşı direncinin yaklaşık %9,26 oranında azaldığı, %20 duvar boşluklu yapıda yaklaşık %28,56 oranında azaldığı, %21,4 duvar boşluğu olan referans yapıda yaklaşık %31,52 oranında azaldığı ve %30 duvar boşluğu olan yapıda ise yaklaşık %34,69 oranında azaldığı görülmüştür. Yapılan tüm analiz ve diğer hesap sonuçları tezin ilgili bölümlerinde detaylı olarak verilmiştir. Yığma yapı modellerinin Deprem analizleri STA4-CAD programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Tasarım özellikleri ve deprem analiz sonuçları, kırsal bölgelerde yapılması planlanan yığma yapılar için olası modeller olarak sunulmuştur. Bu model sonuçlarına göre tasarlanan yığma yapıların deprem etkisi altında ki davranışlarının nasıl olabileceği konusu ile ilgili fayda sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
In Turkey, the use of classical masonry structures in city centres is decreasing, but it is still widely preferred in rural areas. According to 2023 TÜİK data, approximately 15-20% of the total housing stock in Turkey consists of masonry structures. This rate can exceed 30% in rural areas. Masonry structures are structures constructed with natural materials such as stone, brick, adobe, briquette and wood, and assembled using their own weight or mortar. As with all structures, Turkey is a country with active fault lines, and therefore, masonry structures are at risk of earthquakes. Therefore, the evaluation of the seismic performance of traditional masonry structures, which are common in rural areas, is important in terms of earthquake-resistant building design. In this study, the effects of wall cavity ratios on the seismic behaviour of masonry buildings that will be exposed to earthquakes were examined in a multifaceted manner. A reference masonry building plan with an area of 100 m² was prepared in accordance with the design conditions of the Turkish Building Earthquake Code-2018 (TBDY-2018). The behaviour of masonry structures under the effect of earthquake was analysed and parameters such as the performance status of the building, damage status, drift status, base shear forces and overturning moments were examined. In the same building plan, 5 different single-storey masonry building models were created by increasing the wall cavity proportionally by 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% compared to the reference plan. Performance analyses of these models were made according to TBDY-2018, and parameters such as earthquake forces, base Shear forces, overturning moments and drift amounts were determined. The obtained results were compared with the reference building model and the most suitable model in terms of earthquake resistance was tried to be determined. As a result, when the base Shear force of the structure with 0% wall cavity is taken as a reference in terms of the earthquake force acting on the masonry structures, it is seen that the resistance of the structure with 10% wall cavity against the base shear force decreases by approximately 9.26%, decreases by approximately 28.56% in the structure with 20% wall cavity , decreases by approximately 31.52% in the reference structure with 21.4% wall cavity and decreases by approximately 34.69% in the structure with 30% wall cavity. All analysis and other calculation results are given in detail in the relevant sections of the thesis. Earthquake analyses of the masonry structure models were performed using the STA4-CAD software program. Design features and earthquake analysis results are presented as possible models for the masonry structures planned to be built in rural areas. It is thought that these model results will be beneficial in terms of how the designed masonry structures will behave under earthquake effects.
In Turkey, the use of classical masonry structures in city centres is decreasing, but it is still widely preferred in rural areas. According to 2023 TÜİK data, approximately 15-20% of the total housing stock in Turkey consists of masonry structures. This rate can exceed 30% in rural areas. Masonry structures are structures constructed with natural materials such as stone, brick, adobe, briquette and wood, and assembled using their own weight or mortar. As with all structures, Turkey is a country with active fault lines, and therefore, masonry structures are at risk of earthquakes. Therefore, the evaluation of the seismic performance of traditional masonry structures, which are common in rural areas, is important in terms of earthquake-resistant building design. In this study, the effects of wall cavity ratios on the seismic behaviour of masonry buildings that will be exposed to earthquakes were examined in a multifaceted manner. A reference masonry building plan with an area of 100 m² was prepared in accordance with the design conditions of the Turkish Building Earthquake Code-2018 (TBDY-2018). The behaviour of masonry structures under the effect of earthquake was analysed and parameters such as the performance status of the building, damage status, drift status, base shear forces and overturning moments were examined. In the same building plan, 5 different single-storey masonry building models were created by increasing the wall cavity proportionally by 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% compared to the reference plan. Performance analyses of these models were made according to TBDY-2018, and parameters such as earthquake forces, base Shear forces, overturning moments and drift amounts were determined. The obtained results were compared with the reference building model and the most suitable model in terms of earthquake resistance was tried to be determined. As a result, when the base Shear force of the structure with 0% wall cavity is taken as a reference in terms of the earthquake force acting on the masonry structures, it is seen that the resistance of the structure with 10% wall cavity against the base shear force decreases by approximately 9.26%, decreases by approximately 28.56% in the structure with 20% wall cavity , decreases by approximately 31.52% in the reference structure with 21.4% wall cavity and decreases by approximately 34.69% in the structure with 30% wall cavity. All analysis and other calculation results are given in detail in the relevant sections of the thesis. Earthquake analyses of the masonry structure models were performed using the STA4-CAD software program. Design features and earthquake analysis results are presented as possible models for the masonry structures planned to be built in rural areas. It is thought that these model results will be beneficial in terms of how the designed masonry structures will behave under earthquake effects.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Mimarlık, Architecture
