Kamu yapım ihalelerinde analitik hiyerarşi prosesi (AHP) ve VIKOR yöntemiyle hibrit bir yüklenici seçimi yaklaşımı
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Yayıncı
Düzce Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İnşaat projelerinin ön görülen bütçe ve süre dahilinde ve istenen kalite spesifikasyonları kapsamında tamamlanabilmesi için yüklenici seçimi önemli bir etkendir. Türkiye'de kamu ihalelerinde belirli şartlar sağlandıktan sonra, yüklenici firmalar tarafından verilen teklifler sınır değer hesabına tabii tutulur. Bu hesap sonucunda ekonomik açıdan en düşük teklifi veren firma ihaleyi kazanmış sayılır. Fakat yüklenici seçiminde en düşük teklif kriterine bakılması zaman içerisinde sıkıntılar yaşanmasına neden olabilmektedir. Aslında bir yapım ihalesinin yüklenicisini belirlemek, pek çok kriterin ayrı ayrı optimizasyonunu gerektiren birçok kriterli karar verme problemi mahiyetindedir. Bu nedenle birden çok kriterin esas alındığı çözüm yaklaşımlarının kullanılması, yüklenici seçiminde daha nitelikli sonuçlar sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmada mevcut kamu ihalelerinde uygulanan yaklaşıma alternatif bir yaklaşım önerilmiştir. Ön yeterlilik ya da yeterlilik şartlarından da bir kısmının içinde bulunduğu fakat buna ek olarak başka kriterlerinde eklendiği bir model önerilmiştir. Önerilen model kamu yapım ihalesine katılan adaylar arasından en uygun olanının seçilmesi için bir Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) hibrit yaklaşımıdır. Bu yaklaşımda (ÇKVV) yöntemlerinden, Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) ve VIKOR yöntemi birlikte uygulanmıştır. Kriterlerin ağırlıklarının belirlenmesinde AHP yöntemi, birçok kriteri çözüme yansıtabilmek amacıyla da VIKOR yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma için geniş kapsamlı literatür taraması yapılarak ana ve alt kriterler belirlemiştir. Belirlenen kriterlerin puanlandırmaları, kamu yapım ihaleleri hakkında uzman kişilerle görüşülüp yapılmıştır. Öncelikle AHP yöntemi kullanılarak yüklenici seçimi yapılmıştır. Bundan sonra VIKOR yöntemiyle yüklenici seçimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Her iki yöntemin tek tek kullanılarak yapılan sıralamaların daha sağlıklı bir yaklaşımla gerçekleştirilebilmesi için son olarak AHP yöntemiyle elde edilmiş kriterlerin ağırlıklarıyla AHP-VIKOR hibrit çözümü yapılmıştır. Bu şekilde minimize ve maksimize edilecek kriterlerin birbirleriyle çelişmesi halinde optimum çözüme ulaşılmasında başarılı bir yaklaşım olan VIKOR yöntemi AHP yöntemiyle hibrit edilerek amaca daha da uygun bir seçim yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda her üç yaklaşımla elde edilecek sıralamalar karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu şekilde bir ihale sisteminde ihaleyi kazanacak firmaya bu alternatif yolla karar verilirse, mevcut halinden daha sağlıklı çözümlere ulaşılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Contractor selection is an important factor in order for construction projects to be completed within the foreseeable budget and time and within the required quality specifications. After certain conditions are met in public tenders in Turkey, the bids given by the contractor companies are subject to the limit value account. As a result of this account, the company that made the lowest bid economically is considered to have won the tender. But looking at the lowest bid criteria in selecting a contractor can lead to problems over time. In fact, determining the contractor of a construction tender is the nature of many criteria decision-making problems that require the optimization of many criteria separately. For this reason, the use of solution approaches based on multiple criteria will provide more qualified results in the selection of contractors. In this study, an alternative approach to the approach applied in existing public tenders was proposed. A model has been proposed in which some of the pre-qualification or qualification requirements are included, but also added to other criteria. The proposed model is a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (CCC) hybrid approach to selecting the most suitable one among the candidates participating in the public construction tender. In this approach, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the VIKOR method were applied together. AHP method was used to determine the weights of the criteria and VIKOR method was used to reflect many criteria to the solution. For the study, a wide-ranging literature review was conducted and determined the main and sub-criteria. Ratings of the criteria determined were interviewed and conducted with experts on public construction tenders. First, contractor selection was made using the AHP method. After that, the choice of contractor was made by the VIKOR method. Finally, the AHP-VIKOR hybrid solution was made with the weights of the criteria obtained by the AHP method in order to realize the rankings made using both methods individually with a healthier approach. In this way, if the criteria to be minimized and maximized contradict each other, the VIKOR method, which is a successful approach to achieving an optimal solution, was hybrid with the AHP method and an even more appropriate choice was made for the purpose. As a result of the study, the rankings obtained with all three approaches were compared. In this way, it has been concluded that if the company that will win the tender in the tender system is decided in this alternative way, healthier solutions can be achieved than in its current state.
Contractor selection is an important factor in order for construction projects to be completed within the foreseeable budget and time and within the required quality specifications. After certain conditions are met in public tenders in Turkey, the bids given by the contractor companies are subject to the limit value account. As a result of this account, the company that made the lowest bid economically is considered to have won the tender. But looking at the lowest bid criteria in selecting a contractor can lead to problems over time. In fact, determining the contractor of a construction tender is the nature of many criteria decision-making problems that require the optimization of many criteria separately. For this reason, the use of solution approaches based on multiple criteria will provide more qualified results in the selection of contractors. In this study, an alternative approach to the approach applied in existing public tenders was proposed. A model has been proposed in which some of the pre-qualification or qualification requirements are included, but also added to other criteria. The proposed model is a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (CCC) hybrid approach to selecting the most suitable one among the candidates participating in the public construction tender. In this approach, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the VIKOR method were applied together. AHP method was used to determine the weights of the criteria and VIKOR method was used to reflect many criteria to the solution. For the study, a wide-ranging literature review was conducted and determined the main and sub-criteria. Ratings of the criteria determined were interviewed and conducted with experts on public construction tenders. First, contractor selection was made using the AHP method. After that, the choice of contractor was made by the VIKOR method. Finally, the AHP-VIKOR hybrid solution was made with the weights of the criteria obtained by the AHP method in order to realize the rankings made using both methods individually with a healthier approach. In this way, if the criteria to be minimized and maximized contradict each other, the VIKOR method, which is a successful approach to achieving an optimal solution, was hybrid with the AHP method and an even more appropriate choice was made for the purpose. As a result of the study, the rankings obtained with all three approaches were compared. In this way, it has been concluded that if the company that will win the tender in the tender system is decided in this alternative way, healthier solutions can be achieved than in its current state.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
İnşaat Mühendisliği, Civil Engineering
