İzmit Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü'nde yapraklı türlerde görülen bursaphelenchus türlerinin belirlenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Düzce Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Çam odun nematodu, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer 1934) Nickle 1970, (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) iğne yapraklı orman ağacı türlerinde zararlı olan bir türdür. Bulaştığı çam ağaçlarında ani ölümlere neden olan ve çam solgunluk hastalığının ana etmeni olarak adlandırılan bu zararlı, dünya genelinde ekzotik zararlılar arasında en önemli olanlardandır. Ekzotik kökenli bir zararlı olan bu tür Japonya, Çin, Güney Kore, Tayvan gibi Uzakdoğu ülkelerinde önemli zararlara sebebiyet vermektedir. Portekiz'de 1999 ve İspanya'da 2010 yılında ormanlık alanlarda varlığı tespit edilmiştir. B. xylophilus'un ciddi zararları nedeniyle bilim insanlarının Bursaphelenchus cinsine ait çalışmaları son 20 yılda artmıştır. Ülkemizde B. xylophilus'un varlığının tespit edilmesine yönelik çalışmalarda iğne yapraklı ağaçlarda farklı Bursaphelenchus türleri bulunmuştur. Ancak Bursaphelenchus cinsine ait türlerin yapraklı ağaç türlerindeki varlığının tespit edilmesine yönelik ülkemizde yapılmış herhangi bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Yapraklı ağaç türlerinde bulunan Bursaphelenchus türlerinin belirlenmesi için bu çalışma yürütülmüştür. Nematod örnekleme çalışmaları, İzmit Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü idari sınırları içinde yayılış gösteren yapraklı türlerin bulunduğu 13 Orman İşletme Şefliğinde yürütülmüştür. Bursaphelenchus türlerinin örneklemesinde, seçilen ağaçların göğüs yüksekliği (1.30 m) veya rahat çalışılabilecek bir yükseklikten el burgusuyla gövdenin her iki tarafından talaş örneği alınmıştır. Laboratuvara getirilen talaş örneklerinden tray yöntemi kullanılarak nematod izolasyonu yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada toplam 988 örnek toplanmıştır. Bu örneklerin 128 adedinde nematod bulunmuştur. Ancak bunların önemli bir bölümü farklı cinslere ve familyalara ait nematodlardır. Toplamda 22 farklı türün laboratuar kültürü kurulmuş ve teşhisleri yapılmıştır. Teşhis işlemleri sonucunda Bursaphelenchus cinsinden sadece Bursaphelenchus mucronatus türü tespit edilmiştir. Bursaphelencus cinsinden farklı olarak, Paraphelenchus acontioides ve Aphelenchoides heidelbergi türleri de Türkiye'den ilk defa rapor edilmiştir. Ayrıca 5 farklı Aphelenchoides türü daha bulunmuştur. Ancak gen dizilimleri GenBank'ta olmadığı için henüz kesin teşhis işlemleri bitirilememiştir. Teşhis işlemleri bitirilecek 5 türün tamamı Türkiye'den yapraklı ağaçlardan ilk kayıt olarak literatüre kazandırılmış olacaktır. Bazı türlerin dünya Aphelenchoid türleri için yeni kayıt olma potansiyeli bulunmaktadır. Türkiye'deki yapraklı ağaçlarda bulunan farklı Bursaphelenchus ve Aphelenchoides türlerinin tespit edilebilmesi için yeni çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle, (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) is a pest of conifer forest trees. This pest, known as the causal agent of pine wilt disease which is characterized by the sudden death of infected pine trees, is one of the serious exotic pest around the world. This exotic pest causes considerable losses in eastern Asia countries such as Japan, China, South Korea, Taivan. In 1999 and 2010, it was detected forest lands of Portugal and Spain respectively. Due to serious damage of B. xylophilus the studies on the genus of Bursaphelenchus have increased during the last 20 years. To determine the presence of B. xylophilus in our country, different Bursaphelenchus species were found on coniferous trees. However, there is no study in our country for the detection of the presence of species belonging to the genus Bursaphelenchus on deciduous trees. This study was carried out to determine the Bursaphelenchus species on decidious trees. Nematode sampling studies were conducted in deciduous forest sites of 13 Forest Sub-Directorates of İzmit Forest District Directorate. For sampling of Bursaphelenchus species, wood chip samples (about 300-400 grams) were taken from both sides of the selected trees by using hand auger drilling from breast height (1.30 m) or comfortable height. Nematode isolations from wood chips were done by using modified Tray method. In this study, a total of 988 samples were collected. From these samples, 128 contained nematodes. But most of them were from either different families or genus of nematodes. In total, laboratory cultures of 22 different species were established and species identification studies were carried out. According to identification results Bursaphelenchus mucronatus was only found from the genus Bursaphelenchus. Paraphelenchus acontioides and Aphelenchoides heidelbergi different from Bursaphelenchus were identified first time for Turkey. In addition, 5 different Aphelenchoides species were noticed. Due to absences of molecular ID's of 5 species in GenBank, the identification of these 5 species has not been completed yet. Identified 3 species and additional 5 new species will be new records from deciduous trees of Turkey. After completion of identification work of 5 Aphelenchoides species, they will be first record from broadleaved trees in Turkey. Some species may have a potential of being a new species for the world Aphelenchoid fauna. New studies are required to find different Bursaphelenchus and Aphelenchoides species from broadleaved trees in Turkey.
The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle, (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) is a pest of conifer forest trees. This pest, known as the causal agent of pine wilt disease which is characterized by the sudden death of infected pine trees, is one of the serious exotic pest around the world. This exotic pest causes considerable losses in eastern Asia countries such as Japan, China, South Korea, Taivan. In 1999 and 2010, it was detected forest lands of Portugal and Spain respectively. Due to serious damage of B. xylophilus the studies on the genus of Bursaphelenchus have increased during the last 20 years. To determine the presence of B. xylophilus in our country, different Bursaphelenchus species were found on coniferous trees. However, there is no study in our country for the detection of the presence of species belonging to the genus Bursaphelenchus on deciduous trees. This study was carried out to determine the Bursaphelenchus species on decidious trees. Nematode sampling studies were conducted in deciduous forest sites of 13 Forest Sub-Directorates of İzmit Forest District Directorate. For sampling of Bursaphelenchus species, wood chip samples (about 300-400 grams) were taken from both sides of the selected trees by using hand auger drilling from breast height (1.30 m) or comfortable height. Nematode isolations from wood chips were done by using modified Tray method. In this study, a total of 988 samples were collected. From these samples, 128 contained nematodes. But most of them were from either different families or genus of nematodes. In total, laboratory cultures of 22 different species were established and species identification studies were carried out. According to identification results Bursaphelenchus mucronatus was only found from the genus Bursaphelenchus. Paraphelenchus acontioides and Aphelenchoides heidelbergi different from Bursaphelenchus were identified first time for Turkey. In addition, 5 different Aphelenchoides species were noticed. Due to absences of molecular ID's of 5 species in GenBank, the identification of these 5 species has not been completed yet. Identified 3 species and additional 5 new species will be new records from deciduous trees of Turkey. After completion of identification work of 5 Aphelenchoides species, they will be first record from broadleaved trees in Turkey. Some species may have a potential of being a new species for the world Aphelenchoid fauna. New studies are required to find different Bursaphelenchus and Aphelenchoides species from broadleaved trees in Turkey.
Açıklama
YÖK Tez No: 563161
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ormancılık ve Orman Mühendisliği, Forestry and Forest Engineering
