Peyzaj karakterleri çalışmalarının entegre havza yönetim modellerinde değerlendirilmesi; Bingöl Çapakçur, Yeşilköy, Yamaç mikrohavzaları örneği
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Düzce Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Son yıllarda dünyamızı etkisi altına alan küresel iklim değişikliği, ekstrem hava olayları ve karşı karşıya kaldığımız kuraklık doğal kaynakların hızla bozulmasına yol açmaktadır. Tatlı suya ulaşımın giderek azaldığı günümüzde su yönetimi çalışmaları gün geçtikçe popüler hale gelmektedir. Su yönetimine bütüncül yaklaşım için en çok kullanılan model entegre havza yönetim modelleridir. Bu model havza sakinlerinin sosyo-ekonomik yapılarını ve doğal kaynak yönetimini bir arada ele aldığından dünya üzerinde de en çok uygulanan yönetim modellerindendir. Model kurgulanırken en önemli parametre mevcut arazi kullanımıdır. Bu parametre hem koruma ve geliştirme stratejilerini, hem de sosyo-ekonomik faktörleri doğrudan etkilemektedir.Bu araştırmada Bingöl ilinde 3 havzada model kurgulanmış ve yönetim stratejileri geliştirilmiştir. Model kurgulanırken genel olarak kullanılan CORINE arazi örtüsü yerine daha güncel ve sağlıklı verilerin sağlanacağı düşünülen Peyzaj Karakterleri kullanılmıştır. Bu sayede CORINE arazi örtüsünde yer almayan erozyon sahaları, kayalık alanlar, ulaşım ağları, kuru ve sulu dereler araştırmaya dahil edilerek daha güncel stratejiler geliştirilmiştir. CORINE arazi örtüsünün güncel peyzaj karakter alanlarıyla %45,35 oranında farklılık göstermesi, bu kararın ne kadar doğru olduğunu gözler önüne sermiştir. Araştırma boyunca 193 noktadan 12 farklı kullanım alanından toprak ve bitki örneklemesi yapılmıştır. Bu noktaların ayrıca 12'sinden su örneklemesi de yapılarak su kalitesi yıllık olarak incelenerek mevsimsel değişimler belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda vejetasyon koruma zonları haritası, toprak kalitesi haritası ve su kalite parametreleri güncel olarak verilmiştir. Yapılan koruma ve geliştirme stratejilerinde bu parametrelerin göz önünde bulundurulması araştırmanın güncelliğini arttırmıştır. Araştırma, havzaların risk haritalarının (erozyon, taşkın, heyelan) modele dahil edildiği öncü çalışmalardandır. Erozyon için kullanılan RUSLE modelinde tüm veri setlerinin yersel ölçümler ile hazırlanmıştır. Dolayısıyla en güncel toprak kaybı haritası da oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda 3 havza için risk ve hassasiyet haritaları ortaya konulmuş ve SWOT analizleriyle havza sakinleri araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Koruma, kollama ve kalkınma çözüm önerileri havza sakinleri ile entegre bir şekilde ortaya konularak araştırma tamamlanmıştır.
Global climate change, which has been surrounding the world in recent years, extreme weather conditions, and imminent risk of drought lead to the rapid disruption of natural resources. Access to freshwater is becoming more difficult every day, adding to the popularity of water management studies of today. Integrated basin models are the most widely used models in the holistic approaches to water management. These models jointly consider the socio-economic structure of the residents of watersheds and natural resource management, thus ranking among the most applied management models worldwide. Land use is the most important parameter in model construction as it directly affects both strategies for preservation and development and socio-economic factors. In this study, a model was constructed and management strategies were developed for three basins in Bingöl, Turkey. Instead of the CORINE land cover inventory, which has been usually used for this purpose, the landscape characteristics assessment was employed during the construction of the model, as we were of the opinion that it could yield more up-to-date and healthy data. Hence, the erosion sites, rocky areas, transportation networks, dry and active rivers, which are omitted in the CORINE land cover, were included in the study, thus allowing the development of more up-to-date strategies. The discrepancy of 45.45% between the CORINE land cover and current landscape areas is a testament to the foresightedness of our decision to use landscape characteristics. Soil and plant samples were collected from 193 locations and 12 different areas of use during the study. Moreover, water samples were collected from 12 of these locations to annually examine and seasonally determine the annual changes in water quality. The up-to-date vegetation preservation zones map, soil quality map, and water quality parameters were obtained using the results of the study. The use of these parameters during the development of the preservation and development strategies has added to the up-to-dateness of the study. The study is a pioneer for its inclusion of the risk maps of the basins (erosion, flood, and landslide) in the model. All data sets were prepared using topographic measurements in the RUSLE model that was used for erosion, allowing the generation of the most up-to-date soil loss map. The risk and sensitivity maps for the three basins were obtained with the study and the residents of the basins were included in the study in keeping with the SWOT analyses. The study was finalized in an integrated manner with the residents of the watersheds, yielding solutions for protection, preservation, and development.
Global climate change, which has been surrounding the world in recent years, extreme weather conditions, and imminent risk of drought lead to the rapid disruption of natural resources. Access to freshwater is becoming more difficult every day, adding to the popularity of water management studies of today. Integrated basin models are the most widely used models in the holistic approaches to water management. These models jointly consider the socio-economic structure of the residents of watersheds and natural resource management, thus ranking among the most applied management models worldwide. Land use is the most important parameter in model construction as it directly affects both strategies for preservation and development and socio-economic factors. In this study, a model was constructed and management strategies were developed for three basins in Bingöl, Turkey. Instead of the CORINE land cover inventory, which has been usually used for this purpose, the landscape characteristics assessment was employed during the construction of the model, as we were of the opinion that it could yield more up-to-date and healthy data. Hence, the erosion sites, rocky areas, transportation networks, dry and active rivers, which are omitted in the CORINE land cover, were included in the study, thus allowing the development of more up-to-date strategies. The discrepancy of 45.45% between the CORINE land cover and current landscape areas is a testament to the foresightedness of our decision to use landscape characteristics. Soil and plant samples were collected from 193 locations and 12 different areas of use during the study. Moreover, water samples were collected from 12 of these locations to annually examine and seasonally determine the annual changes in water quality. The up-to-date vegetation preservation zones map, soil quality map, and water quality parameters were obtained using the results of the study. The use of these parameters during the development of the preservation and development strategies has added to the up-to-dateness of the study. The study is a pioneer for its inclusion of the risk maps of the basins (erosion, flood, and landslide) in the model. All data sets were prepared using topographic measurements in the RUSLE model that was used for erosion, allowing the generation of the most up-to-date soil loss map. The risk and sensitivity maps for the three basins were obtained with the study and the residents of the basins were included in the study in keeping with the SWOT analyses. The study was finalized in an integrated manner with the residents of the watersheds, yielding solutions for protection, preservation, and development.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Peyzaj Mimarlığı, Landscape Architecture, Doğal peyzaj, Natural landscape, Fırat-Dicle havzası, Fırat-Dicle basin, Kentsel peyzaj, Urban landscape
