İkinci Meşrutiyet döneminde çok partili siyasal hayat
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Düzce Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Osmanlı Devleti'nde 17. yüzyılın sonlarında başlayan modernleşme hareketleriyle birlikte II. Meşrutiyetin ilân edilmesiyle kendisini gösteren çok partili siyasal hayatın Osmanlı Devleti'nin demokratikleşmesi yolundaki rolünü değerlendirmektir. 1876 yılında ilan edilen Kanun-ı Esasi ile başlayan meşrutiyet devrinde, Osmanlı Devletinde siyasal yapılanmalar meydana gelmeye başlamıştır. Bu dönem içerisinde İttihat ve Terakki Fırkası, Hürriyet ve İtilâf Fırkası, Ahrar Fırkası gibi siyasal hareketler kurulmuştur. Bu çalışmada genel olarak II. Meşrutiyet'in ilanından sonra yaşanan siyasal gelişmeler anlatılarak Osmanlı Devleti'nin içine girmiş olduğu siyasal ortam açıklanmıştır. Çok partili siyasi yaşamın sona ermesine yol açan önemli olaylar da incelenmiştir. İttihat ve Terakki ile İttihatçı subayların ortaklaşa gerçekleştirdiği 23 Ocak 1913 tarihli hükümet darbesinin siyasi ve askerî nedenleri analiz edilmiş, baskın her yönüyle değerlendirilmiştir. 1920 yılına kadar çeşitli aksaklıklara rağmen devam eden meşruti yönetim, 1923 yılından itibaren tamamen yıkılmış ve Cumhuriyet Rejimi olarak anılan yeni bir dönem başlamıştır. Osmanlı Devletinin 1923 yılına kadar demokratikleşme yolunda yaşadığı tecrübeler Türkiye Cumhuriyetinin siyasal yapısına zemine hazırlamıştır.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the democratization of multi-party political life in the Ottoman Empire as a result of the declaration of the Second Constitutional Monarchy, together with the modernization movements that started in the late 17th century in the Ottoman Empire. Parties began to emerge in Ottoman politics during the constitutional period that started with the Ottoman Basic Law declared in 1876. During this period, political movements such as the Party of Union, and Progress, the Party of Freedom and Accord and the Party of Ahrar were established. Within the scope of the thesis, the political developments that took place after the declaration of the Second Constitutional Monarchy were explained and the political environment that the Ottoman Empire entered was clarified. Important events that led to the end of multi-party political life were also examined. The political and military reasons for the coup d'état on January 23, 1913, carried out jointly by the Committee of Union and Progress and Unionist officers, were analyzed and the raid was evaluated in every aspect. The constitutional government, which continued despite various setbacks until 1920, was completely destroyed as of 1923 and a new period called the Republican Regime began. The experiences of the Ottoman Empire towards democratization until 1923 laid the paving for the political structure of the Republic of Turkey.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the democratization of multi-party political life in the Ottoman Empire as a result of the declaration of the Second Constitutional Monarchy, together with the modernization movements that started in the late 17th century in the Ottoman Empire. Parties began to emerge in Ottoman politics during the constitutional period that started with the Ottoman Basic Law declared in 1876. During this period, political movements such as the Party of Union, and Progress, the Party of Freedom and Accord and the Party of Ahrar were established. Within the scope of the thesis, the political developments that took place after the declaration of the Second Constitutional Monarchy were explained and the political environment that the Ottoman Empire entered was clarified. Important events that led to the end of multi-party political life were also examined. The political and military reasons for the coup d'état on January 23, 1913, carried out jointly by the Committee of Union and Progress and Unionist officers, were analyzed and the raid was evaluated in every aspect. The constitutional government, which continued despite various setbacks until 1920, was completely destroyed as of 1923 and a new period called the Republican Regime began. The experiences of the Ottoman Empire towards democratization until 1923 laid the paving for the political structure of the Republic of Turkey.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Siyasal Bilimler, Political Science, Tarih
