Eskişehir yöresinde farklı toprak işleme metotları ve dört kanatlı tuz çalısının (Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.) erozyonu önlemedeki etkisi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Düzce Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de yeni kullanılmaya başlanan dört kanatlı tuz çalısının (DKTÇ) farklı toprak işleme ve dikim sıklığı uygulamaları yapılarak Eskişehir yöresinde ağaçlandırmaya uygun olmayan sığ, yarı-kurak ve yüksek eğimli alanlarda yüzeysel akış ve erozyonu önlemede kullanılabilirliğinin ve tutma başarısının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, Eskişehir İlinde % 43 eğimde erozyona uğramış bir görüntü sağlamak amacıyla vejetasyonu tamamen yok edilen deneme sahası üzerinde, 3 tekerrürlü 8'er adet işlemden oluşan toplam 24 adet ölçüm parselleri oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan bu parsellere hiçbir işlem yapılmadan bırakılan kontrol parselleri dışındaki tüm parsellere toprak işlemesi yöntemleri arasındaki farkı tespit etmek amacıyla 300 cm aralıklarla 50-100 cm mesafelerde çukur şeklinde ve gradoni tipi teras formunda toprak işlemesi yapılmıştır. Bu şekilde 2 farklı toprak işlemesi yapılan parseller ve kontrol parselleri dışında fidan dikim sıklığının etkisini görebilmek için, 50-100 cm sıklıkla açılan çukurlara ve gradoni tipi teraslara 50 ve 100 cm mesafelerde 2+0 enso tipi DKTÇ fidanları dikilmiştir. 2x10 m ebatlarında, toplam 20 m2 büyüklükte oluşturulan parsellerde 2015 ve 2016 yıllarında yağışlardan sonra akışa geçen su miktarı ölçülmüş ve alınan örneklerde sediment miktarı belirlenerek erozyonla taşınan toprak miktarları tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre teras şeklinde toprak işlenmesinin erozyonu ve yüzeysel akışı azaltmada en etkili yöntem olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada erozyonu ve yüzeysel akışı azaltmada DKTÇ fidanı dikiminin ve dikim sıklığının 300x(50-100) cm herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Denemede DKTÇ fidanlarının ağaçlandırmaya uygun olmayan sığ toprak derinliğindeki yüksek eğimli alanlarda yaşama yüzdesi ve tutma başarısı % 100 oranında gerçekleşmiştir.
The study was conducted to evaluate whether the four-wing saltbush plant can be used to prevent erosion in the areas with shallow soil and steep slopes in the semi-arid regions, which is not suitable for afforestation, by applying different tillage methods and planting space in Eskişehir region. For this purpose, 20 m2 plots with 2m by 10 m in size were established in the study site to measure amount of runoff after precipitation in 2015 and 2016 as well as the amount of soil loss. Thus, a total of 24 plots consisting of 8 treatments with 3 replications were established on the experimental area where vegetation cover was completely removed by spraying herbicide . There were no treatment in control plots. On the other plots, planting holes and terraces were established and half of the planting holes and terraces were planted with saplings of fourwing saltbush with different planting spaces ( 3m interval, 0.5 m and 1 m distances ) to determine if different soil tilligae types or combination of them with planting have any impact on soil loss and surface runoff . 2+0 Enso fourwing saltbush saplings were planted with 50 – 100 cm intervals at planting holes and in the terraces. Results showed that terracing without planting shrubs was the most effective method for soil and water conservation in this study . In contrast, combination of soil tillage and panting with shbrub saplings had effect on soil loss and surface runoff regardless of planting spaces., On the other hand, seedling survival of fourwing saltbush was 100 percent in this study site with high slope degree and shallow soil conditions which was not appropriate for afforestation.
The study was conducted to evaluate whether the four-wing saltbush plant can be used to prevent erosion in the areas with shallow soil and steep slopes in the semi-arid regions, which is not suitable for afforestation, by applying different tillage methods and planting space in Eskişehir region. For this purpose, 20 m2 plots with 2m by 10 m in size were established in the study site to measure amount of runoff after precipitation in 2015 and 2016 as well as the amount of soil loss. Thus, a total of 24 plots consisting of 8 treatments with 3 replications were established on the experimental area where vegetation cover was completely removed by spraying herbicide . There were no treatment in control plots. On the other plots, planting holes and terraces were established and half of the planting holes and terraces were planted with saplings of fourwing saltbush with different planting spaces ( 3m interval, 0.5 m and 1 m distances ) to determine if different soil tilligae types or combination of them with planting have any impact on soil loss and surface runoff . 2+0 Enso fourwing saltbush saplings were planted with 50 – 100 cm intervals at planting holes and in the terraces. Results showed that terracing without planting shrubs was the most effective method for soil and water conservation in this study . In contrast, combination of soil tillage and panting with shbrub saplings had effect on soil loss and surface runoff regardless of planting spaces., On the other hand, seedling survival of fourwing saltbush was 100 percent in this study site with high slope degree and shallow soil conditions which was not appropriate for afforestation.
Açıklama
YÖK Tez No: 561263
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ormancılık ve Orman Mühendisliği, Forestry and Forest Engineering
