A Cross-Country Techno-Economic Comparison of Data Center Waste Heat Recovery

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dc.contributor.authorBiçen, Yunus
dc.contributor.authorGürel, Ali Etem
dc.contributor.authorHammad, Eman
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T11:36:27Z
dc.date.available2026-07-01T11:36:27Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentDüzce Üniversitesi
dc.description2026 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference, TPEC 2026 -- 9 February 2026 through 10 February 2026 -- College Station -- 224054
dc.description.abstractThe rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud computing has driven a surge in data center (DC) power densities, simultaneously increasing global electricity consumption and generating vast quantities of low-grade waste heat. This study presents a cross-country techno-economic evaluation of recovering waste heat from a 30 MW data center using heat pumps (HP) for district heating (DH) applications across seven nations: the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Sweden, Finland, and Türkiye. Utilizing non-household energy prices and a base coefficient of performance (COP) of 3.0, the analysis compares HP-based recovery against conventional gas and electric boilers using Levelized Cost of Heat (LCOH) and annual operating expenses (OPEX) as primary metrics. The study clearly distinguishes between annual and seasonal utilization profiles, which highlights the significant impact of climate-dependent demand on economic viability. Results indicate that waste heat recovery is cost-competitive in Finland, Sweden, France, Germany, and the US. However, it remains uncompetitive in the UK and Türkiye due to low domestic natural gas prices. Sensitivity analyses demonstrate that LCOH is highly sensitive to annual utilization factors. Furthermore, while aggressive carbon pricing could accelerate adoption in Türkiye, the competitiveness of this technology in the US and Germany is particularly vulnerable to electricity price volatility. © 2026 IEEE.
dc.identifier.doi10.1109/TPEC67884.2026.11513133
dc.identifier.isbn979-833155720-1
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105041396157
dc.identifier.scopusqualityN/A
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1109/TPEC67884.2026.11513133
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12684/23045
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
dc.relation.ispartof2026 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference, TPEC 2026
dc.relation.publicationcategoryKonferans Öğesi - Uluslararası - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_Scopus_20260623
dc.subjectData center
dc.subjectdistrict heating
dc.subjectheat pump
dc.subjectwaste heat
dc.titleA Cross-Country Techno-Economic Comparison of Data Center Waste Heat Recovery
dc.typeConference Object

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