Kent parklarının karbon ayak izi potansiyelinin belirlenmesi: Seka Park örneği (İzmit)
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Düzce Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Küresel ısınma modern yaşamın bedelidir. Küresel ısınma; iklim değişikliği, deniz suyu sıcaklığında artış, biyoçeşitlilik kaybı, orman yangınları, vb. çevre sorunlarını beraberinde getirmiştir. Sorunun çözümü, küresel ısınmaya sebep olan "karbon salımının" azaltlımasıdır. Bu tezin çıkış noktası, "kentsel açık yeşil alanlar, karbon ayak izini azaltmaya katkı sağlar" fikridir. Kentsel açık yeşil alanlar, kentlerin karbon yutak alanları olarak kabul edilmektedir. Karbon depolama, açık yeşil alanların özelliğine göre değişmektedir. Tezin hipotezi "her kentsel açık yeşil alan karbon ayak izini azaltmaya katkı sağlamaz" fikrini savunmaktadır. Çalışma İzmit (Kocaeli)'in önemli kent parklarından olan Seka Park 1. ve 2. Etap'ta yürütülmüştür. Çalışma; mekansal kullanımlara (bina, sert zemin yeşil alanlar) ilişkin nitel-nicel değerlendirmeler, karbon ayak izine ilişkin hesaplamalar ve karbon absorbsiyon-stoğuna ilişkin hesaplamalar temelinde yürütülmüştür. Karbon ayak izine ilişkin hesaplamalarda; öncelikle karbon salımına doğrudan ve dolaylı yoldan neden olan kaynaklar (benzin, dizel, lpg, doğalgaz, elektrik, su tüketimi) belirlenmiş ve tüketim ortaya konulmuştur. Tüketim miktarı belirlenen kaynakların, IPCC Tier 1 ve Tier 2 yaklaşımında yer alan formüller ile karbon ayak izi hesaplanmıştır. Karbon absorbsiyonu Net Birincil Üretim (NPP) hesaplama yöntemi ile hesaplanmıştır. Karbon stoğu IPCC Tier 1 yöntemi ile hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular, 350 m2 çalışma alanında (45.321,15 m2 bina, 54.678,85 m2 sert zemin, 250.000 m2 yeşil alan) 5.577,602x10-3 Gg CO2 karbon salımı, yıllık 2.257.27x10-3 Gg CO2 karbon absorbsiyonu, 836,63x10-3 Gg CO2 karbon stoklama gerçekleştiğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu değerler çalışma alanının karbon depolama performansının düşük olduğu şeklinde yorumlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, çalışma alanının karbon yutağı olmasına ilişkin öneriler geliştirilmiştir. Ayrıca kent parklarının karbon yutak alanı olarak planlanması ve tasarımına ilke ve esaslar vurgulanmıştır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Küresel Isınma, Karbon Ayak İzi, Açık Ve Yeşil Alanlar, Kent Parkı, Seka Park
Global warming is the cost of modern life. Global warming has brought about environmental issues such as climate change, increases in sea water temperature, biodiversity loss, forest fires, and more. The solution to this problem lies in reducing "carbon emissions," which are the primary cause of global warming. The starting point of this thesis is the idea that "urban open green spaces contribute to reducing the carbon footprint." Urban open green spaces are considered as carbon sinks in cities. However, the capacity for carbon storage varies depending on the characteristics of these green spaces. The hypothesis of this thesis argues that "not every urban open green space contributes to reducing the carbon footprint." The study was conducted in the Seka Park Phases 1 and 2, which are significant urban parks in İzmit (Kocaeli). The research is based on qualitative and quantitative evaluations of spatial uses (buildings, hard surfaces, and green spaces), carbon footprint calculations, and carbon absorption and storage assessments. For carbon footprint calculations, sources that directly and indirectly contribute to carbon emissions (such as gasoline, diesel, LPG, natural gas, electricity, and water consumption) were identified, and their consumption levels were determined. The amounts of consumption were then used to calculate the carbon footprint through formulas included in the IPCC Tier 1 and Tier 2 approaches. Carbon absorption was calculated using the Net Primary Production (NPP) method, and carbon storage was determined through the IPCC Tier 1 method. The findings revealed that in the study area of 350.000 m² (45.321,15 m² for buildings, 54.678,85 m² for hard surfaces, and 250,000 m² for green spaces), carbon emissions totaled 5.577,602x10⁻³ Gg CO₂, annual carbon absorption was 2.257,27x10⁻³ Gg CO₂, and carbon storage reached 836.63x10⁻³ Gg CO₂. These values were interpreted as indicating low carbon storage performance in the study area. As a result, recommendations were developed regarding the enhancement of the study area's role as a carbon sink. Additionally, principles and guidelines for the planning and design of urban parks as carbon sink areas were emphasized.
Global warming is the cost of modern life. Global warming has brought about environmental issues such as climate change, increases in sea water temperature, biodiversity loss, forest fires, and more. The solution to this problem lies in reducing "carbon emissions," which are the primary cause of global warming. The starting point of this thesis is the idea that "urban open green spaces contribute to reducing the carbon footprint." Urban open green spaces are considered as carbon sinks in cities. However, the capacity for carbon storage varies depending on the characteristics of these green spaces. The hypothesis of this thesis argues that "not every urban open green space contributes to reducing the carbon footprint." The study was conducted in the Seka Park Phases 1 and 2, which are significant urban parks in İzmit (Kocaeli). The research is based on qualitative and quantitative evaluations of spatial uses (buildings, hard surfaces, and green spaces), carbon footprint calculations, and carbon absorption and storage assessments. For carbon footprint calculations, sources that directly and indirectly contribute to carbon emissions (such as gasoline, diesel, LPG, natural gas, electricity, and water consumption) were identified, and their consumption levels were determined. The amounts of consumption were then used to calculate the carbon footprint through formulas included in the IPCC Tier 1 and Tier 2 approaches. Carbon absorption was calculated using the Net Primary Production (NPP) method, and carbon storage was determined through the IPCC Tier 1 method. The findings revealed that in the study area of 350.000 m² (45.321,15 m² for buildings, 54.678,85 m² for hard surfaces, and 250,000 m² for green spaces), carbon emissions totaled 5.577,602x10⁻³ Gg CO₂, annual carbon absorption was 2.257,27x10⁻³ Gg CO₂, and carbon storage reached 836.63x10⁻³ Gg CO₂. These values were interpreted as indicating low carbon storage performance in the study area. As a result, recommendations were developed regarding the enhancement of the study area's role as a carbon sink. Additionally, principles and guidelines for the planning and design of urban parks as carbon sink areas were emphasized.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Peyzaj Mimarlığı, Landscape Architecture, Global Warming, Carbon Footprint, Open And Green Spaces, Urban Park, Seka Park
