Bolu yöresinde yabani kirazın (Prunus avium L.) yetişme ortamı ve silvikültürel özellikleri
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Düzce Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Türkiye'de ve Avrupa'da yayılış gösteren yabani kiraz (Prunus avium L.), odunu, kerestesi ve meyvesi ile ekonomik, ekolojik ve sosyo-kültürel yönden çok değerli; yaban hayatı ve biyoçeşitlilik açısından ayrıca yüksek işlevi olan, hızlı gelişen doğal bir türümüzdür. Yabani kirazın doğal yayılışında etkili olan yetişme ortamı ve silvikültürel özelliklerine ışık tutmak amacıyla bu tez çalışması 2014-2019 yılları arasında Bolu Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü içerisinde bulunan Bolu ve Aladağ Orman İşletme Müdürlüklerine bağlı toplam 12 adet işletme şefliğinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışma alanı içerisinde toplam 126 noktada 444 adet yabani kiraz bireyi belirlenmiştir. Yetişme ortamı özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla da beş yükselti basamağında 4 bakıda yabani kirazın bulunduğu toplam 18 noktada toprak profilleri açılarak toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Yabani kiraz bireylerinin bulunduğu alanlar incelenerek bu türün yetişme ortamları tanımlanarak çeşitli ekolojik (bakı, yükseklik, eğim, toprak özellikleri) ve silvikültürel (kapalılık, sıklık, tür karışımı, çap, boy, göğüs yüzeyi, vb.) özellikleri belirlenmiştir. En yüksek ortalama göğüs çapı ve ortalama boya sahip yabani kiraz bireylerinin güney bakıda (güneşli bakıda) ve 750-1000 metreler arasında bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Kiraz bireylerini içeren en yüksek meşcere sıklığı (meşcere göğüs yüzeyi) ise kuzey bakılarda yer almıştır. Standardize edilmiş çap/yaş verilerinin bakılara göre grup ortalamalarının en az birinin diğerlerinden farklı olduğu ve güney bakıdaki ortalama standardize çap/yaş değerlerinin diğer üç bakıdan (kuzey-doğu-batı) anlamlı düzeyde farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Yabani kiraz bireylerinin ışıklı kapalılığa sahip alanlarda, eğimli arazi sınıfında (%3-36), orta yamaçlarda, kuvarsit ana kaya üzerinde, mutlak ve fizyolojik toprak derinliği bakımından orta derin topraklar üzerinde en fazla oranda bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Genel olarak "Gövde veya Münferit Karışım" göstermekle beraber nadiren "Küme Karışımı" gösterdiği alanlar da bulunmuştur. Yabani kiraz bireylerinin yükselti arttıkça gölge ağaçlarıyla (özellikle göknar) olan karışım oranının arttığı ve toprak reaksiyonu açısından da en fazla oranda zayıf asit karakterde topraklar üzerinde (pH=5.5-6.5) bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Distributed in Turkey and Europe, wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a fast-growing tree species with high economic (i.e. timber and fruit), ecologic (i.e. wildlife and biodiversity) and socio-cultural values. In order to shed light on the site and silvicultural characteristics that are effective in the natural distribution of wild cherry, this thesis study was carried out in 12 Forest Management Chiefships under Bolu and Aladağ Forest Management Directorates within Bolu Forest Regional Directorate between 2014-2019. 444 wild cherry individuals were determined at 126 points in the study area. In order to determine site characteristics, soil profiles were taken from 18 points in four aspects across five elevations with wild cherry. By examining the areas where wild cherry individuals were found, various ecological (aspect, height, slope, soil characteristics) and silvicultural characteristics (canopy closure, stand density, species composition, diameter at breast height, he,ght, stand basal area) of this species have been determined by defining the habitats of this species. It was determined that wild cherry individuals with the highest mean diameter at breast height and height were found in the south (sunny) aspects and between 750-1000 m elevations. The greatest stand densities (basal area) with wild cherry occurred on northern aspects. Standardized diameter / age data showed that at least one of the group averages was different from the others and the mean standardized diameter / age value in the south aspects was significantly different from the other three aspects. Wild cherry individuals had the highest presence on slopes (3-36%), in middle slopes, on quartzite bedrock, in terms of absolute and physiological soil depth, in medium-deep soils. In general, although it shows "scattered mixture" in the stand, it has rarely been found to be in "group mixture". With increasing elevation, wild cherry was found to be mixed with shade-tolerant trees (especially fir) more. Wild cherry was found to be growing more in weak acid soils (pH = 5.5-6.5) in terms of soil reaction.
Distributed in Turkey and Europe, wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a fast-growing tree species with high economic (i.e. timber and fruit), ecologic (i.e. wildlife and biodiversity) and socio-cultural values. In order to shed light on the site and silvicultural characteristics that are effective in the natural distribution of wild cherry, this thesis study was carried out in 12 Forest Management Chiefships under Bolu and Aladağ Forest Management Directorates within Bolu Forest Regional Directorate between 2014-2019. 444 wild cherry individuals were determined at 126 points in the study area. In order to determine site characteristics, soil profiles were taken from 18 points in four aspects across five elevations with wild cherry. By examining the areas where wild cherry individuals were found, various ecological (aspect, height, slope, soil characteristics) and silvicultural characteristics (canopy closure, stand density, species composition, diameter at breast height, he,ght, stand basal area) of this species have been determined by defining the habitats of this species. It was determined that wild cherry individuals with the highest mean diameter at breast height and height were found in the south (sunny) aspects and between 750-1000 m elevations. The greatest stand densities (basal area) with wild cherry occurred on northern aspects. Standardized diameter / age data showed that at least one of the group averages was different from the others and the mean standardized diameter / age value in the south aspects was significantly different from the other three aspects. Wild cherry individuals had the highest presence on slopes (3-36%), in middle slopes, on quartzite bedrock, in terms of absolute and physiological soil depth, in medium-deep soils. In general, although it shows "scattered mixture" in the stand, it has rarely been found to be in "group mixture". With increasing elevation, wild cherry was found to be mixed with shade-tolerant trees (especially fir) more. Wild cherry was found to be growing more in weak acid soils (pH = 5.5-6.5) in terms of soil reaction.
Açıklama
YÖK Tez No: 589207
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ormancılık ve Orman Mühendisliği, Forestry and Forest Engineering
