Ötekileştirilme, sömürü ve gündelik hayat taktikleri bağlamında göçmenler: Düzce örneği
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Düzce Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Türkiye özellikle 2011 yılından itibaren yaşadıkları iç savaş nedeniyle ülkelerini terk eden Suriye ve Irak kökenli mültecilerin ve yaşadıkları ekonomik sıkıntılar ve siyasî istikrarsızlıklar nedeniyle göç eden İran, Afganistan ve Pakistan kökenli kimselerin sığındıkları bir ülke olmuş ve dünyada en fazla sığınmacı barındıran ülke haline gelmiştir. Ankara ve İstanbul gibi metropol kentlere yakın olan Düzce ilinde tarım, hayvancılık, sanayi, inşaat ve hizmet sektöründe çalışacak iş gücü açığı bulunması, bu şehri iç göçlerin yanı sıra Suriye, Irak ve Afganistan kaynaklı dış göçlerin de yöneldiği ve göçmenlerin çalışmak ve ikamet etmek için tercih ettiği bir yer haline getirmiştir. Göç alan diğer yerler gibi Düzce'ye gelen göçmenler de sığınma amacıyla veya çalışma niyetiyle ya da Avrupa'ya geçmek için geçici olarak kalma gayesiyle gelebilmektedirler. Amaçları ne olursa olsun bu göçmenler hayatlarını devam ettirebilmek için çalışmak zorunda kalmakta ve genellikle enformel sektörlerde vasıfsız olarak, emek yoğun ve düşük ücretli işlerde çalışarak emek sömürüsüne ve ötekileştirilmeye maruz kalmaktadırlar. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin kuzey batısında yer alan Düzce iline sığınma amaçlı göç eden geçici koruma altındaki Suriyeli göçmen erkeklere, uluslararası koruma altında olan Iraklı göçmen erkeklere ve çalışma amaçlı ya da sığınma amaçlı düzenli/düzensiz olarak gelen Afgan göçmen erkeklere ötekileştirme, sömürü ve gündelik hayat taktikleri bağlamında odaklanmaktadır. Bu şekilde bir taraftan Düzce'deki sığınmacı erkeklerin iş bulma sırasında, çalışma hayatlarında ve gündelik hayatlarında yaşadıkları ötekileştirilme ve sömürü ortaya çıkartılırken, diğer taraftan da yaşadıkları zorluklar karşısında onların hayata tutunma taktiklerine, gündelik hayat sosyolojisi kuramları çerçevesinde bakılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda Lefebvre'nin gündelik hayat teorisi, De Certau'nun "gündelik hayatın keşfi"ndeki strateji ve taktik kavramları ve sembolik etkileşimci yaklaşım kuramcılarının görüşleri, yeni toplumsal normlara ve günlük yaşama dair adetlere muhatap kalan düzenli/düzensiz sığınmacıların durumu yorumlanırken dikkate alınmıştır. Ayrıca bulunduğu ve hayatını sürdürdüğü yeri muhtelif sebeplerle terk edip yabancısı olduğu bir mekânda ve ortamda yaşamak durumunda kalan insanları göç etmeye sevk eden sebepler üzerinde durulmuş, göç kararı vermek, göç hareketine dâhil olmak ve varılan yerde yeni bir hayat kurmak sürecinde sığınmacıları etkileyen etmenler ve sığınmacıların karşı karşıya kaldığı tehditler ve fırsatlar tespit edilmeye çalışılmış ve bunlar karşısında sığınmacıların kullandığı taktikler anlatılmıştır.
Turkey, especially since 2011, has been a country where refugees and asylum seekers of Syrian and Iraqi origin, who left their countries due to the civil war they have been through, and people from Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan who migrated due to economic difficulties and political instability have taken refuge, and has become the country that hosts the highest number of asylum seekers in the world. In Düzce, which is close to metropolitan cities such as Ankara and Istanbul, there is a labor shortage in agriculture, livestock, industry, construction and service sectors, and this makes this city a preferred place for work and residence for foreign immigrants from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan as well as internal immigrants. Like other places of immigration, immigrants coming to Düzce come for the purpose of asylum, as well as for work purposes or for temporary stay in order to pass to Europe. Regardless of their purpose, these immigrants have to work in order to survive. Immigrants, who generally work in informal sectors as unqualified, in intensive labor and low-paid jobs, are exposed to labor exploitation and othering. This study focus on Syrian male migrants under temporary protection, Iraqi male migrants under international protection and Afghan male migrants who come regularly/irregularly for work or asylum, who come to the province of Düzce located in the northwest of Turkey, in terms of othering, exploitation and everyday life tactics. In this way, the male migrants in Düzce, on the one hand, reveal the othering and exploitation they experience while finding a job, in their working life and in their daily lives, on the other hand, it tried to look at the tactics of clinging to life in the face of these difficulties experienced by the refugee men within the framework of the theories of daily life sociology. In this context, Lefebvre's theory of everyday life, the concepts of strategy and tactics in De Certau's "exploration of everyday life" and the views of symbolic interactionist approach theorists taken into account when interpreting the situation of regular/irregular asylum seekers who are exposed to new social norms and customs of daily life. In addition, the reasons that lead to migrate people who have to leave the place where they live and live for various reasons and live in a place and environment where they are unfamiliar will be emphasized and factors affecting asylum seekers and threats and opportunities faced by refugees in the process of making a decision to migrate, being involved in the migration movement and establishing a new life in the destination tried to be determined, and the tactics used by the refugees against them mentioned.
Turkey, especially since 2011, has been a country where refugees and asylum seekers of Syrian and Iraqi origin, who left their countries due to the civil war they have been through, and people from Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan who migrated due to economic difficulties and political instability have taken refuge, and has become the country that hosts the highest number of asylum seekers in the world. In Düzce, which is close to metropolitan cities such as Ankara and Istanbul, there is a labor shortage in agriculture, livestock, industry, construction and service sectors, and this makes this city a preferred place for work and residence for foreign immigrants from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan as well as internal immigrants. Like other places of immigration, immigrants coming to Düzce come for the purpose of asylum, as well as for work purposes or for temporary stay in order to pass to Europe. Regardless of their purpose, these immigrants have to work in order to survive. Immigrants, who generally work in informal sectors as unqualified, in intensive labor and low-paid jobs, are exposed to labor exploitation and othering. This study focus on Syrian male migrants under temporary protection, Iraqi male migrants under international protection and Afghan male migrants who come regularly/irregularly for work or asylum, who come to the province of Düzce located in the northwest of Turkey, in terms of othering, exploitation and everyday life tactics. In this way, the male migrants in Düzce, on the one hand, reveal the othering and exploitation they experience while finding a job, in their working life and in their daily lives, on the other hand, it tried to look at the tactics of clinging to life in the face of these difficulties experienced by the refugee men within the framework of the theories of daily life sociology. In this context, Lefebvre's theory of everyday life, the concepts of strategy and tactics in De Certau's "exploration of everyday life" and the views of symbolic interactionist approach theorists taken into account when interpreting the situation of regular/irregular asylum seekers who are exposed to new social norms and customs of daily life. In addition, the reasons that lead to migrate people who have to leave the place where they live and live for various reasons and live in a place and environment where they are unfamiliar will be emphasized and factors affecting asylum seekers and threats and opportunities faced by refugees in the process of making a decision to migrate, being involved in the migration movement and establishing a new life in the destination tried to be determined, and the tactics used by the refugees against them mentioned.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sosyoloji, Sociology, Uluslararası göç, International migration, Zorunlu göç, Forced emigration
