Sakarya ili ekolojik koşulları altında bazı ıspanak çeşitlerinin mildiyö hastalığına karşı reaksiyonlarının belirlenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Düzce Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Ispanak mildiyösü (Peronospora farinosa f.sp. spinaciae Byford) ıspanak yetiştiriciliğinde karşılaşılan en önemli hastalıklardan birisidir. Son yıllarda ıspanak ile ilgili ıslah çalışmalarında Peronospora farinosa f.sp. spinaciae etmeninin ırklarına karşı dayanıklı çeşitlerin geliştirilerek bu çeşitlerin geniş alanlarda yetiştiriciliğinin yapılması etmenin yeni ırklar oluşturmasına neden olmuştur. Peronospora farinosa f.sp. spinaciae etmeninin 1990'lı yıllardan önce sadece 3 ırkı tanımlıyken günümüzde 17 farklı ırkı bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma ülkemizde Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Tohumluk Tescil ve Sertifikasyon Merkez Müdürlüğü tarafından tescil edilmiş ve piyasada satılan bazı ıspanak çeşitlerinin Sakarya ili ekolojik koşulları altında mildiyö hastalığına karşı reaksiyonlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla 2018-2019 üretim sezonunda 34 ıspanak çeşidi ile yürütülmüştür. Ayrıca denemede kullanılan tohumların oospor bulaşıklığı yıkama testi yöntemine göre belirlenmiştir. Değerlendirmeler hastalığın bulunma oranı ve hastalık şiddeti dikkate alınarak yapılmıştır. Deneme Sakarya ili Bayat köyünde 2018 yılında tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre kurulmuştur. Deneme alanında ilk çıkışlar ekim tarihinden 15 gün sonran başlamış ve çeşitlere bağlı olarak 21 günde tamamlanmıştır. Mildiyö hastalığına ait ilk belirtiler 16.12.2018 tarihinde tespit edilmiştir. Denemede hastalık değerlendirmesi 27.01.2019 ve 10.02.2019 olmak üzere iki kez yapılmıştır. Deneme süresince Volans ve Amador çeşitlerinde hiç hastalık görülmemiştir. Diğer çeşitlerde ise hastalık şiddeti %0.17 ile %41.50 arasında, hastalığın bulunma oranı ise %1 ile %72.75 arasında değişmiştir. Yıkama testi protokolüne göre işlem yapılan tohumlar incelenmiş ve 34 adet ıspanak çeşidinden 6 çeşidin oospor (%17.65) ile bulaşık olduğu belirlenmiştir. Etmenin sporongiofor yapısı ise 2 çeşitte (%5.88) tespit edilmiştir. Bulaşık bulunan çeşitlerde oospor sayısının 120-1360 adet arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir.
Spinach downy mildew (Peronospora farinosa f.sp. spinaciae) is one of the most important diseases in spinach cultivation. In recent years, the development of varieties resistant to the races of Peronospora farinosa fsp spinaciae in breeding studies on spinach and the cultivation of these varieties in large areas has led to the formation of new races. While only 3 races of Peronospora farinosa f sp spinaciae were defined before the 1990s, today there are 17 different races. This study was conducted with 34 spinach varieties registered by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Seed Registration and Certification Center Directorate in our country in the 2018-2019 production seasons in order to determine the reactions of some spinach varieties sold in the market against mildew under the ecological conditions of Sakarya. In addition, the oospore contamination of the seeds used in the experiment was determined according to the washing test method. Evaluations were made considering the disease incidence and the disease severity. The trial was established in the village of Bayat in Sakarya province in 2018 according to the randomized blocks trial design. First exits in the experimental area started 15 days after the planting date and were completed in 21 days depending on the varieties. The first symptoms of Mildew disease were detected on 16.12.2018. In the experiment, the disease was evaluated twice in dates of 27.01.2019 and 10.02.2019. During the experiment, no disease was observed in Volans and Amador varieties. In other varieties, the severity of the disease varied between 0.17% and 41.50%, and the incidence rate varied between 1% and 72.75%. The seeds were examined according to the washing test protocol and contaminated seeds by oospores determined in 6 of 34 (17.65%) spinach varieties. The sporongiophore structure of the pathogen was determined in 2 varieties (5.88%). It was determined that the number of oospores varied between 120-1360.
Spinach downy mildew (Peronospora farinosa f.sp. spinaciae) is one of the most important diseases in spinach cultivation. In recent years, the development of varieties resistant to the races of Peronospora farinosa fsp spinaciae in breeding studies on spinach and the cultivation of these varieties in large areas has led to the formation of new races. While only 3 races of Peronospora farinosa f sp spinaciae were defined before the 1990s, today there are 17 different races. This study was conducted with 34 spinach varieties registered by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Seed Registration and Certification Center Directorate in our country in the 2018-2019 production seasons in order to determine the reactions of some spinach varieties sold in the market against mildew under the ecological conditions of Sakarya. In addition, the oospore contamination of the seeds used in the experiment was determined according to the washing test method. Evaluations were made considering the disease incidence and the disease severity. The trial was established in the village of Bayat in Sakarya province in 2018 according to the randomized blocks trial design. First exits in the experimental area started 15 days after the planting date and were completed in 21 days depending on the varieties. The first symptoms of Mildew disease were detected on 16.12.2018. In the experiment, the disease was evaluated twice in dates of 27.01.2019 and 10.02.2019. During the experiment, no disease was observed in Volans and Amador varieties. In other varieties, the severity of the disease varied between 0.17% and 41.50%, and the incidence rate varied between 1% and 72.75%. The seeds were examined according to the washing test protocol and contaminated seeds by oospores determined in 6 of 34 (17.65%) spinach varieties. The sporongiophore structure of the pathogen was determined in 2 varieties (5.88%). It was determined that the number of oospores varied between 120-1360.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture, Irk, Race, Mildiyö, Mildews
