Düzce ili tarım topraklarında ağır metal kirliliğinin belirlenmesi
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2025
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Düzce Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Düzce, Karadeniz Bölgesi'nin batı kısmında yer alan tarımsal faaliyetlerin yoğun olarak gerçekleştirildiği bir ildir. Bu çalışmada, Düzce ili kent merkezi ve ilçelerini temsil edecek şekilde seçilen 15 örnekleme noktasından tarım, 15 örnekleme noktasından ise tarım dışı alan toprağı numuneleri alınmıştır. Her bir örnekleme noktasında kompozit numuneler oluşturabilmek için, seçilen alanda zikzak bir desende belirli mesafelerde en az 5 noktadan, yerin 30 cm derinliğinde homojen bloklar şeklinde örnekler toplanmıştır. Çalışmada, toprak örneklerinin elementel analizleri indüktif eşleşmiş plazma optik emisyon spektroskopisi (ICP-OES) (Perkin Elmer AVİO 200) cihazı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar incelendiğinde hem tarım topraklarında hem de tarım dışı alan topraklarında en yüksek aritmetik ortalamalara sahip olan elementlerin sırasıyla Si, Al, Fe, Ca ve K elementleri olduğu, en düşük aritmetik ortalamaya sahip elementlerin ise Cd, As, Mo, Pb ve Sn olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Bölgede tarım ve tarım dışı alan topraklarının kirlenme derecesinin anlaşılabilmesi için çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı'nın Toprak Kirliliğinin Kontrolü Yönetmeliğinde belirtilen sınır değerleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Yapılan değerlendirmeler, sonuçların sınır değerlerden genellikle düşük olduğunu göstermiştir. Çalışmada metal kirliliği düzeylerinin anlaşılabilmesi amacı ile Zenginleşme Faktörü (EF), Jeobirikim İndeksi (lgeo), Kirlilik Faktörü (CF), Kirlilik Yük İndeksi (PLI) ve Potansiyel Ekolojik Risk Faktörü (ERI) ile Risk İndeksi (PERI) hesaplanmıştır. Kirlilik yükü parametreleri incelendiğinde yalnızca Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb elementleri için kirlenme tespit edilebilmiştir. Örneklenen toprakların kirletici kaynaklarının belirlenebilmesi için yapılan korelasyon ve temel bileşen analizi yöntemleri ile birlikte örnekleme bölgesi için hazırlanan dağılım haritaları incelendiğinde trafik, yanma, endüstri, tarımsal faaliyetler gibi kirletici kaynaklarının bölgedeki doğal toprak bileşimini etkilediği görülmüştür.
Düzce is a province located in the western part of the Black Sea Region where agricultural activities are intensive. In the study, soil samples were collected from 15 sampling points selected to represent agricultural soil and 15 sampling points selected to represent non-agricultural soil in the city center and the districts of Düzce. In order to create homogeneous composite samples at each sampling point, samples were collected from at least 5 points at a depth of 30 cm at certain distances in a zigzag pattern. In the study, elemental analyses of soil samples were carried out using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) (Perkin Elmer AVİO 200) device. When the results obtained in the study were examined, it was understood that the elements with the highest arithmetic means in both agricultural and non-agricultural soils were Si, Al, Fe, Ca and K, respectively, while the elements with the lowest arithmetic means were Cd, As, Mo, Pb and Sn, respectively. In order to evaluate the degree of pollution in agricultural and non-agricultural soils in the region, the results obtained in the study were compared with the threshold values specified in the Soil Pollution Control Regulation of the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change. It was observed that the results were mostly below the threshold values given in the relevant regulation. In the study, Enrichment Factor (EF), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Contamination Factor (CF), Pollution Load Index (PLI), Potential Ecological Risk Factor (ERI), and Risk Index (PERI) were calculated to evaluate the levels of metal contamination. When the pollution load parameters were examined, pollution was detected only for Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb elements. When the distribution maps prepared for the sampling region were investigated together with the correlation and principal component analysis methods to identfy the pollutant sources of the sampled soils, it was observed that pollutant sources such as traffic, combustion, industry, and agricultural activities affected the natural soil composition in the region.
Düzce is a province located in the western part of the Black Sea Region where agricultural activities are intensive. In the study, soil samples were collected from 15 sampling points selected to represent agricultural soil and 15 sampling points selected to represent non-agricultural soil in the city center and the districts of Düzce. In order to create homogeneous composite samples at each sampling point, samples were collected from at least 5 points at a depth of 30 cm at certain distances in a zigzag pattern. In the study, elemental analyses of soil samples were carried out using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) (Perkin Elmer AVİO 200) device. When the results obtained in the study were examined, it was understood that the elements with the highest arithmetic means in both agricultural and non-agricultural soils were Si, Al, Fe, Ca and K, respectively, while the elements with the lowest arithmetic means were Cd, As, Mo, Pb and Sn, respectively. In order to evaluate the degree of pollution in agricultural and non-agricultural soils in the region, the results obtained in the study were compared with the threshold values specified in the Soil Pollution Control Regulation of the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change. It was observed that the results were mostly below the threshold values given in the relevant regulation. In the study, Enrichment Factor (EF), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Contamination Factor (CF), Pollution Load Index (PLI), Potential Ecological Risk Factor (ERI), and Risk Index (PERI) were calculated to evaluate the levels of metal contamination. When the pollution load parameters were examined, pollution was detected only for Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb elements. When the distribution maps prepared for the sampling region were investigated together with the correlation and principal component analysis methods to identfy the pollutant sources of the sampled soils, it was observed that pollutant sources such as traffic, combustion, industry, and agricultural activities affected the natural soil composition in the region.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Çevre Mühendisliği, Environmental Engineering
