Bakara Sûresinin Seksen Birinci Âyetinin Anlamı ve İçeriği Üzerine bir Değerlendirme
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2024
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Yerkürenin halifeleri ve en değerlileri olan insanlar, yüce Allah’ı bilmek, tanımak ve O’na ibadet etmek amacı ile yaratılmıştır. Bu görevini yerine getirebilmesi için ona iyiyi kötüden, doğruyu yanlıştan ayırabilecek yetenek ve akıl verilmiş, bununla yetinilmemiş peygamber ve kitaplarla kendisine rehberlik edilmiş, dünyanın imtihan yeri olduğu, yaşamın bu hayattan ibaret olmadığı, bir gün kıyametin kopacağı, ölülerin diriltileceği, hesaba çekileceği, sonuçta mü’minlerin cennete, kâfirlerin cehenneme gideceği bildirilmiştir. Sınava tabi tutulan insanın özgür olması gerekir. Yüce Allah da insanlara özgürlük vermiş, onları, ibadet edip etmemekte ve kulluk görevlerini yerine getirip getirmemekte özgür bırakmıştır. Bu özgürlük içerisinde iman edenler, inkâr edenler, Allah ve peygamberine itaat edenler ve isyan edenler olagelmiştir. Yüce Allah, inkâr ve isyan edenlere, bu günahlarından kurtulmak için tövbe imkânı vermiştir. Kâfir insan, iman ederse mü’min olur ve günahlarından kurtulur. Mü’min insan, günah işler, sonra tövbe ederse günahından temizlenir. Mü’min insanın namaz kılmamak gibi ilâhî bir emri yerine getirmez, haksız yere cana kıymak gibi bir yasağı işler ve tövbe etmeden ölürse ahirette cehennemle cezalandırılıp cezalandırılmayacağı, cezalandırılmak için cehenneme atılırsa burada sürekli kalıp kalmayacağı konusunda İslam âlimleri ihtilaf etmiştir. Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’de bu ihtilafa sebep olan âyetler vardır. Bunlardan biri Bakara sûresinin 81’inci âyetidir. Bu âyette geçen “seyyie” ve “hatîe” kelimeleri şirk ve inkâr anlamına gelebileceği gibi herhangi bir büyük günah anlamına da gelebilir. Bu kelimelere Mu‘tezile âlimleri büyük günah anlamı vermişler, büyük günah işleyen mü’minlerin tövbe etmeden ölürlerse ebedî cehennemde kalacaklarını savunmuşlardır. Buna karşılık Ehl-i Sünnet âlimleri, günahına tövbe etmeden ölen mü’minleri Allah’ın affedebileceğini, affetmese bile mü’mini cehennemde sürekli bırakmayacağını, imanın mükâfatı olarak cennetine koyacağını savunmuşlardır.
Human beings, the caliphs and most valuable people of the earth, were created for the purpose of knowing, recognizing and worshiping Almighty Allah. In order to fulfill this duty, he was given the ability and intelligence to distinguish good from evil, right from wrong, and was not satisfied with this, but was guided by prophets and books; As a result, it has been stated that believers will go to heaven and unbelievers will go to hell. The person who is put to the test must be free. Almighty Allah also gave freedom to people, freeing them to worship or not to worship and to fulfill their duties as servants or not. Within this freedom, there have been those who be-lieved, those who disbelieved, those who obeyed Allah and the Prophet and those who rebelled. Almighty Allah has given those who deny and rebel the opportunity to repent in order to get rid of their sins. If an unbeliever believes, he becomes a believer and is saved from his sins. If a believer commits a sin and then repents, he will be purified from his sins. Islamic scholars have disagreed about whether a believer will be punished with hell in the afterlife if he does not fulfill a divine order such as not praying, commits a prohibition such as unjustly killing a person, and dies without repenting. If he is thrown into hell to be punished, whether he will stay there permanently or not. There are verses in the Holy Quran that cause this conflict. One of these verses is the 81st verse of the Surah Baqara. The words "seyyie" and "hatîe" used in this verse can mean polytheism and denial, or they can mean any major sin. Mutazila scholars gave the meaning of great sin to these words and argued that believers who committed great sins would remain in eternal hell if they died without repenting. On the other hand, Ahl al-Sunnah scholars have argued that Allah can forgive believers who die without repenting for their sins, and even if He does not forgive them, He will not leave the believer in hell forever and will take them to heaven as a reward for faith.
Human beings, the caliphs and most valuable people of the earth, were created for the purpose of knowing, recognizing and worshiping Almighty Allah. In order to fulfill this duty, he was given the ability and intelligence to distinguish good from evil, right from wrong, and was not satisfied with this, but was guided by prophets and books; As a result, it has been stated that believers will go to heaven and unbelievers will go to hell. The person who is put to the test must be free. Almighty Allah also gave freedom to people, freeing them to worship or not to worship and to fulfill their duties as servants or not. Within this freedom, there have been those who be-lieved, those who disbelieved, those who obeyed Allah and the Prophet and those who rebelled. Almighty Allah has given those who deny and rebel the opportunity to repent in order to get rid of their sins. If an unbeliever believes, he becomes a believer and is saved from his sins. If a believer commits a sin and then repents, he will be purified from his sins. Islamic scholars have disagreed about whether a believer will be punished with hell in the afterlife if he does not fulfill a divine order such as not praying, commits a prohibition such as unjustly killing a person, and dies without repenting. If he is thrown into hell to be punished, whether he will stay there permanently or not. There are verses in the Holy Quran that cause this conflict. One of these verses is the 81st verse of the Surah Baqara. The words "seyyie" and "hatîe" used in this verse can mean polytheism and denial, or they can mean any major sin. Mutazila scholars gave the meaning of great sin to these words and argued that believers who committed great sins would remain in eternal hell if they died without repenting. On the other hand, Ahl al-Sunnah scholars have argued that Allah can forgive believers who die without repenting for their sins, and even if He does not forgive them, He will not leave the believer in hell forever and will take them to heaven as a reward for faith.
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Anahtar Kelimeler
Tefsir|Âyet|Seyyie|hatîe|şirk|günah|Tafsir|Verse|Seyyie|Hatîe|Polytheism|Sin
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