Biyodizel yakıt karışımları ile çalışan bir motorda püskürtme basıncının motor performansına ve egzoz emisyonlarına olan etkileri
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Düzce Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Dizel yakıtlar birçok alanda kullanılmakta ve ülke ekonomisinde önemli bir yer teşkil etmektedir. Biyodizel, dizel motorları için, bitkisel ve hayvansal yağlar gibi yenilenebilir kaynaklardan üretilebilen, toksin olmayan, doğada kolay bozunabilir, çevreci alternatif bir yakıttır. Alternatif bir yakıt; teknik olarak uygulanabilir, ekonomik olarak geleneksel dizel yakıtla rekabet edebilir, çevresel açıdan güvenli ve kolay temin edilebilir olmalıdır. Dizel yakıtlarda bulunan kükürt bileşikleri atmosfere yayılarak sülfürik asit yağmurlarına yol açarken bitkisel yağların sülfür içerikleri sıfıra yakın olduğundan çevresel açıdan daha güvenlidirler. Avrupa Birliği'nin 2003/30/EC direktifi ile 2005 sonunda piyasaya arz edilen fosil yakıtlara %2 oranında biyoyakıt eklenmesi zorunluluğu getirilmiştir. Rudolph DIESEL ilk olarak 1893'te Almanya'da kendi icadı olan motorunun denemesini gerçekleştirmiş ve 1898'te Paris Dünya Fuarı'nda yer fıstığı yağını yakıt olarak kullanan motorunu sergilemiştir. 1911 yılında "Bitkisel yağların motor yakıtı olarak kullanımının ülkelerin tarımının gelişimine ciddi bir katkısı olacağını" ifade etmiş ve 1912'de "Bitkisel yağların motorlarda tercih edilmesi günümüzde önemsiz görünebilir, ancak bitkisel yağlar zamanla petrol ve kömür katranı kadar önem kazanacak" demiştir. Bu çalışmada, biyodizel yakıtlar direk püskürtme sistemine sahip tek silindirli dizel motorda farklı karışım oranlarında ve iki farklı yakıt püskürtme basınçlarında test edilmiştir. Deneyler tam yük altında farklı motor devirlerinde yapılmıştır. Biyodizel-dizel yakıt karışımlarının motor performansına, yanmaya ve egzoz emisyonlarına olan etkileri deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Deneyler öncelikle referans dizel yakıt ile yapılmıştır. Referans dizel yakıtı ve biyodizel yakıtlar ile elde edilen deneysel sonuçlar kıyaslanmıştır.
Diesel fuels have been used in many fields and constituted significant place in economy of the country. Biodiesel is a non-toxic, decayable easily in nature, environmentally friendly alternative fuel for diesel engines that can be obtained from renewable sources such as vegetable and animal oils. An alternative fuel must be technically feasible, economically competitive with conventional diesel fuel, safe in terms of environmental and also obtainable eaisly. While sulfur compounds in diesel fuels spread into the atmosphere and cause sulfuric acid rain, vegetable oils are safer in terms of environmental due to the fact that their sulfur content is close to zero. With Directive 2003/30/EC of The European Union, for fossil fuels supplied to the market at the end of 2005 it was become compulsory to be added 2% biofuels to these fuels. In 1893 Rudolph DIESEL first experimented with engine which is his own invention in Germany, and in 1898, at the Paris World's Fair, he exhibited his engine using his peanut oil as a fuel. In 1911, he stated that the use of vegetable oils as engine fuels will significantly contribute to the development of agriculture of the countries and said in 1912, the preference of vegetable oils in engines could seen insignificant today, however vegetable oils will gain importance as oil and coal tar in progress of time. In this study, biodiesel fuels have been tested at different mixing ratios and two different fuel injection pressures in a single cylinder diesel engine with direct injection system. The experiments have been carried out under full load at different engine speeds. The effects of biodiesel-diesel fuel blends on engine performance, combustion and exhaust emissions have been experimentally investigated. The experiments have been conducted primarily with reference diesel fuel. The experimental results have been compared with reference diesel fuel and biodiesel fuels.
Diesel fuels have been used in many fields and constituted significant place in economy of the country. Biodiesel is a non-toxic, decayable easily in nature, environmentally friendly alternative fuel for diesel engines that can be obtained from renewable sources such as vegetable and animal oils. An alternative fuel must be technically feasible, economically competitive with conventional diesel fuel, safe in terms of environmental and also obtainable eaisly. While sulfur compounds in diesel fuels spread into the atmosphere and cause sulfuric acid rain, vegetable oils are safer in terms of environmental due to the fact that their sulfur content is close to zero. With Directive 2003/30/EC of The European Union, for fossil fuels supplied to the market at the end of 2005 it was become compulsory to be added 2% biofuels to these fuels. In 1893 Rudolph DIESEL first experimented with engine which is his own invention in Germany, and in 1898, at the Paris World's Fair, he exhibited his engine using his peanut oil as a fuel. In 1911, he stated that the use of vegetable oils as engine fuels will significantly contribute to the development of agriculture of the countries and said in 1912, the preference of vegetable oils in engines could seen insignificant today, however vegetable oils will gain importance as oil and coal tar in progress of time. In this study, biodiesel fuels have been tested at different mixing ratios and two different fuel injection pressures in a single cylinder diesel engine with direct injection system. The experiments have been carried out under full load at different engine speeds. The effects of biodiesel-diesel fuel blends on engine performance, combustion and exhaust emissions have been experimentally investigated. The experiments have been conducted primarily with reference diesel fuel. The experimental results have been compared with reference diesel fuel and biodiesel fuels.
Açıklama
YÖK Tez No: 579345
Anahtar Kelimeler
Makine Mühendisliği, Mechanical Engineering
