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Öğe ANTITERMITIC EFFECTS OF THREE WOOD STAIN TREATMENTS(Univ Bio-Bio, 2014) Taşçıoğlu, Cihat; Budakçı, Mehmet; Yoshimura, TsuyoshiPotential antitermitic properties of some common wood stains were tested against Coptotermes formosanus. Four different wood species treated with 3 different stain chemicals at the 0,1 kg/m(2) retention level were exposed to no-choice termite feeding test in laboratory conditions. Mean mass loses, mortality rates and consumption rates were calculated based on weight changes before and after the test. While the hardwood species (beech and chestnut) tested were unaffected by the treatments, the softwood species tested showed drastically reduced mass losses with some stain treatments. Scots pine and spruce sapwood exhibited significant reductions in mass losses when treated with the chemical stain.Öğe Biological decay and termite resistance of post- treated wood-based composites under protected above-ground conditions: A preliminary study after 36 months of exposure(2013) Taşçıoğlu, Cihat; Yoshimura, Tsuyoshi; Tsunoda, KunioFive kinds of commercially available wood-based composites (softwood plywood, hardwood plywood, medium density fiberboard, oriented strand board, and particle board, hereinafter abbreviated as SWP, HWP, MDF, OSB, and PB, respectively) post-treated with alkaline copper quat (ACQ) and copper azole (CA) were exposed to decay and subterranean termite activity under protected above-ground conditions in a southern Japan field test site for three years. Variables examined included comparisons of untreated and treated wood-based composites, preservative type, and retention levels. Both biological attacks developed with time. Termite damage started earlier, and the severity of attack was higher than decay fungi. Untreated MDF and PB were highly resistant to field conditions during the 36 months. Untreated OSB, HWP, and SWP were the least resistant composite types. ACQ and CA treatments significantly improved the durability of the wood-based composites resulting in 64.4%, 47.9%, and 22.5% higher termite ratings when compared to their untreated controls for OSB, HWP, and SWP, respectively. Preservative types and increased retentions did not significantly affect the decay and termite ratings. These results suggest that ACQ and CA post-treatments at exterior protected and unprotected (K3) and double K3 retention levels significantly improved durability of wood-based composites tested but failed to provide full protection.Öğe Biological Decay and Termite Resistance of Post-Treated Wood-Based Composites under Protected Above-Ground Conditions: A Preliminary Study after 36 Months of Exposure(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2013) Taşçıoğlu, Cihat; Yoshimura, Tsuyoshi; Tsunoda, KunioFive kinds of commercially available wood-based composites (softwood plywood, hardwood plywood, medium density fiberboard, oriented strand board, and particle board, hereinafter abbreviated as SWP, HWP, MDF, OSB, and PB, respectively) post-treated with alkaline copper quat (ACQ) and copper azole (CA) were exposed to decay and subterranean termite activity under protected above-ground conditions in a southern Japan field test site for three years. Variables examined included comparisons of untreated and treated wood-based composites, preservative type, and retention levels. Both biological attacks developed with time. Termite damage started earlier, and the severity of attack was higher than decay fungi. Untreated MDF and PB were highly resistant to field conditions during the 36 months. Untreated OSB, HWP, and SWP were the least resistant composite types. ACQ and CA treatments significantly improved the durability of the wood-based composites resulting in 64.4%, 47.9%, and 22.5% higher termite ratings when compared to their untreated controls for OSB, HWP, and SWP, respectively. Preservative types and increased retentions did not significantly affect the decay and termite ratings. These results suggest that ACQ and CA post-treatments at exterior protected and unprotected (K3) and double K3 retention levels significantly improved durability of wood-based composites tested but failed to provide full protection.Öğe Biological performance of wood-plastic composites containing zinc borate: Laboratory and 3-year field test results(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2013) Taşçıoğlu, Cihat; Yoshimura, Tsuyoshi; Tsunoda, KunioSix different formulations of wood-plastic composites (WPC) fabricated from wood and polypropylene (PP) were tested in the laboratory against decay and termites and in a protected above-ground field test in southern Japan. Variables examined included comparisons of untreated and zinc borate (ZnB) incorporated formulations, wood content ratio, wood particle size and increased surface area via surface grooves (channels) to promote moisture infusion. A standard method originally designed to test durability of solid wood was modified for testing WPC. Wood decay fungi and Formosan subterranean termite activity in laboratory and field tests resulted in different mass losses, post-decay moisture contents and field test ratings depending on their wood and ZnB content. The results show that as wood content increased, mass losses also increased. Addition of ZnB at 1% (w/w) retention level significantly decreased mass losses of wood-plastic composite when exposed to laboratory decay and termite tests. The effects of surface grooves and wood particle size were less important, compared to wood particle content. All WPC tested were highly resistant to fungal decay under protected above-ground field conditions during 36 months. Termite attack, on the other hand, started at earlier stage reducing mean ratings 1 year after the installation. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Biological performance of zinc borate-incorporated particleboard: Effects of leaching on efficacy(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2014) Taşçıoğlu, Cihat; Umemura, Kenji; Yoshimura, Tsuyoshi; Tsunoda, KunioThe decay and termite resistance and effects of a robust leaching process on the efficacy of zinc borate-incorporated particleboard were examined. Particleboards (300 x 300 x 15 mm) prepared from particles of mixed wood species generated from demolished construction materials were incorporated with zinc borate at target retentions of 0%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% of the particle weight. An in-line treatment method was utilized to introduce the powdered chemical during the blending stage. ICP analysis indicated that the amount of zinc borate was not lost during manufacturing. Standard static bending tests demonstrated that there was no significant loss in mechanical properties. The decay and termite tests indicated that the efficacy of zinc borate at a higher retention was enough to suppress the biological activity, even after application of a robust leaching process. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Durability Ratings of Post-treated Wood-based Composites after 14 Years of Field Exposure(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2024) Tascioglu, Cihat; Yoshimura, Tsuyoshi; Ohmura, WakakoSeveral commercial wood -based composites (softwood plywood [SWP], hardwood plywood [HWP], medium -density fiberboard [MDF], oriented strand board [OSB], and particleboard) [PB]) were post -treated with alkaline copper quat and copper azole at two different retention levels. The treated specimens were installed on concrete blocks covered with 5 -sided PVC boxes simulating the crawl space conditions (protected aboveground) in Japanese houses in Southern Japan where decay and termite activity are high. The experimental variables are a comparison of treated versus untreated, preservative type and retention levels. During 14 years of exposure, the specimens were biannually visually rated. In general, termite damage became visible earlier and the harshness of attack was higher when compared to decay damage. The untreated and treated MDFs were the most resistant under the protected above ground conditions at the end of 14 years exposure. Particleboard durability performance followed the MDF rating during the same period. The untreated OSB, HWP, and SWP were the least resistant composite types. The treatments substantially increased the durability of the mentioned composite types by 317.6%, 80.5%, and 133% higher termite grading when correlated to their untreated controls, respectfully, yet they failed to maintain full protection. Based on statistical analysis, preservative types and retention levels did not significantly affect decay and termite ratings.Öğe Mold and Larvae Resistance of Wood-Based Composites Incorporating Sodium Fluoride(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2020) Tascioglu, Cihat; Umemura, Kenji; Kusuma, Sukma; Kose, Coskun; Yalcin, Mesut; Akcay, Caglar; Yoshimura, TsuyoshiThe efficacy of particleboards manufactured with sodium fluoride against mold fungi and Hylotrupes bajulus (L.) larvae was tested. Laboratory-size particleboards were manufactured from untreated wood particles with inclusion of fine sodium fluoride (NaF) at the 1, 1.5, and 3% levels relative to total particle weight. Sodium fluoride was introduced as powder during the manufacturing process just before blending resin with wood particles. The laboratory mold test indicated that even the lowest level of retention of NaF with or without leaching significantly reduced mold growth on particleboard surfaces when compared to the untreated control specimens. The increased retention of NaF from 1% to 3% further suppressed mold growth towards lowest levels even on leached specimens. The laboratory Hylotrupes bajulus larvae tests revealed that the particleboard environment with or without NaF is not appropriate for larvacidial activity. While the tested biocide, NaF, tested positive against mold growth on particleboard surfaces, no effect was determined relative to larval deaths.Öğe Potential utilization of sodium fluoride (NaF) as a biocide in particleboard production(Springer Japan Kk, 2017) Taşçıoğlu, Cihat; Umemura, Kenji; Kusuma, Sukma S.; Yoshimura, TsuyoshiThe feasibility of sodium fluoride (NaF) incorporation as a biocide in the manufacture of particleboard was examined. Laboratory-scale particleboards prepared from untreated wood particles were incorporated with NaF powder at target retentions of 1, 1.5 and 3% of the total particle weight. An in-line treatment method was used to introduce the biocide during the blending stage just before adhesive application. Standard static bending and water resistance (water absorption and thickness swelling) tests indicated that embedding of the powder biocide up to the 3% level did not cause any detrimental effects on mechanical and physical properties. The laboratory decay and termite resistance tests showed that even the lower retention levels of 1 and 1.5% NaF were enough to suppress fungal and termite activity and significantly reduce the mass loss and consumption rate values of the specimens when compared to the untreated controls. Spectrophotometric analysis of leachate waters and the mass losses of the leached specimens revealed the tendency of the NaF to be depleted from the composite specimens. Therefore, the tested biocide was found to be appropriate for interior or protected above-ground outdoor exposure conditions.Öğe Seventh-year durability evaluation of zinc borate incorporated wood-plastic composites and particleboard(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2018) Taşçıoğlu, Cihat; Umemura, Kenji; Yoshimura, TsuyoshiSeveral formulations of wood-plastic composites and a particleboard were fabricated with combining zinc borate biocide at different retention levels during the manufacturing process. The treated specimens were exposed to a field test under protected above ground conditions for 7 years in southern Japan. During biannual inspections, the specimens were visually inspected and graded for decay and Formosan subterranean termite damage. While zinc borate retention levels tested were able to protect the particleboards from decay activity for 7 years, their efficacy was lower against termite attack. The retention levels tested up to 2% (w/w) helped to reduce termite damage noticeably but failed from full protection (e.g. rating 10) indicating higher zinc borate loadings are required in particleboards if they will be utilized in southern Japan climatic conditions. Wood-plastic composites were also more durable against fungal damage during the 7 years exposure period but this condition seems changed last 18 months since some lower decay ratings were recorded even for zinc borate embedded formulations. While termite destruction diminished significantly with zinc borate integrated formulations, higher retentions might be recommended as threshold for full protection in wood-polypropylene composites.Öğe Termite resistance of solid wood and plywood treated with quaternary ammonia compounds and common fire retardants(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2011) Terzi, Evren; Taşçıoğlu, Cihat; Kartal, S. Nami; Yoshimura, TsuyoshiThe ability of termites to attack solid wood and plywood treated with quaternary ammonia compounds and common fire retardants was evaluated. The plywood and solid-wood specimens treated with either monoammonium phosphate (MAP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium sulfate (AS), didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), or didecyl dimethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate (DBF) were subjected to termite resistance tests using the subterranean termites Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki under laboratory conditions. The lowest mass losses and the highest termite mortalities were obtained for the solid-wood and plywood specimens treated with DDAC and DBF. Higher termite mortalities were seen in the plywood specimens treated with the fire retardants when compared to the solid-wood specimens. The MAP, DAP, and AS treatments lowered the mass losses in both solid-wood and plywood specimens in comparison with control specimens; however, DBF and DDAC protected specimens well against termite attack at both concentration levels tested. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
