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    Effect of thermal modification on the properties of narrow-leaved ash and chestnut
    (Elsevier, 2012) Korkut, Süleyman; Korkut, Derya Sevim; Kocaefe, Duygu; Elustondo, Diego; Bajraktari, Agron; Çakıcıer, Nevzat
    The concept of thermal modification has evolved from a challenging research program to commercial reality in several European countries in recent years. The aim of this study is to determine the change of various physical properties (oven-dry density, air-dry density, weight loss, swelling and anti-swelling efficiency (ASE)), compression strength parallel to grain, colour difference (Delta E), glossiness and surface roughness of narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) and chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) woods after heat treatment under different temperatures and durations. For this study two different temperatures (160 degrees C and 180 degrees C) and two different durations (2h and 4h) were considered. A stylus method was employed to evaluate the surface characteristics of the samples. Roughness measurements by the stylus method were made in the direction perpendicular to the fiber. Four main roughness parameters which are mean arithmetic deviation of profile (RA, mean peak-to-valley height (R-z), root mean square roughness (R-q), and maximum roughness (R-y) obtained from the surface of wood were used to evaluate the effect of heat treatment on the surface characteristics of the specimens. The properties studied were significantly different (p=0.05) at two temperatures and two durations of heat treatment. Based on the findings of this study, the results showed that oven-dry density, air-dry density, swelling, compression strength parallel to grain and surface roughness decreases with increasing heat treatment temperature and time. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    EVALUATION OF KILN-DRYING SCHEDULES FOR WILD CHERRY WOOD (CERASUS AVIUM)
    (Univ Bio-Bio, 2013) Korkut, Süleyman; Ünsal, Öner; Kocaefe, Duygu; Aytin, Ayhan; Gökyar, Aslı
    Wild cherry wood (Cerasus avium) lumber with a nominal thickness of 5 cm from Duzce region in Turkey was dried through conventional kiln drying using two different programs which are unprotective drying schedules, and protective drying schedules. The aim was to obtain the most desirable kiln schedule for keeping the wood quality at an appropriate level up to final moisture content of 12 +/- 2% was reached. Intensity of warping (twist, bow, cup, crook) occurrence, superficial, internal and end checks, residual stresses, drying rate, and moisture gradient in the dried woods were measured, and the results were analyzed. The results showed that there was a more homogeneous moisture profile, fewer occurrences of superficial checks, and absence of internal checks in the protective drying schedules due to low warping values compared to the unprotective drying schedules. Therefore, it seems that protective drying schedules might be recommended as optimum program for wild cherry lumber drying at commercial scale from Duzce region.