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  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    Characterization of Apelin/APJ Axis Expression in Normal Testicular Tissue, Germ Cell Neoplasia in Situ, and Testicular Seminoma
    (2023) Soylu, Hakan; Ünal, Betül; Aksu, Kubra; Karacor, Kayihan; Beyazçiçek, Özge; Üstünel, İsmail
    Aim: A testicular germ cell tumour is not observed widely, but its incidence and mortality rates have increased in recent years. One of the most common forms of this tumour is seminoma. Germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) is the precursor of seminoma. The apelin/APJ axis is increased in many cancers and is a pathway that plays an active role in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, tumour growth, and migration. This study investigated the cellular distributions of apelin and APJ protein expressions in normal testicular tissue (TT), GCNIS, and seminoma.Material and Methods: Tissues from 18 patients who had undergone orchiectomy were used in this study. These tissues include areas of normal TT, GCNIS, and seminoma. Immunolocalisation of apelin and APJ were identified through the immunohistochemical method.Results: Apelin expression was significantly increased in seminoma and GCNIS compared to normal. Apelin expression were the same in GCNIS and seminoma. APJ expression was significantly increased in seminoma compared to normal and GCNIS. Normal and GCNIS APJ expressions were similar.Conclusion: Expressions of apelin and APJ proteins were significantly increased in seminoma in our study. Our findings were consistent with the results of relevant studies as increased expression of apelin/APJ has been observed in many different cancers. It can be predicted that the increase of this pathway in seminoma may support angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, migration, and metastasis. Therefore, the increase in mortality rates in seminoma patients may be related to apelin/APJ axis. Ultimately, the use of inhibitors of this pathway in these patients may reduce their mortality rate. New studies are needed before these inhibitors can be used clinically.
  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    Deneysel Omurilik Yaralanmasında İsotretinoinin Nörorejenerasyon Üzerine Klinik ve Histopatolojik Etkileri
    (Düzce Üniversitesi, 2024) Şensoy, Doğan; Polat, Ömer; Kılıç, Güven; Yakupoğlu, Muammer; Karacor, Kayihan
    Amaç: Omurilik yaralanması önemli bir sorundur ve henüz tam olarak etkili bir tedavi geliştirilememiştir. İsotretinoin, anti-inflamatuar etkisiyle bilinen bir retinoiddir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yaralanma sonrası sinir dokusu üzerinde isotretinoinin olumlu bir etkisinin olup olmadığını değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Toplam 36 sıçan kontrol, sham ve travma ile 14 günlük 7,5 mg/kg/gün, 28 günlük 7,5 mg/kg/gün, 14 günlük 15 mg/kg/gün ve 28 günlük 15 mg/kg/gün isotretinoin grupları olmak üzere 6 gruba ayrıldı. Sıçanlara laminektomi yapıldı ve omurilik yaralanması klip kompresyon tekniği kullanılarak oluşturuldu. Nörolojik muayene 1, 7, 14 ve 28. günlerde yapıldı. Tedavi süresinden sonra tüm sıçanlar öldürüldü ve histopatolojik değerlendirme için omurilik örnekleri toplandı.Bulgular: 7,5 mg/kg/gün (p=0,048) ve 15 mg/kg/gün (p
  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    Effect of Hydroxytyrosol on Prdx6 Expression in Diabetic Rat Liver
    (Duzce Univ, Fac Medicine, 2023) Almali, Eda Nur; Karacor, Kayihan; Soylu, Hakan
    Aim: Oxidative stress caused by hyperglycemia, which is the most important complication of diabetes mellitus, causes liver damage. Hydroxytyrosol is a polyphenolic compound abundant in olive oil that protects the liver against oxidative damage. Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is an anti-oxidative enzyme known to exist in the liver. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydroxytyrosol on Prdx6 expression in diabetes-induced liver injury. Material and Methods: Male Wistar rats were grouped into four as the control group (n=10), hydroxytyrosol group (n=10), streptozotocin group (n=10), and hydroxytyrosol+streptozotocin group (n=10). Blood glucose levels of the animals were measured after streptozotocin injection and at the end of the experiment. The general structure of the liver was examined with a hematoxylin-eosin stain. Prdx6 protein expression was determined with an immunohistochemical method. Results: In the streptozotocin+hydroxytyrosol group, blood glucose level was found to be lower when compared with the streptozotocin group (p<0.001), and histopathological findings in hepatocytes were found to decrease. Prdx6 expression was found to be similar in the control and hydroxytyrosol groups (p=0.590). However, it was found to be higher in streptozotocin and streptozotocin+hydroxytyrosol groups (p<0.001). Prdx6 expression of the streptozotocin+hydroxytyrosol group was found lower than the streptozotocin group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Hydroxytyrosol, the anti-oxidative activity of which has been proven in many studies, was found to relieve blood glucose levels in diabetic rats, cause histopathological changes in hepatocytes, and decrease anti-oxidative Prdx6 expression. This decrease suggested that instead of inhibiting Prdx6, hydroxytyrosol reduced oxidative stress irrespective of Prdx6.
  • Küçük Resim Yok
    Öğe
    The effects of hydroxytyrosol on Prdx6 and insulin expression in diabetic rat pancreases
    (Springer, 2023) Soylu, Hakan; Karacor, Kayihan
    Diabetes mellitus is a widespread endocrine disease worldwide, accompanying chronic hyperglycemia. In this study, we investigated the effect of hydroxytyrosol, which exerts an antioxidant effect, on the expressions of insulin and peroxiredoxin-6 (Prdx6), which protect cells against oxidative injury in diabetic rat pancreas. This experimental study had four groups with ten animals in each group: control (nondiabetic) group, hydroxytyrosol group [10 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal injection (ip) hydroxytyrosol for 30 days], streptozotocin group (single ip injection of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin), and streptozotocin + hydroxytyrosol group (single ip injection of streptozotocin and ip injection of 10 mg/kg/day hydroxytyrosol for 30 days). During the experiment, blood glucose levels were measured at regular intervals. Insulin expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and Prdx6 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Immunohistochemistry and western blot results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with applied Holm-Sidak multiple comparison test, and blood glucose results were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA with applied Tukey's multiple comparison test. Blood glucose levels on days 21 and 28 were significantly lower in the streptozotocin + hydroxytyrosol group compared with the streptozotocin group (day 21, p = 0.049 and day 28, p = 0.003). Expression of both insulin and Prdx6 were lower in the streptozotocin and the streptozotocin + hydroxytyrosol groups compared with the control and hydroxytyrosol groups (p < 0.001). Insulin and Prdx6 expression in the streptozotocin + hydroxytyrosol group were higher compared with the streptozotocin group (p < 0.001). The immunohistochemical findings of Prdx6 and western blot were the same. In conclusion, hydroxytyrosol, which is an antioxidant compound, increased Prdx6 and insulin expression in diabetic rats. Insulin increased by hydroxytyrosol may have been effective in reducing blood glucose levels. Furthermore, hydroxytyrosol may exert its effect on insulin by increasing Prdx6 expression. Thus, hydroxytyrosol may decrease or prevent several hyperglycemia-dependent complications by increasing the expression of these proteins.