Yazar "Hussain, Mubshar" seçeneğine göre listele
Listeleniyor 1 - 9 / 9
Sayfa Başına Sonuç
Sıralama seçenekleri
Öğe Choice of nitrogen fertilizer affects grain yield and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency of wheat cultivars(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2018) Hussain, Mubshar; Cheema, Sardar Alam; Abbas, Rana Qaisar; Ashraf, Muhammad Faizan; Shahzad, Muhammad; Farooq, Muhammad; Jabran, KhawarNitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is low in cereals especially in wheat. Different wheat cultivars may vary in NUE due to inherited biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) potential. In this study, three wheat cultivars (Punjab-2011, ARRI-2011 and Millat-2011) were fertilized at the rate of 140kg ha(-1) with three N sources [nitrophos (NP), urea and calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN)]. The soil nitrate (NO3-)-N contents were significantly enhanced coupled with simultaneous decrease in ammonium (NH4+)-N contents in the rhizosphere of cultivar Punjab-2011, fertilized with NP; however, cultivar Millat-2011 receiving urea behaved in contrast. Wheat cultivar Punjab-2011 fertilized with NP had the highest grain yield and agronomic NUE than other treatments due to significant increase in chlorophyl contents, allometric and yield parameters. The highest net benefit was recorded from the cultivar Punjab-2011 fertilized with CAN. In conclusion, use of NP in Punjab-2011 enhanced the grain yield and agronomic NUE.Öğe Economic assessment of conventional and conservation tillage practices in different wheat-based cropping systems of Punjab, Pakistan(Springer Heidelberg, 2017) Shahzad, Muhammad; Hussain, Mubshar; Farooq, Muhammad; Farooq, Shahid; Jabran, Khawar; Nawaz, AhmadWheat productivity and profitability is low under conventional tillage systems as they increase the production cost, soil compaction, and the weed infestation. Conservation tillage could be a pragmatic option to sustain the wheat productivity and enhance the profitability on long term basis. This study was aimed to evaluate the economics of different wheat-based cropping systems viz. fallow-wheat, rice-wheat, cotton-wheat, mung bean-wheat, and sorghum-wheat, with zero tillage, conventional tillage, deep tillage, bed sowing (60/30 cm beds and four rows), and bed sowing (90/45 cm beds and six rows). Results indicated that the bed sown wheat had the maximum production cost than other tillage systems. Although both bed sowing treatments incurred the highest production cost, they generated the highest net benefits and benefit: cost ratio (BCR). Rice-wheat cropping system with bed sown wheat (90/45 cm beds with six rows) had the highest net income (4129.7 US$ ha(-1)), BCR (2.87), and marginal rate of return compared with rest of the cropping systems. In contrast, fallow-wheat cropping system incurred the lowest input cost, but had the least economic return. In crux, rice-wheat cropping system with bed sown wheat (90/45 cm beds with six rows) was the best option for getting the higher economic returns. Moreover, double cropping systems within a year are more profitable than sole planting of wheat under all tillage practices.Öğe Growth and physiology of basmati rice under conventional and water-saving production systems(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Jabran, Khawar; Ullah, Ehsan; Akbar, Nadeem; Yasin, Muhammad; Zaman, Umar; Nasim, Wajid; Hussain, MubsharConventionally flooded rice (CFR) requires enormous water and labor inputs. Water scarcity aspires for cultivation of water-saving rice. Growth response and physiology of basmati rice genotypes under the water-saving production systems has not been reported yet. Studies were conducted for 2 years to compare the growth and physiology of three rice cultivars (Super Basmati, Basmati-2000 and Shaheen Basmati), under high (CFR), medium (alternate wetting and drying [AWD]) and low water input (aerobic rice [AR]) systems. Leaf area index, crop growth rate, leaf area duration and dry matter accumulation were higher for AR followed by AWD and CFR, respectively. Shaheen Basmati had a lower growth and relative water contents than Super Basmati and Basmati-2000, probably due to its shorter stature and shorter life cycle. Photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of rice cultivars in the different production were affected only at reproductive stage. Basmati-2000 grown as AR had the highest photosynthetic rate followed by the same cultivar under AWD. The results of this study provide us an idea that basmati cultivars can attain a high growth and development with low water input. This would be helpful to grow rice successfully under water-short rice-growing environments.Öğe Impact of different crop rotations and tillage systems on weed infestation and productivity of bread wheat(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2016) Shahzad, Muhammad; Farooq, Muhammad; Jabran, Khawar; Hussain, MubsharCrop rotation and tillage systems have important implications for weed infestation and crop productivity. In this study, five tillage systems viz. zero tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT), deep tillage (DT), bed sowing (60/30 cm with four rows; BS1) and bed sowing (90/45 cm with six rows; BS2) were evaluated in five different crop rotations viz. fallow-wheat (FW), rice-wheat (RW), cotton-wheat (CW), mungbean-wheat (MW) and sorghum-wheat (SW) for their effect on weed infestation and productivity of bread wheat. Interaction between different tillage practices and cropping systems had significant effect on density and dry biomass of total, broadleaved and grass weeds, agronomic and yield-related traits, and grain yield of bread wheat. The un-disturbed soils (ZT) under fallow-wheat or mungbean-wheat rotations favoured the weed prevalence (a total weed dry biomass of 72.4-109.6 and 105.6-112.1 g m(-2) in first and second year, respectively). Contrary to this, the disturbed soils (CT, DT, BSI and BS2) had less weed infestation with either of the rotations (a total weed biomass of 0.4-7.1 and 1.1-5.4 g m(-2) in first and second year, respectively). Sorghum-wheat rotation had strong suppressive effect on weed infestation in all tillage systems. The impact of crop rotation was more visible during second year of experimentation. Bed sown wheat (BS1 and BS2) in mungbean-wheat rotation had the highest wheat grain yield (6.30-6.47 t ha(-1)) compared to other tillage systems in different crop rotation combinations. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Integrated weed management in maize cultivation: an overview(Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing Ltd, 2017) Jabran, Khawar; Hussain, Mubshar; Chauhan, Bhagirath Singh…Öğe Mechanical weed control(Elsevier, 2018) Hussain, Mubshar; Farooq, S.; Merfield, C.; Jabran, K.Evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds has increased the importance and scope of mechanical weed control. In many parts of the world, the efficacy of mechanical weed control has been reevaluated. Tillage (used for soil preparation for planting), although among the oldest methods of weed control, is still the preferred method of weed control for many farmers. Similarly, subsequent weeding (weed removal through manual or mechanical means) after the crop emergence is also a successful tool for effective weed management. Wise use of mechanical weeding can provide effective weed control in vegetables, fruits, and field crops. The use/choice of mechanical weeding method depends upon technical and economic factors. Weeds evolving herbicide resistance ultimately required either tillage, weeding, or other non-chemical methods; nevertheless, tillage has been considered the most effective among all non-chemical weed control methods. Development of intelligent weeders or automatic weeding tools may revolutionize mechanical weed control through the selective use of weeders in crops. However, a great deal of research work and investment is needed to develop robotic weeders, which are capable of functioning without human intervention for automated weed control in the future. © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Osmopriming with CaCl2 improves wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production under water-limited environments(Springer Heidelberg, 2017) Farooq, Shahid; Hussain, Mubshar; Jabran, Khawar; Hassan, Waseem; Rizwan, Muhammad S.; Yasir, Tauqeer A.This 2-year field study investigates the potential of seed priming to mitigate losses caused by drought stress at different phenophases of wheat. Wheat seeds were soaked either in distilled water or in aerated solution of CaCl2 (Psi s-1.25 MPa) for 18 h to accomplish hydropriming and osmopriming, respectively. The soil moisture was maintained at 90-100% field capacity (well-watered) or 45-50% field capacity at vegetative (vegetative drought) and reproductive (terminal drought) phases. Allometric traits leaf area index, leaf area duration, and crop growth rate were initially more affected by vegetative drought; however, terminal drought was more severe at later stages. Drought at both phenophases, especially terminal drought, impaired the entire yield-related traits of wheat; however, osmopriming compensated the drought-induced losses up to a certain extent. Osmopriming improved the wheat grain yield, economic benefits, and allometric traits under vegetative and terminal drought as well as well-watered conditions. It is recommended that the physiological, biochemical, and genetic mechanisms of osmopriming must be explored to find more valuable insights for improving wheat productivity.Öğe Transplanting improves the allometry and fiber quality of Bt cotton in cotton-wheat cropping system(Cambridge University Press, 2019) Shah, M.A.; Hussain, Mubshar; Shahzad, Muhammad; Jabran, Khawar; Ul-Allah, S.; Farooq, MuhammadIn cotton-wheat cropping system of Pakistan, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is harvested in late April; however, the optimum sowing time of Bt cotton is mid-March. This indicates a time difference of 4-6 weeks between the harvest of wheat and cotton sowing. It is hypothesized that this overlapping period may be managed by transplanting cotton seedlings (30-45 days old) in late April, after the harvest of wheat due to better performance of already established seedlings. To this end, this study was conducted to evaluate the allometric traits and fiber quality of transplanted Bt cotton after harvesting wheat in the cotton-wheat cropping system. The Bt cotton-wheat cropping systems were flat sown wheat (FSW)-conventionally tilled cotton, FSW-zero tilled cotton, ridge sown wheat-ridge transplanted cotton using 30- and 45-days-old seedlings, and bed sown wheat (BSW)-bed transplanted cotton (BTC) also using 30- and 45-days-old seedlings. The study was conducted at Vehari and Multan in Punjab, Pakistan. Bt cotton in BSW-BTC with 45-days-old seedlings showed better performance for allometric (leaf area index; (LAI), net assimilation rate; (NAR), and crop growth rate; (CGR)), seed cotton yield, and fiber traits (fiber uniformity, fiber length, fiber strength, and fiber fineness) in comparison to other treatments. Most of the fiber quality traits were positively correlated with allometric traits and biological yield (dry matter yield at maturity) at both locations, except correlations of CGR and LAI with fiber fineness and fiber length and NAR with fiber length. As plant growth and fiber quality of transplanted cotton was significantly higher than conventionally grown cotton, our data indicate transplanting is an interesting management practice for improving productivity in wheat-cotton cropping systems. © Cambridge University Press 2019.Öğe Water-saving technologies affect the grain characteristics and recovery of fine-grain rice cultivars in semi-arid environment(Springer Heidelberg, 2017) Jabran, Khawar; Riaz, Muhammad; Hussain, Mubshar; Nasim, Wajid; Zaman, Umar; Fahad, Shah; Chauhan, Bhagirath SinghGrowing rice with less water is direly needed due to declining water sources worldwide, but using methods that require less water inputs can have an impact on grain characteristics and recovery. A 2-year field study was conducted to evaluate the impact of conventionally sown flooded rice and low-water-input rice systems on the grain characteristics and recovery of fine rice. Three fine grain rice cultivars-Super Basmati, Basmati 2000, and Shaheen Basmati-were grown under conventional flooded transplanted rice (CFTR), alternate wetting and drying (AWD), and aerobic rice systems. Grain characteristics and rice recovery were significantly influenced by different water regimes (production systems). Poor milling, including the lowest percentage of brown (head) rice (65.3%) and polished (white) rice (64.2-66.9%) and the highest percentage of broken brown rice (10.2%), husk (24.5%-26.3%), polished broken rice (24.7%), and bran (11.0-12.5%), were recorded in the aerobic rice system sown with Shaheen Basmati. With a few exceptions, cultivars sown in CFTR were found to possess a higher percentage of brown (head) and polished (white) rice and they had incurred the least losses in the form of brown broken rice, husk, polished broken rice, and bran. In conclusion, better grain quality and recovery of rice can be attained by growing Super Basmati under the CFTR system. Growing Shaheen Basmati under low-water-input systems, the aerobic rice system in particular, resulted in poor grain characteristics tied with less rice recovery.
