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Öğe Antifungal activity of Salvia verticillata subsp. verticillata against fungal pathogens(2021) Dulger, Gorkem; Dülger, BaşaranAim: It was aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of the individual as well as the combine extract (leaf+root) ofSalvia verticillata subsp. verticillata L. from Lamiaceae family which has ethnobotanical use.Material and Methods: The plant samples were collected during to flowering stage in June, Samandere village around,Duzce, Turkey. The collected plants were dried according to herbarium techniques. The powdered plant material wasextraction using ethyl alcohol (96%). Antifungal effects of the extracts was evaluated for yeasts (Candida krusei ATCC20298, C. parapsilosis ATCC 90112, C. guilliermondii ATCC 6260, C. albicans ATCC 10231, C. tropicalis ATCC13808, C. glabrata ATCC 2001, Cryptococcus laurentii ATCC 34142, C. neoformans ATCC 90112, Geotrichumcapitatum ATCC 28576, Debaryomyces hansenii DSM 70238, Rhodotorula rubra DSM 70403, and Kluyveromycesfragilis ATCC 8608) by visual broth microdilution method. Antifungal antibiotic ketoconazole was used in the study tocompare the results.Results: MIC values ranged from 1.56 to 25.00 mg/mL. The extracts have shown potential antifungal effects againstthe yeast cultures. Notably, the combine plant extracts (both leaves and rootstock) possessed higher antifungal potencyagainst C. neoformans, C. laurentii and G. capitatum.Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that the extracts of Salvia verticillata subsp. verticillata are used for thetreatment of fungal infections as traditional medicine.Öğe The antimicrobial effect of various formulations obtained from Fomes fomentarius against hospital isolates(2019) Gedık, Gulsah; Dulger, Gorkem; Asan, Hulya; Özyurt, Anıl; Allı, Hakan; Asan, AhmetThe purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of formulations of F. fomentarius. The antimicrobial efficacy levels of extracts of F. fomentarius prepared from ethanol, water and of various formulations (emulsion, ointment, paste, cream and gel) were determined. For this purpose, the disk diffusion method was used to test the extracts for antimicrobial activity against hospital isolates including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE+), Escherichia coli, Candida krusei, C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii and C. glabrata. Some standard antibiotics were used for comparison. The ointment formulation (No. 4) showed a good antimicrobial effect on bacteria compared to the antibiotics (9.6 - 16.1 mm.). The extracts were found to be more effective than the antibiotics against Candida species. Formulation No. 4 was considered to be more effective because of the protective nature of its cetyl alcohol and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) content . F. fomentarius ethanol extract, F. fomentarius water extract and gel formulation showed similar activity; however, other formulations (emulsion, paste, cream) were generally more effective due to the stabilizing effects of the polymers, oil and alcohols present in their preparations. The findings of this study establish the possibility of discovering new clinically effective antibiotic drugs and could be useful in understanding the relationship between traditional remedies and modern medicines.Öğe Biological evaluation of benzothiazoles obtained by microwave-green synthesis(Acad Brasileira De Ciencias, 2024) Ozdincer, Mesut; Dalmaz, Aslihan; Durmus, Sefa; Dulger, Gorkem; Kiliccioglu, IlkerBenzothiazole compounds are known as an important bicyclic ring system with multiple applications. These compounds have a wide range of biological activities, including anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. In this study, benzothiazole compounds were synthesized and their various biological activities were examined. The synthesized benzothiazoles were evaluated for their antimicrobial properties against various bacterial and fungal strains. The compound 6e is most active ligand in the series against bacteria and fungi as compared to standard antibiotics. Especially, this compound significant effect against Staphylococcus aureus (32.00 +/- 1.73 mm). These compounds exhibited potent anticancer activity against gastrointestinal cancer cells, demonstrating their potential as therapeutic agents. The lowest antiproliferative response after administration of the compounds was observed in HCT116 cells, while the most effective antiproliferative response was observed in AGS cells (> 10 mu g/mL). In all cell lines, 40 and 100 mu g/mL application values of the selected compounds showed significant increases in the expression of caspase-3, 8 and 9. We also utilized a computational docking approach to investigate the interaction of these benzothiazoles with VEGFR-2 kinase. Our docking studies showed that compounds 6a and 6d may be promising therapeutic agents against gastrointestinal system cancers due to their ability to bind to VEGFR-2 kinase.Öğe Chemical Composition of Lamium purpureum L. and Determination of Anticancer Activity of Its Essential Oil on Melanoma(2019) Akkoyunlu, Aysegul; Dulger, GorkemThe current study aimed to evaluate Lamium purpureum L. in terms of its chemical composition and thepotential of its essential oil for anticancer activity. The profiling analysis of its chemical composition was carriedout via GC-MS. For this purpose, the ethanol extract was subjected to GC-MS analysis to determine chemicalcompounds. To obtain essential oil, steam distillation of the whole plant (aerial, leaf, stem) was carried out in aClevenger apparatus. The anticancer activitiy was determined via MTT assay. We observed that the maximumcell death was 14% at 50 µg/mL concentration. As a result of GC-MS analysis, palmitic acid, 7-tetradecenal,octadecadienoic acid, acetic acid, ethyl 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate, hexatriacontane, stearate and benzyl benzoatewere identified as major components. We determined that the essential oil of L. purpureum L. had essentialcompounds which showed cytotoxic activities.Öğe Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of endemic Cephalaria tuteliana(Elsevier, 2024) Kiliccioglu, Ilker; Dulger, Gorkem; Senturk, Fatih; Bozyel, Mustafa Eray; Canli, Kerem; Dulger, BasaranIntroduction: The genus Cephalaria, belonging to the Caprifoliaceae family, is a rich source of secondary metabolites, including mainly saponins which display a variety of biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancerous effects. This study was carried out to observe the biochemical composition and to evaluate the biological activities of Cephalaria tuteliana Kus & Gokturk. Methods: The composition of endemic C. tuteliana was determined through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) studies. Antimicrobial effect were determined by the disk diffusion and dilution methods for test bacteria and test fungi. The antioxidant potential of the ethanol extract was also investigated. Cell proliferation and apoptosis analysis were investigated by WST-1 and ELISA methods. The migration level of PC-3 prostate cancer cells after plant extract application was examined by wound healing assay. Also, molecular docking experiments were performed to investigate the anticancer activity of the major component found in the C.tuteliana extract. Results: GC-MS analysis showed that the predominant compounds were Phenol, 2,20-methylenebis [6-(1,1dimethyl ethyl)-4-methyl- (23.54 %), 9,12,15-octadecatrien-1-ol, (Z,Z,Z)-(6.06 %) and n-Hexadecanoic acid (3.03 %). The ethanolic extract of C. tuteliana displayed moderate antimicrobial activity against a spectrum of tested microorganisms. Also, it exhibited significant antiproliferative effects on PC-3 human prostate cancer cells while having no harmful effects on healthy control HUVEC cells. Furthermore, enhanced expressions of Caspase-3, 8, and 9 were observed in PC-3 cells after plant extract treatment. Also, cell migration level was notably reduced, especially at a dose of 400 mg/mL in PC-3 cells. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extracts of C. tuteliana showed higher activity than ascorbic acid. Molecular docking experiments showed potential binding of the major aromatic compound in C.tuteliana extract to human androgen receptor 1E3G protein. Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential of C. tuteliana as a valuable natural resource and pave the way for further in vivo prostate cancer investigations. (c) 2024 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Chemical Compositions and Antimutagenic Effects of Ethanolic Extracts of Stachys Thirkei and Stachys Annua subsp. Annua Using the Ames Assay(Springer, 2021) Rasgele, Pinar Goc; Dulger, GorkemIn this study, antimutagenic effects of ethanolic extracts of Stachys thirkei and Stachys annua subsp. annua belonging to Lamiaceae family that grow in Duzce of Turkey were investigated on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains without metabolic activation using Salmonella/microsome test system. Three different concentrations (0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/plate) of the ethanolic extracts of S. thirkei and S. annua subsp. were used as active materials in which the major components were 2-ethylhexanol (30.012%) and 2-beta-pinene (26.40%), respectively. The highest concentration (0.1 mg/plate) of S. thirkei had a moderate antimutagenic effect on the Salmonella typhimurium TA98 strain with a 26.79% inhibition rate. It was also established that the extract of S. thirkei at highest concentration (0.1 mg/plate) exhibited strong antimutagenic effect (with 44.03% maximum inhibition) on TA100 strain. Furthermore, it was found that 0.05 mg/plate ethanolic extract showed moderate antimutagenic activity with 25.55% inhibition rate. The highest concentration (0.1 mg/plate) of ethanolic extract of S. annua subsp. showed moderate antimutagenic activity on both Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains with inhibition rates of 20.39 and 22.13%, respectively. No antimutagenic activity on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains was observed at the lowest doses of both plant species. As a result, it is concluded that S. thirkei and annua subsp. have antimutagenic activity and further studies may be recommended in terms of different parameters.Öğe Exploring the antibiofilm effects on Escherichia coli biofilm associated with colon cancer and anticancer activities on HCT116 cell line of bee products(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Akkoyunlu, Aysegul; Dulger, GorkemThe association between dysbiotic microbiota biofilm and colon cancer has recently begun to attract attention. In the study, the apitherapeutic effects of bee products (honey, bee venom, royal jelly, pollen, perga and propolis) obtained from the endemic Y & imath;& gbreve;& imath;lca ecotype of Apis mellifera anatoliaca were investigated. Antibiofilm activity were performed by microplate assay using crystal violet staining to measure adherent biofilm biomass of Escherichia coli capable of forming biofilms. Bee venom showed the highest inhibition effect (73.98%) at 50% concentration. Honey, perga and royal jelly reduced biofilm formation by >50% at all concentrations. The antiproliferation effect on the HCT116 colon cancer cell line was investigated with the water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 assay. After 48 h of honey application at 50% concentration, cell proliferation decreased by 86.51%. The high cytotoxic effects of royal jelly and bee venom are also remarkable. Additionally, apoptotic pathway analysis was performed by ELISA using caspase 3, 8 and 9 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. All bee products induced a higher expression of caspase 9 compared with caspase 8. Natural products that upregulate caspase proteins are promising therapeutic targets for proliferative diseases.Öğe Synthesis and Characterization of Dimeric Thio-Schiff Bases by Nano Cerium Oxide and Examination of Their Antimicrobial Activities(2021) Dalmaz, Aslıhan; Durmuş, Sefa; Dulger, Gorkem; Dülger, BaşaranIn this work, firstly, CeO2 nanoparticles, which can be used as catalysts in many reactions, weresynthesized by preparing aqueous solution of cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate in basic medium.In the second step, the synthesis of dimeric thio Schiff bases was carried out using two differentmethods. Effect of catalyst on some parameters such as reaction time and yield of product wereinvestigated. The antimicrobial activities of the ligands have been screened in vitro against theorganisms Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae (Gram negativebacteria), Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacilluscereus (Gram positive bacteria) and Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii, C.glabrata by Disc Diffusion and Microdilution methods. At the same time, antimicrobialactivities of ligands were compared to standard antibiotics (Cefotaxime, Amoxicillin/clavulanicacid, Posacanazole, Nystatin and Gentamicin). Generally, the results obtained in this researchshowed that all tested ligands exhibited more effect towards Gram positive bacteria andCandida species as compared to standard antibiotics.Öğe Synthesis, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of new self-assembly benzimidazole-bridged aren ruthenium rectangles in human breast cancer cells(Springer, 2021) Orhan, Ersin; Dulger, Gorkem; Alpay, Merve; Oksuz, Nilufer; Dulger, BasaranSome novel benzimidazole-bridged aren ruthenium rectangle compounds of the general structure [{Ru-2(p-cymene)(2)(mu(4)-OO boolean AND OO)}(2)(mu(4)-bbim)](4+) (bbim = 1,1 '-butyl-2-ene-di(benzimidazole) were obtained from the corresponding double-nuclear arene ruthenium compounds [Ru-2(p-cymene)(2)(mu(4)-OO boolean AND OO)Cl-2] (OO boolean AND OO = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzoquinonato (dobq), 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinonato (dClbq), 2,5-dibromo-1,4-benzoquinonato (dBrbq), oxalato (oxa), and 5,8-dioxido-1,4-naphtoquinonato (donq) via reaction with the bbim molecule and AgCF3SO3. The antiproliferative activity and anti-cancer properties of the tetranuclear arene ruthenium compounds were evaluated against the human breast cancer cell line (MDA-231-MB). Compound 2 showed the highest antiproliferative effect among the compounds during 24- and 48-h administration. In addition, all other compounds exhibited very good cancer cell selectivity and very low micromolar cytotoxicity. The antimicrobial activities of the synthesized compounds were also determined against various test microorganisms. Evaluations were carried out using the disk diffusion method and the dilution method. In particular, the compounds exhibited more potential antibacterial effects against Gram negative bacteria than against Gram positive bacteria and showed a superior antifungal effect against Candida species. The results revealed the benzimidazole-bridged aren ruthenium rectangle compounds to be very strong and potent inhibitors.