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Öğe ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF UNIVERSITY CAMPUS AREAS IN TERMS OF THE URBAN EQUIPMENTS. CASE STUDY OF DUZCE UNIVERSITY CAMPUS(Scibulcom Ltd, 2016) Demir, Zeki; Kaya, Ayşegül TanrıverdiUrban equipments have very important role in supporting different social and cultural activities and the improvement of urban lifestyle. The main aims of universities are supporting students to gain occupational skills by education and practice, producing information by conducting social and economic based researches and practices, preparing students to community life by giving them duties and responsibilities and contributing to the education, awareness and cultural level of the society. In this manner, physical planning of university campuses, as a small model of a city, must be evaluated according to city planning criteria. In this study we aimed to evaluate Duzce University campus planning according to city planning criteria and urban equipments. In this study, literature data and studies of survey and analysis of the campus have been evaluated. The analysis of the data indicated that equipment areas on the campus are one of the important places in which ecological relationship between natural and artificial elements in terms of landscape architecture. In the light of these evaluations, solutions and suggestions have been developed.Öğe ASSESSMENT OF THE RECREATIONAL AREA POTENTIAL OF DUZCE ASAR STREAM(Scibulcom Ltd, 2016) Demir, Zeki; Gültekin, Pınar; Özdede, Sinem; Kaya, S.Asar stream, which is located in the city of Duzce, Turkey, constitutes an important part of the physical aspects of urban identity. It can not provide the expected aesthetic and functional contributions from Duzce city. Asar stream is expected to fulfil the needs of irrigation agriculture of Duzce city, as well as to fulfil the recreational needs of the people, to be the urban living space and to provide the connectedness of the city-nature integrity. Asar stream has the characteristics of a green corridor quality between Lake Efteni and Duzce city centre. Also it contains high potential for recreational uses. In this study, a questionnaire was administered to urban users to measure their perceptions on the recreational use of Asar stream, also to evaluate the current use and to ensure the development and finally to determine the needs of the urban users, depending on the socio-demographic characteristics. Thus, it is intended to be converted to an important environmental factor that contributes to the identity of the city with Asar stream.Öğe Determination of user satisfaction for management practices on recreational areas(Academic Journals, 2010) Demir, Zeki; Müderrisoğlu, Haldun; Aşıkkutlu, Hüseyin Samet; Bollukçu, Pınar AydınFor different recreational areas, studies have been conducted to investigate the satisfactions of users from different socio-economic background and recreation habits. However, data is scarce about management practices on user satisfaction. For the current study, a survey was conducted on 300 people to determine the user satisfaction related to management practices on the recreational areas. Study has been conducted in Mogan park, Ankara and coastal area of Mugada, Bartin. The results of questionary indicate that user's satisfaction has been affected by the management practices. However, data indicates that the users with experiences about the site are more satisfied with current management situation than the ones who do not have experiences about the site.Öğe Düzce İli Kalıcı Konutlar Bölgesindeki Spor Alanlarının Yeterliliğinin İrdelenmesi(2020) Çebi, Tayfun; Demir, ZekiBu çalışmada; Düzce ili, merkez ilçesinde bulunan kalıcı konutlar bölgesinde yer alan mahallerde bulunan sporalanlarının yerleri, ulaşa bilirlikleri, fiziki durumları, büyüklük ve faaliyet alanları belirlenerek, olması gerekenstandartlara uygunluğu analiz edilmiştir. Düzce ili merkez ilçesinde bulunan kalıcı konutlar bölgesi 661.978,57m2’lik yeşil alan yer almaktadır. Bu yeşil alan içerisinde bulunan park alanı 508.947,20 m2 olarak hesaplanmıştır.Yeşil alanları içeriğinde mezarlıklar, orman alanları, çocuk oyun alanları, meydanlar, ağaçlandırma alanı ve sporalanları bulunmaktadır. Kalıcı konutlarda yer alan 6 adet mahallerde nüfus, 31 Aralık 2017 tarihli ADNKS (Adresedayalı nüfus kayıt sistemi) nüfus sayım sonuçlarına göre; %52,59’si kadın, %47,41’si erkek olmak üzere çalışmaalanında nüfusu sayısı 23.219’dur. Ülkemizde kentlerin planlama sürecini, yeşil alanlara yönelik yaklaşımı, kişibaşına belirli büyüklükte yeşil alanın ayrılmasını sağlayan yasal mevzuat, imar yönetmelikleri ve imar planlarıdır.Türkiye’deki kentler için 02.09.1999 tarih ve 23804 sayılı Resmî Gazete’de yayımlanan ‘İmar Planı Yapılması veDeğişikliklerine Ait Esaslara Dair Yönetmelik’ hükümlerine göre; kentsel alanlarda kişi başına düşen yeşil alandeğeri en az 10 m2 ve bu yeşil alanın komşuluk ünitesi düzeyinde dağılımı 1.5 m2/kişi çocuk oyun alanı, 2 m2/kişimahalle ve semt parkı, 3 m2/kişi spor alanı ve 3.5 m2/kişi kent parkı olması gereklidir. Böylece yasal mevzuatagöre, kişi başına 3,00 m2spor alanlarına ihtiyaç olduğu belirtilmiştir. Çalışma alanının mevcut nüfusu dikkatealındığında çalışma alanının planlama standartlarına uygun spor alanı ihtiyacı 69.657,00 m2’dir. Çalışmasonucunda kalıcı konutlarda 15.349,00 m2 mevcut spor alanı ve 54.304,00 m2spor alanını eksikliği hesaplanmıştır.Sonuçta, çalışma alanındaki mevcut spor alanları şu anki fiziki durumları, donatısal yeterlilikleri, büyüklükleri vefaaliyet alanları olması gereken spor alanı miktarı açısından değerlendirmeye alındığında eksiklikler olduğugörülmüştür. Çalışma sonunda; çalışma alanında bulunan spor alanlarının etkinliğinin artırılması için önerilergeliştirilmiştir.Öğe Effects of second housing and recreational use on Pancratium maritimum L. population in western Black Sea region of Turkey(Wfl Publ, 2010) Demir, Zeki; Müderrisoğlu, Haldun; Aksoy, Necmi; Aydın, Şükran Özkan; Uzun, Serir; Özkara, HüseyinAn experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of second housing development and heavy use recreational activities on sea daffodil (SD; Pancratium maritimum L.) distribution on western Black Sea coast line of Turkey. In 2005, to protect the SD populations 1 m height chicken wire-cages were placed on 20 m x 30 m areas in different parts of the shore. To compare the protected area (PA) with unprotected area (UA) 16 sampling areas were chosen along the coast line. Adjacent to each sampling plot a control plot from unprotected area was established. Additional data were collected from sampling plots established in four areas with different intensities of settlement. Data were utilized to relate the SD ground coverage, number of individuals and spikes per individual to the disturbance intensity. Three 1 m x 1 m quadrats were randomly placed on each plot. On each quadrat the ground coverage of SD and whole vegetation were determined with Braun-Blanquet. Then, the number of SD individuals and spikes of individuals were counted. Data indicated that there was no statistical difference between the PA and UA in vegetational ground coverage. However, the ratio of SD on these coverages was doubled in PA compared to the UA (P = 0.001). Analysis of the data collected from different locations in disturbed areas showed that intensity of disturbance has significant (P = 0.001) correlation with SD ground coverage (r(2)=0.45). The number of SD individuals (P = 0.001) and spikes per individual (P = 0.001) were significantly different between the PA and UA. SD individuals in UA were about 64% less than that of PA. Spike number per SD individual was also 66% lower in UA compared to PA. SD ground coverage was significantly (P = 0.001) related to number of individuals (r(2)=0.83). Settlement density made a significant effect on number of SD, number of spikes, SD ground coverage and whole plant ground coverage (P = 0.001). Analysis of data indicated that area usage type also made statistically significant differences on number of SD, number of spikes, SD ground coverage and whole plant ground coverage (P = 0.001). Results of the study indicate that SD populations are under threat because of intensive housing development and recreational usage in the coastal areas of Western Black Sea region of Turkey. Protection efforts revealed positive results in terms of SD survival and reproduction capacity in the coastal sand dunes.Öğe Evaluating the City Image of Istanbul Historic Peninsula Through Academicians' Perspective(World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2020) Ogce, Huseyin; Demir, ZekiUrban studies are crucial to comprehend an environment with physical, social and psychological structures. There is no doubt that environmental psychology studies are important to this topic. This is why this research aims at presenting the city image of Istanbul Historic Peninsula through academicians' perspective. The study analyzes the relationships among safe, unsafe, likeable, unlikeable, preferable and unpreferable urban elements, and concludes a general city image of the research area. We conducted 32 surveys with other scholars and analyzed the surveys via MAXQDA 2018 Analytics Pro program. To obtain reliable results, the Kuckartz-Radikers zeta similarity analysis was conducted and the similarity value was obtained as 0.86. The results show that the landmarks and districts are dominant in verbal maps. As for hand-drawn maps, landmarks and urban nodes are more dominant than other elements. Moreover, there are similarities between unsafe and unlikeable elements, and between likeable and safe elements. In conclusion, the urban legibility and image are intensively dominant in the eastern side of the research area (Ataturk Boulevard-oriented area) because of negative psychological boundaries.Öğe Otoban Gürültüsünün Dinlenme Tesislerine Etkisi: İstanbul-Ankara Otoyolu Örneği(2015) Yerli, Özgür; Demir, ZekiBu çalışmada, İstanbul-Ankara Otoyolu üzerinde bulunan dinlenme tesislerinin, gürültüden etkilenme dereceleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı gürültü kaynağı olan yol ile dinlenme tesisi arasındaki mesafenin ve kot farkının gürültü değişimine etkisinin olup olmadığının ortaya konmasıdır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak otoban üzerinde bulunan 12 dinlenme tesisinin giriş, orta ve çıkış bölümlerinde; yol kenarı, yoldan 15, 30, 45 ve 60. metrelerde gürültü ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen gürültü değerleri istatistiksel yöntemlerle analiz e1,* ,dilmiştir. Sonuç olarak kaynağı trafik olan otoban gürültüsünün, yoldan uzaklaştıkça azaldığı, yoldan daha aşağı kotta yer alan tesislerin gürültüden daha az, yoldan yukarıda bulunan tesislerin ise daha çok etkilendiği görülmüştür.Öğe Phenological and visual evaluations of some roadside deciduous trees in urban area(2016) Eroğlu, Engin; Demir, ZekiPeyzaj ekolojik olarak leke-matris-koridor kavramalarının referansı ile ifade edilir. Yol koridorları kentsel ortamların sadece ekoljik değil aynı zamanda görsel durumun da katkı sağlayan önemli kentsel yapılardır. Kentler artan nüfüs bakımından açık ve yeşil alanların sıklığı yönünden baskı altındadır. Yol kenarı bitkilendirmeleri bu sıklık üzerinde olumlu yönde önemli katılar sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı; yol kenarındaki bazı yaprak döken bitkilerin morfolojik değişimlerinin neler olduklarını belirlemek ve bu ağaçların yolu kullananlar üzerindeki görsel etkilerini mevsimsel değişim ve yaşlara göre değişim yönünden ele almaktır. Bu amaçların gerçekleştirilmesi için; ilk aşamada morfolojik değişimlerini belirlemek için bu ağaçlar altı yıl boyunca gözlemlenmiştir. Ikici aşamada altı yıl boyunca ve mevsimsel değişimleri fotoğraflanan bu ağaçlar (Platanus orientalis L., Aesculus hippocastanum L., Liriodendron tulipifera L. and Acer negundo L.) yol kenarı boyunca fotoğraflanmıştır. Daha sonra, fotoğraflar ankette değerlendirmek için ön elemeye tabi tutulmuştur. Anket çalışması iki aşamada gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ilk aşamasında fotoğrafların yıllara göre beğeni düzeylerini belirlemek için yapılırken, ikinci aşamasında ise mevsimsel değişimlerin görsel tercih ve kalite düzeylerini belirlemek üzere değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma ile, yol kenarında bulunan bazı yaprak döken ağaçların görsel kalite ve beğeni durumları ve ağaçalrın fenolojik değişimleri belirlenmiştir.Öğe Proximity effects of high voltage electric power transmission lines on ornamental plant growth(Academic Journals, 2010) Demir, ZekiThe proximity effects of high voltage electric power transmission lines on Leyland Cypress (xCupressocyparis leylandii (Dallim. and A. B. Jacks.) Dallim) and Japanese Privet (Ligustrum japonicum Thunb.) growth were examined in a private nursery located in Sakarya, Turkey. Five transect were randomly chosen in both leylandii and privet lots in the nursery. In the summer of 2009, starting from under the power line 12 sampling point for every five meters away from the power line on each transaction was located. From these sampling points, five seedlings for each species were randomly chosen. From each sampling seedlings, five - seven leaves (for private) or spurs (for leylandii) were collected from lower-, middle- and upper-crown. For each sampling seedling diameter at breast height (dbh) were measured with a caliper. Within the laboratory, the projected surface area (SLA) of needles and leaves were determined using a leaf area meter. The relationship among measured seedling variables and the proximity to high voltage electric power transmission lines were evaluated using correlation. The effects of proximity to power-line on specific leaf area and seedling dbh were tested with an analysis of variance procedure (ANOVA). Tukey's HSD test with alpha = 0.05 was performed to compare means. The result of the data revealed that the mean of seedling dbh at 55 m away from the power line was about 25% smaller than that of the seedlings underneath the power line. The data also showed that there was a gradual decrease at dbh value of the privet with the distance from the power line. Seedling mean dbh value at the 25(th) m sampling point was about 10% lower than that of the seedlings underneath the power line. At the 40(th) m sampling point this dbh value was about 17 and 8% lower than those of the seedlings underneath the power line and of the seedling at 25(th) m sampling point, respectively. Specific leaf area after the 30(th) m away from the power line has been decreasing. The SLA value at the 30(th) m is about 17% lower than that of the seedling underneath the power line.Öğe RELATION BETWEEN URBAN LAND USES AND NOISE. A CASE STUDY IN DUZCE, TURKEY(Scibulcom Ltd, 2016) Yerli, Özgür; Demir, ZekiNoise pollution has become a significant factor, which affects human health living in urban areas. This study aims to explain the relation between noise and different urban land use types such as residential areas, commercial areas, industry areas, green spaces and correlate different samples with the use of urban area and to interpret the results. In this study totally 12 sample areas were sellected, which have different urban land uses and the size of each area is 100 x 100 m. In these areas, noise measurements were made along the year and the relation was examined between seasonal and annual average of noise level and urban land use. Further in 12 sample areas, 50 m intervals from the side of the road which is the noise source, 50 m from the road and 50 m intervals, 100 m from the road and 50 m intervals three measurements were made. It was investigated whether there is relationship between distribution quantities of the use of the sample area of the obtained amount of noise. Consequently, the amount of noise varies with the distance from the noise source. The distribution of the noise varies according to the amount of green area, building land and road. According to consequences, increase in the amount of road and building land leads to rise the noise level while increase in the amount of green spaces decreases the noise level.Öğe WATER RETENTION RATIOS OF MULCHING MATERIAL CONSISTING PRIMARILY OF PINE BARK OVER DIFFERENT SOIL TYPES(Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2009) Demir, Zeki; Yıldız, Oktay; Toprak, BülentStudy was carried out in the Turkish province of Duzce to compare the water absorption ratios of a mulching material, formed using different mixtures of tree bark materials. Soils compounded from clay, turf and sandy materials were laid in 1 m by 1 m experimental plots within a thickness of 10 cm, and then, soil surfaces in each plot was blanketed with a mulching material containing Corsican pine bark (Pinus nigra Arnold) in 5 cm and 8 cm. thickness settings: Furthermore, application was repeated with and without the possibility of a plant species presence. Experimental plots were watered every three days; 15 liters per plot using a colander. After 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours of watering, the first 10 cm up to the soil surface underneath the mulching material, was sampled to determine the weighing percentages of the internal moisture levels. A statistically significant relation was established between the thickness of the mulching material and the site in terms of the soil moisture levels (P = 0.0001). Turf sheeted with an 8 cm mulching material kept the highest water absorption capacity 12 hours after watering, as opposed to the least water absorption capacity of sandy soil without a mulch cover. This ratio between the above mentioned comparisons was raised to 174 %, 24 hours after watering. However, moisture content of the sandy soil without mulching cover disappeared upto 90 % compared to that of turf with an 8 cm mulching material, over the period of 3 days after watering. Accordingly, the site with turf shielded by an 8 cm mulching material performed approximately two times better in terms of moisture absorption, c compared to sandy soil with an 8 cm turf cover. Moisture was easily drained due to large pores inside the sandy soil if the mulching material was absent. Mulching, three days after watering, positively affected and increased the water absorption up to four times better.
