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    Can the gastrointestinal system alter liver damage caused by COVID-19?
    (Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi, 2024) Özkan, K.; Demir, Ş.
    Our gastrointestinal system, often referred to as our "second brain," is grappling with the devastating effects of COVID-19, a disease that has plagued recent years. Researchers are investigating how bacteria in the intestinal microflora may contribute to or mitigate liver damage caused by COVID-19. Despite the limited number of studies, the fight against liver organ damage by the gastrointestinal system, which is our second brain is important. All original articles published in English until March 01, 2020, were retrieved via a library-assisted literature search from PubMed/MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), and Web of Science. A total of nine articles (2.188 patients) were found eligible for inclusion. Effect size and 95% confidence interval were evaluated in this study. The randomized trials exhibit a noteworthy level of heterogeneity (p<0.05), and upon scrutinizing the funnel plot, there is no discernible indication of publication bias. According to the meta-analysis tree graph, the weights of the studies are significantly to the right of the 2 vertical lines. The confidence interval of each study has significant weights. According to the study findings, the interaction of the intestinal flora and the immune system showed us that there is an area that we need to investigate against the COVID-19 disease. For many years, research has tried to explain how the signaling pathways in the intestinal tract are related to the brain. The study revealed that our digestive system plays a crucial role as an auxiliary component of our brain. Future studies should uncover the main ways of this communication. © 2024 Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi. All rights reserved.
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    Experimental Animal Models in Neurological Diseases
    (Duzce University Medical School, 2024) Şirin, N.; Demir, Ş.
    The human brain is a structure that controls billions of neurons and trillions of connections. Having a unique anatomy with countless neurons and connections makes its understanding even more complex. The brain, divided into different regions for specialized functions such as memory, movement, sensation, and emotions, holds great significance in human cognition and behavior. Centuries of research, coupled with advancements in technology, have propelled neuroscience forward, facilitating the understanding of the neurological, behavioral, and structural characteristics of the brain. Developing treatments for neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, migraine, epilepsy, and schizophrenia as well as understanding the complex mechanisms of these diseases, require the exploration of new treatment methods, drugs, and products through direct experimentation on humans, which raises ethical concerns. Therefore, experimental animal models are needed in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. There are currently many experimental animal models developed to elucidate the pathophysiological characteristics of neurological disorders. The aim of this review was to summarize the experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases developed today in sections. While recognizing that an experimental animal model may not fully replicate the disease process in humans, it can at least provide guidance in understanding the disease. © 2024, Duzce University Medical School. All rights reserved.