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Öğe Artificial bee colony-based spectrum handoff algorithm in wireless cognitive radio networks(Wiley, 2018) Bayrakdar, Muhammed Enes; Çalhan, AliIn this work, we proposed a new artificial bee colony-based spectrum handoff algorithm for wireless cognitive radio systems. In our wireless cognitive radio system, primary users, secondary users, and related base stations exist in the same communication environment. For our artificial bee colony-based algorithm, secondary users that always struggle to discover an idle channel have a leading role. While honey bees work hard to find the best-quality nectar source for foraging, secondary users try to find idle channels for making communication. In this way, secondary users are organized for different missions such as sensing and handoff similar to honey bees to minimize spectrum handoff delay by working together. In the spectrum handoff stage, some secondary users must sense the spectrum so that the interrupted secondary user may perform the spectrum handoff process. In our developed spectrum handoff algorithm, the spectrum availability characteristic is observed on the basis of the missions of the bees in the artificial bee colony algorithm with the aim of minimizing the spectrum handoff delay and maximizing probability of finding an idle channel. With the help of the algorithm that is developed using the artificial bee colony, spectrum handoff delay of secondary users is considerably decreased for different number of users without reducing probability of finding an available channel.Öğe Bilişsel radyo ağlarında spektrum el değiştirme(2015) Bayrakdar, Muhammed Enes; Çalhan, AliBilişsel radyo, frekans spektrumundaki kullanılmayan boşlukların fırsatçı bir şekilde kullanılmasını sağlayan yeni bir teknoloji olarak geliştirilmiştir. Sabit spektrum tahsisleri, radyo frekans spektrumunda kullanılmayan frekans kanallarının ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Bilişsel radyo teknolojisi, ikincil kullanıcıların ortamı sezerek spektrumun boş ya da kullanılmayan kısımlarından verimli bir şekilde faydalanmasını amaçlamaktadır. Spektrum yönetimi, birincil (lisanslı) ve ikincil (lisanssız) kullanıcılar arasındaki etkileşimi kontrol eden bir tekniktir. İkincil kullanıcıların birincil kullanıcılara girişim oluşturmaması, bilişsel radyo ağlarının başarımı açısından oldukça önemlidir. İkincil kullanıcılara tahsis edilen frekans kanallarının tekrar birincil kullanıcılara tahsisi durumunda ikincil kullanıcıların yeni bir frekans kanalına geçmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu işlem spektrum el değiştirme olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bilişsel radyo ağlarında spektrum el değiştirme olarak bilinen ikincil kullanıcıların kanal değiştirmesi ile ilgili çalışmalar incelenmiştir.Öğe Bilişsel radyo ağlarında spektrum el değiştirme yöntemlerinin modellenmesi ve analizi(Düzce Üniversitesi, 2017) Bayrakdar, Muhammed Enes; Çalhan, AliBilişsel radyo tabanlı ağlarda, lisanslı (birincil) kullanıcıların ikincil kullanıcıların yol açabileceği herhangi bir girişim (interference) riski altında olmamaları gerekmektedir. Birincil kullanıcılara girişimde bulunulmaması, bilişsel radyo sistemi tarafından mutlaka sağlanması gereken bir koşuldur. Spektrumda bir ikincil kullanıcı iletişim yaparken, kanal birincil kullanıcı tarafından kullanılacaksa ilgili spektrumun boşaltılması gerekmektedir. İkincil kullanıcının spektrum kanalını boşaltmak amacıyla iletişimini kesmesi ya da başka bir spektruma geçiş yaparak iletişimini sürdürmesi gerekmektedir. İkincil kullanıcının spektrum kanalını boşaltmak için bir spektrumdan başka bir spektruma geçiş yaparak iletişimini sürdürmesi spektrum el değiştirme olarak ifade edilmektedir. El değiştirme işlemi için kullanılan çeşitli teknik ve yöntemler bulunmaktadır. Bu teknik ve yöntemler yardımı ile ikincil kullanıcıların iletişimleri kesilmeden başka spektrumlara geçiş yapmaları sağlanmaktadır. El değiştirme işleminde, dikkat edilmesi gereken bir durum da kuyruk yapısındaki öncelik sınıflarıdır. Öncelik sınıfları, bilişsel radyo kullanıcıları arasında iletişim sırasını belirlemektedir. Başka bir ifadeyle, önceliği en yüksek olan kullanıcı ilk sırada iletişim yapma hakkına sahiptir. Öncelik sınıfları ile ilgili olarak göz önünde bulundurulması gereken diğer bir konu da engelli (preemptive) ya da engelsiz (non-preemptive) öncelik tekniği kullanılmasıdır. Engelli öncelik tekniğinde, spektrumdaki düşük öncelikli iletişim kesilerek yüksek öncelikli iletişime başlanmaktadır. Engelsiz öncelik tekniğinde ise, spektrumdaki düşük öncelikli iletişimin bitmesi beklenmekte ve iletişim tamamlandıktan sonra yüksek öncelikli iletişime başlanmaktadır. El değiştirme işleminde öncelik sınıfları, güncel ve önü açık bir çalışma konusu olduğundan dolayı tez konusu olarak seçilmiştir. Yaptığımız tez çalışmasında, ikincil kullanıcıların öncelik sınıfları göz önüne alınarak el değiştirme işleminin gerçekleştirilmesi sağlanmıştır ve birden fazla parametreli karar verme süreçlerinde yapay zeka tekniklerinden yararlanılmıştır. Geliştirilen kanal birleştirme ve öncelik tabanlı spektrum el değiştirme yöntemi sayesinde, ağın toplam iş çıkarma oranı artırılarak el değiştirme sayısı ve kümülatif el değiştirme gecikmesi en aza indirilmiştir.Öğe Comparative Performance Evaluation of Efficient Spectrum Handoff Methods in Wireless Cognitive Networks(Ieee, 2018) Bayrakdar, Muhammed Enes; Çalhan, AliThere are a variety of techniques and methods used for spectrum handoff in cognitive radio networks. With the help of these techniques and methods, it is ensured that the secondary users can switch to other spectrum without interrupting their communication. Optimization and artificial intelligence techniques in spectrum handoff process are discussed because they are current and open-minded topics. In this work, it has been possible to carry out the spectrum handoff process in various ways, taking into account the needs of the secondary users, and artificial intelligence techniques have been utilized in the decision making process with multiple parameters. By means of the developed hybrid and artificial intelligence based spectrum handoff methods, comparative network parameters such as total number of handoff and total spectrum handoff duration are obtained. In this way, it is possible for the secondary user to select the appropriate method according to the environment conditions.Öğe A Cooperative Communication Approach for Voluntary Secondary Users in Cognitive Radio Networks(Ieee, 2015) Bayrakdar, Muhammed Enes; Bayrakdar, SümeyyeCognitive radio is a new network technology that provides an opportunity for secondary users to utilize the spectrum in an opportunistic manner. With this technology, effective spectrum usage is aimed by preventing the spectrum bands remain unexploited when it is not used by primary users. Cooperative communication is a new technology that depends on cooperation of communication systems among each other. In cooperative communication technology, a couple of users make transmission diversity by transmitting signals over one another. In this work, a new approach that secondary users act as a relay of the cooperative communication when they sense the spectrum is proposed. According to proposed approach, because secondary users do not communicate while sensing, they help other users as relay in these times. The proposed relay uses amplify and forward cooperative communication protocol in order to prevent any interruption that remote users may be exposed because of signal attenuation. It is seen that this approach has better performance than cognitive radio system that do not use cooperative communication.Öğe Cooperative communication based access technique for sensor networks(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Bayrakdar, Muhammed EnesThe collaboration of users in communication systems is defined as cooperative communication. The cognitive radio, i.e. dynamic spectrum access technique, is a wireless communication technology that provides a great chance for unlicensed users to exploit the frequency bands in an opportunistic way. A wireless sensor network is a widely used communication technology composing of spatially distributed independent sensors in order to monitor physical or environmental circumstances. In this work, a new technique that unlicensed users become a cooperative relay when they are in idle mode is proposed. Along with the proposed technique, unlicensed users help sensor nodes as a cooperative relay when they are in idle mode. Similarly, sensor nodes help unlicensed users for detecting idle frequency bands while in sleep mode. By preventing any disruption that remote users may be exposed owing to signal attenuation, the proposed cooperative relay utilises amplify and forward based cooperative communication protocol. Thanks to this approach; the overall network has greater performance than wireless sensor network that does not use cooperative communication based dynamic access technique in terms of throughput, energy, and delay.Öğe Cost Effective Smart System for Water Pollution Control with Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: A Simulation Study(C R L Publishing Ltd, 2020) Bayrakdar, Muhammed EnesThe underwater sensor network is a rapidly developing area of research with a wide range of applications such as data collection in the ocean, pollution monitoring, and ocean sampling. One of the most researched areas is the coverage of underwater sensor networks, which are the basis of many applications. The coverage is usually related to how effectively a network is monitored by the sensor. There are major problems in the ocean or marine region, especially in water pollution. Underwater pollution generally causes acidification, plastic residues, and toxins. Today, the determination of this pollution is carried out through a human surveillance monitoring process. Therefore, there is a need for an automatic and intelligent monitoring system to identify the formation of pollution. The proposed simulation model defines the intelligent sensor-based monitoring system that identifies and alarms the formation of underwater pollution. Aloha was chosen as the medium access protocol for the cost-effective system in which we designed the simulation model. The efficiency of the system has been shown to be more stable, cost-effective and manageable than the monitoring process involving the existing human surveillance by testing with the simulation model.Öğe Decısıon System For Rule Based Spectrum Handoff Process Of Secondary Users(2017) Bayrakdar, Muhammed Enes; Çalhan, AliBilişsel radyo ağları, gelecek nesil kablosuz ağlar alanında öne çıkan teknolojilerden biridir. Geleneksel kablosuz ağlardaki sabit spektrum atamalarına karşılık, bilişsel radyo ağları dinamik spektrum tahsis esasına göre çalışmaktadır. Dinamik spektrum tahsis işlemlerinde, ikincil kullanıcıların spektrum bandı değiştirmesi spektrum el değiştirme olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ikincil kullanıcılar için bulanık mantık tabanlı spektrum el değiştirme karar sistemi önerilmiştir. Sistemimiz, üç giriş parametresi ve bir de çıkış parametresinden oluşmaktadır. Çıkıştaki spektrum el değiştirme olasılığı; birincil kullanıcıların ortam kullanım yoğunluğu, ikincil kullanıcıların veri oranı ve ortamdaki gürültü etkisi giriş parametrelerine göre elde edilmektedir. Her bir giriş parametresinin çıkışa olan etkisi ayrı ayrı irdelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlardan, birincil kullanıcıların spektrum kullanım yoğunluğunun diğer giriş parametrelerinden daha baskın olduğu gözlemlenmiştirÖğe Delay Characteristics of TDMA Medium Access Control Protocol for Cognitive Radio Networks(Ieee, 2016) Bayrakdar, Muhammed Enes; Çalhan, AliIn this work, we have evaluated the delay characteristics of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) protocol. In our simulation scenarios, primary users and secondary users exploit TDMA as a medium access control protocol. We have designed a network environment in Riverbed (OPNET) simulation software that consists of primary users, secondary users, and base stations. In our network model, secondary users sense the spectrum and inform the base station about empty channels. Then, the base station decides accordingly which secondary user may exploit the empty channel. Energy detection technique is employed as a spectrum sensing technique because it is the best when information about signal of primary user is obtained. Besides, different number of users is selected in simulation scenarios in order to achieve accurate delay results. Comparing analytical model with simulation results, we have shown that delay analysis of our system model is reliable and correct.Öğe Employing machine learning based malicious signal detection for cognitive radio networks(Wiley, 2023) Türkyılmaz, Yasin; Şentürk, Arafat; Bayrakdar, Muhammed EnesIn cognitive radio networks, the empty spectrum that is also named as spectrum hole is detected with the help of spectrum sensing techniques. Energy detection is the most utilized spectrum sensing technique owing to its low complexity. In the energy detection technique, a spectrum hole is detected with a predefined threshold. In this article, machine learning based malicious signal detection is employed for cognitive radio networks. The design of cognitive radio users and network environment is simulated with Riverbed simulation software. The received signal is controlled whether it is a malicious signal or just a secure sensing signal. The fuzzy logic based system is utilized for the security categorization of spectrum sensing signals as malicious, suspicious, and secure sensing signals. Fuzzy logic parameters are taken from the machine learning features that are chosen as the most effective 3 features among all 49 features. The security of primary users is enhanced when compared to other schemes in the literature. The results of the proposed machine learning based malicious signal detection system are validated with the results acquired from the fuzzy logic based approach. The random forest method gives the best results among all machine learning methods for the detection of signals.Öğe Employing sensor network based opportunistic spectrum utilization for agricultural monitoring(Elsevier, 2020) Bayrakdar, Muhammed EnesIn this work, a cognitive Wireless Regional Area Network (WRAN) technology-based sensor network for agricultural monitoring is proposed. In WRAN technology, a Consumer Premise Equipment (CPE) and a base station communicate through incumbent channels opportunistically without causing any harmful interference to incumbent operations. Because CPE in IEEE 802.22 WRAN is considered as a fixed device, CPE with sensing capability is suitable for wireless sensor network environment in agriculture monitoring where there is no need for node mobility. The proposed network model consists of terrestrial and underground networks. In terrestrial network, CPEs employ Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) technique with the purpose of sensing environmental data such as temperature, pressure, etc. and transmitting them to the base station. In the underground network, underground sensor nodes use Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) technique with the aim of sensing underground data such as humidity, soil mineral, etc. and transmitting them to the base station via cluster heads. After obtaining the analytical model of the proposed network, the simulation model of the network is carried out using Riverbed Modeler. The graphical results prove the validity and applicability of the proposed network in terms of throughput and energy consumption without any spectrum cost for agricultural monitoring in rural areas. (c) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Energy-Efficient Technique for Monitoring of Agricultural Areas with Terrestrial Wireless Sensor Networks(World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2020) Bayrakdar, Muhammed EnesIn this paper, a monitoring technique based on the wireless sensor network is investigated. The sensor nodes used for monitoring are developed in a simulation environment. Accordingly, the structure and workflow of wireless sensor network nodes are designed. Time-division multiple access (TDMA) protocol has been chosen as the medium access technique to ensure that the designed technique operates in an energy-efficient manner and packet collisions are not experienced. Fading channels, i.e., no interference, Ricean and Rayleigh, are taken into consideration. Energy consumption is decreased with the help of ad-hoc communication of sensor nodes. Throughput performance for different wireless fading channels and energy consumption are evaluated. The simulation results show that the sensor network can quickly collect medium information and transmit data to the processing center in real time. Besides, the proposed technique suggests the usefulness of wireless sensor networks in the terrestrial areas.Öğe Enhancing sensor network sustainability with fuzzy logic based node placement approach for agricultural monitoring(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2020) Bayrakdar, Muhammed EnesWireless sensor networks are widely used in many areas such as underground monitoring, underwater monitoring, and agricultural monitoring. Agricultural monitoring is mostly used in rural areas by farmers with the aim of increasing agricultural productivity. Therefore, the technique of determining the locations where sensor nodes are located in terms of cost and sustainability is very important. The locations where the nodes are located affect the probability of the target region that is within the detection area of a sensor node, relay node, and their connection to the collector station. In this article, a new approach is proposed in which a large number of sensor nodes are placed over a wide agricultural area. In addition, fuzzy logic-based relay selection approach is proposed to enhance network sustainability for agricultural monitoring. Sensor nodes are considered to sense values such as temperature, humidity, pressure, etc. in an agricultural area. Sensor nodes are placed to cover the entire agricultural region to detect these parameters. The values sensed by the sensor nodes are collected by the collector station, which is stationary in the center. The simulation model of the proposed approach was carried out using the Riverbed Modeler software. Thanks to the proposed node placement and relay node selection approaches, it is provided to monitor a certain agricultural area with the least number of wireless sensor nodes.Öğe Exploiting cognitive wireless nodes for priority-based data communication in terrestrial sensor networks(Wiley, 2019) Bayrakdar, Muhammed EnesA priority-based data communication approach, developed by employing cognitive radio capacity for sensor nodes in a wireless terrestrial sensor network (TSN), has been proposed. Data sensed by a sensor node-an unlicensed user-were prioritized, taking sensed data importance into account. For data of equal priority, a first come first serve algorithm was used. Non-preemptive priority scheduling was adopted, in order not to interrupt any ongoing transmissions. Licensed users used a nonpersistent, slotted, carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) technique, while unlicensed sensor nodes used a nonpersistent CSMA technique for lossless data transmission, in an energy-restricted, TSN environment. Depending on the analytical model, the proposed wireless TSN environment was simulated using Riverbed software, and to analyze sensor network performance, delay, energy, and throughput parameters were examined. Evaluating the proposed approach showed that the average delay for sensed, high priority data was significantly reduced, indicating that maximum throughput had been achieved using wireless sensor nodes with cognitive radio capacity.Öğe Fuzzy Logic Based Channel Selection for Mobile Secondary Users in Cognitive Radio Networks(Ieee, 2015) Bayrakdar, Muhammed Enes; Çalhan, AliCognitive radio is a new technology that aims to solve the spectrum scarcity problem. In cognitive radio networks; because secondary users utilize the spectrum in an opportunistic manner, it is crucial not to cause any interference to the primary users. In this work, a new approach for channel assignment to mobile secondary users by means of fuzzy logic is proposed. In the proposed fuzzy logic system; by using input parameters of density, mobility, and noise, channel selection probability is obtained. Density parameter expresses how intense the spectrum is used by primary users. Mobility parameter is a distance among secondary users, primary users, and base station. Noise parameter represents the noise, and other disruptive effects in the spectrum. Channel selection probability shows which frequency band of primary users to use according to the parameters of mobile secondary user. In the proposed system, the most suitable channel selection is provided for mobile secondary users.Öğe Fuzzy Logic based Coordinator Node Selection Approach in Wireless Medical Sensor Networks(Ieee, 2019) Bayrakdar, Muhammed EnesWireless medical sensor networks arc now widely used to make people's lives easier in the healthcare field. Early diagnosis and treatment of diseases before reaching the utmost level is of great importance. In this context, the use of medical sensing devices to prevent diseases is increasing day by day. In this study, a fuzzy logic based coordinator node selection approach is recommended for patients who should be monitored with health data sensor nodes in the hospital environment. The task of a node is to collect data (blood pressure, temperature, etc.) from the sensor devices located on a patient. The task of the coordinator node is to collect the health data of different patients and forward them to the collector station with the aim of monitoring and following-up. If the coordinating node is not selected well, there may be a risk that some of the health data may not be transmitted to the collector station or transmitted incorrectly. For fuzzy logic based coordinator node selection; input parameters such as node energy, node mobility, and data density were taken into account. When the simulation results obtained are analyzed, it is seen that the proposed approach is quite successful in the selection process of coordinator nodes. Besides; compared to arbitrary coordinator node selection systems, it is seen that the probability of incorrect data transmission is greatly reduced.Öğe Fuzzy Logic Based Spectrum Handoff Decision for Prioritized Secondary Users in Cognitive Radio Networks(Ieee, 2015) Bayrakdar, Muhammed Enes; Çalhan, AliRecent studies have revealed that due to the increasing number of wireless users, spectrum scarcity problem has arisen. In order to alleviate this problem, cognitive radio technology has emerged with the aim of using available spectrum in an opportunistic manner by secondary users. While utilizing licensed spectrum, it is inevitable for secondary users not to cause any interference to the primary users. Once the primary user activity is detected on the licensed channel at the time of on-going transmission of secondary user, secondary user must either change the licensed spectrum or stop its transmission. This case of changing spectrum by secondary user is known as spectrum handoff. In this paper, fuzzy logic based spectrum handoff decision is carried out by using data rate, channel usage, and priority. Different data traffics such as audio, and video are considered for secondary users. In order to simulate data traffics, two different simulation scenarios are realized. Besides, several priority classes are taken into account for urgent and real-time communications. In the proposed system, it is seen that accurate spectrum handoff decisions are made for different traffic types.Öğe Improving spectrum handoff utilization for prioritized cognitive radio users by exploiting channel bonding with starvation mitigation(Elsevier Gmbh, 2017) Bayrakdar, Muhammed Enes; Çalhan, AliIn this study, priority based non-preeinptive M/G/1 queueing model of spectrum handoff scheme is proposed in Wireless Cognitive Radio Networks. Channel bonding mechanism with starvation mitigation is employed in order to improve spectrum handoff utilization for secondary users. Since spectrum handoff offers an opportunity to secondary users for continuing their communication, it is of critical significance to determine action of primary users. In the queueing model, prioritized data traffic with aging solution to starvation is exploited to meet requirements of the secondary users. In aging mechanism; when the packet of the low priority secondary user waits in the queue more than three frame times, priority of that packet is increased. Packets of secondary users are categorized into three different priority classes, i.e., urgent, real time, and non-real time where non-real time data packets have the lowest priority while urgent data packets have the highest priority. Channel bonding mechanism is described as combining two subsequent time slots if the size of the packet is bigger than one time slot. Idle time slots for channel bonding are determined using both proactive and reactive decision based spectrum handoff schemes. Before starting spectrum handoff process with proactive scheme, first of two subsequent time slot is sensed using reactive scheme. Riverbed Modeler simulation software is utilized to simulate channel bonding and aging mechanisms. Analytical results are shown to be matched with the simulation results obtained under different load and-arrival rates. This study has also exposed that the throughput of secondary users could be increased significantly by employing aging solution to starvation, and channel bonding mechanisms. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Öğe Kablosuz Algılayıcı Ağlar için Gecikme Duyarlı CSMA Ortam Erişim Tekniğinin Performans Değerlendirmesi(2020) Bayrakdar, Muhammed EnesKablosuz algılayıcı ağ ortamları, kablolu iletişim ile karşılaştırıldığında genellikle esneklik avantajı nedeniyle tercih edilmektedir. Bu makalede, kablosuz algılayıcı ağlar için gecikme duyarlı CSMA ortam erişim tekniğinin performans değerlendirmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kablosuz algılayıcı düğümler, sınırlı enerjiye sahip olduklarından dolayı kayıpsız veri iletişimi için CSMA ortam erişim tekniğini kullanmaktadırlar. Enerji verimliliğini artırmak amacıyla, kablosuz algılayıcı düğümler boşta iken uyku durumuna geçerek bekleme yapmaktadırlar. Analitik modelin matematiksel olarak elde edilmesinden sonra, kablosuz algılayıcı ağ yapısının benzetim modeli Riverbed yazılımı kullanılarak tasarlanmıştır. Kablosuz algılayıcı ağın performansını analiz etmek için; gecikme, enerji ve iş çıkarma oranı parametreleri incelenmiştir. Performans değerlendirmesi sonuçları incelendiğinde, CSMA tekniği sayesinde ortalama gecikmenin önemli derecede düşürüldüğü görülmektedir. Ayrıca, enerji tüketimi makul düzeyde tutularak kablosuz algılayıcı düğümler sayesinde maksimum iş çıkarma oranı elde edilmektedir.Öğe Kablosuz Algılayıcı Ağlarda En Az Sayıda Düğüm Kullanımı için Maliyet Etkin Algılayıcı Düğüm Yerleştirme Yaklaşımı(2019) Bayrakdar, Muhammed Enesz- Kablosuz algılayıcı ağlar birçok alanda yaygın olarak kullanılan kablosuz ağ teknolojisidir. Yeraltı, karasal,sualtı ve endüstriyel algılayıcı ağlar olmak üzere farklı kullanım alanları bulunmaktadır. Kablosuz algılayıcıağlardaki en önemli sorunlardan birisi, algılayıcı düğümlerin mekanik nedenlerden dolayı arızaya meyilliolmasıdır. Diğer bir sorun ise, kablosuz algılayıcı düğümlerin sınırlı enerjiye sahip olmasıdır. Bu bağlamda, hata sezmemekanizmaları bulunan ve enerji verimli olarak çalışan algılayıcı ağ tasarımları büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bununyanında, maliyet açısından algılayıcı düğümlerin yerleştirildiği konumları belirleme tekniği oldukça önemlidir.Düğümlerin yerleştirildiği konumlar, hedef bölgenin bir düğümün algılama alanı içinde olma olasılığını ve bu düğümünbaz istasyonu ile olan bağlantısını etkilemektedir. Bu makale çalışmasında, çok sayıda algılayıcı düğümün geniş biralana yerleştirildiği farklı bir yaklaşım önerilmektedir. Algılayıcı düğümler; belirli bir bölgedeki sıcaklık, nem, basınçvb. parametreleri algılamak için tüm bölgeyi kapsayacak şekilde yerleştirilmektedir. Düğümler tarafından algılanandeğerler, merkezde sabit olarak bulunan baz istasyonu tarafından toplanmaktadır. Önerilen yaklaşımın benzetimmodeli, Riverbed Modeler yazılımı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Önerilen yaklaşım sayesinde, belirli bir bölgeninen az sayıda kablosuz algılayıcı düğüm ile sezilmesi sağlanmaktadır
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