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    Investigation of Isoniazid, Rifampicin and Second Generation Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Rifampicin-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Strains Isolated at Düzce University Between 2004-2021
    (Duzce Univ, Fac Medicine, 2025) Akbas, Emel; Ege, Nagihan; Atik, Dursun; Caliskan, Emel; Oksuz, Sukru; Sahin, Idris; Ozturk, Elif Cihadiye
    Objective: To determine the gene patterns causing antibiotic resistance in M. Methods: Nineteen rifampicin-resistant MTBC strains isolated between 2004 and 2021 were included. The species of these strains with MTBC genotype and the gene pattern causing rifampicin resistance with MTBDR plus genotype were analysed. Results: Nineteen of the isolates were identified as M. tuberculosis/canetti by the MTBC genotype method. Seven of these isolates were genotypically resistant to rifampicin. One of the resistant isolates had deletion in WT8 and WT6 bands, one had deletion in WT8 band, one had deletion in WT7 band and rpoBMUT2A mutation, and four had deletion in WT8 band and rpoBMUT3 mutation. Seven of the resistant isolates were genotypically INH resistant. Five of them had katGMUT1 mutation with deletion in katGWT band and two of them had only INH AMUT3B mutation. Of the 10 multidrug-resistant MTBC isolates, nine were genotypically resistant to none of the second-generation drugs using the GenoType MTBDR sl ver 2.0 method. However, one isolate could not be evaluated with this assay. Conclusions: The presence of MDR-TB and RR-TB is an important challenge especially in TB control, which increases the need for molecular methods. Although it still has not replaced culture, there is a need for the use and development of new molecular methods that will benefit us in TB treatment and control.
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    The rising threat of antibiotic and multidrug resistance in neonatal urinary tract infections
    (Bmc, 2025) Saglam, Mukaddes Kilic; Yanasoglu, Emine; Sav, Nadide Melike; Kurt, Fatih; Kocabay, Kenan; Akbas, Emel; Sungur, Mehmet Ali
    Object & imath;veUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the significant causes of sepsis in neonates. Currently, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms have become an increasingly prevalent issue in newborns. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and laboratory findings, causative organisms, associated urinary tract anomalies, AMR patterns, and factors influencing the development of MDR in neonatal UTIs.MethodsMicroorganisms in urine cultures obtained through bladder catheterization from neonates were identified, and AMR profiles as well as MDR organisms were determined. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and VITEK 2 Compact system. The cultures were categorized into two groups: MDR and non-MDR. A retrospective evaluation was conducted to assess the impact of clinical, laboratory, and imaging data on the development of MDR.ResultsData from 51 neonatal UTIs between 2018 and 2024 were evaluated. The most common microorganisms were Esherichia coli (E. Coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. Pneumoniae). A total of 75% of the E. coli strains demonstrated resistance to ampicillin. Resistance rates of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and Enterobacter spp. to gentamicin was 25%, 30.7%, and 80%, respectively. Among the microorganisms 55% of E. coli, 100% of Enterobacter spp., 38.5% of K. pneumoniae, and 20% of Enterococcus spp. were MDR. However, no significant correlation was found between MDR and clinical, laboratory, and imaging data. Blood cultures were obtained from all patients prior to the initiation of antibiotic therapy; however, no pathogenic microorganisms were isolated.ConclusionsAMR and MDR in neonatal UTIs appear to be a serious problem. Treatment options in MDR UTIs remain limited, and it is particularly important to research on the pharmacokinetics and safety profiles of antimicrobials in children is essential to expand treatment options for pediatric populations worldwide.