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    Effects of Walnut Septum on The Enzyme Pathways Associated with Plasma Cholesterol Level
    (Duzce Univ, Fac Medicine, 2024) Sirin, Neslihan; Coskun, Nuri Cenk; Adem, Sevki
    Objective: Cholesterol is crucial compound that plays pivotal role in cellular function in living organisms. Its excess or deficiency in plasma can lead to destruction and disintegration of cell membrane structure. Maintaining balanced intake of cholesterol in diet and seeking medical treatment, if necessary, can help prevent these negative effects. Furthermore, people often resort to natural and herbal remedies, such as walnut septum. Due to dearth of scientific data regarding effects of walnut septum on cholesterol metabolism, this research was undertaken to explore its potential effects. Methods: Analysis was begun by extracting septum using various solvents. Resulting extracts were then analyzed using GC-MS, and compounds were identified by using an integrated library database. To detect effects of extracts on cholesterol esterase and HMGCoA reductase, a colorimetric method was employed. Results: Monophenol, 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol, ethyl linoleate, and butyl linoleate were some of compounds detected by GC-MS scanning. The highest inhibitions were observed in the enzymatic analysis, with a rate of 3.2% (acetone) in the HMG-CoA reductase analysis and 13.6% (water) in the cholesterol esterase analysis. Conclusions: Although the walnut septum extract contains various chemical compounds, our in vitro analysis data suggest that there is no inhibitory effect at therapeutic level on enzyme pathways that regulate plasma cholesterol levels, namely HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol esterase. We believe that further research is necessary to comprehensively evaluate its effects on other pathways.
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    Investigation of the efficacy on tyrosinase enzyme of 5-substituted-1H-tetrazole derivatives synthesized with Pd-containing nanoparticle
    (Indian Acad Sciences, 2024) Aydinli, Elif; Hameed, Zeyad Adil; Goksu, Haydar; Adem, Sevki
    Synthesis of 5-substituted-1H-tetrazole derivatives from aryl aldehydes under the influence of Palladium nanoparticles entrapped in aluminum hydroxide matrix (Pd/AlO(OH) NPs) was carried out in ethanol for 3-6 h. The use of the catalyst in this synthesis is the first. Sodium azide and malononitrile used in the reaction are chemical compounds required in the synthesis of tetrazoles. The reactions were concluded with good yields under thermal conditions. In the reactions, twelve derivatives were synthesized. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H, and 13C NMR. The olefinic proton's signal, which is around 8.5 ppm, reveals the formation of the tetrazole ring. The tyrosinase enzyme activity for each synthesized derivative was examined, and the results were recorded. According to the results obtained, all tetrazole derivatives were found to be effective compounds for tyrosinase enzyme inhibition. 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)acrylonitrile (2k) with two chloride groups at the meta and para position of the phenyl ring seems to be the most potent tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 45 mu M.Graphical abstractSYNOPSIS: 5-substituted-1H-tetrazole derivatives were synthesized under the influence of PdAlO(OH) NPs and under mild conditions. Tyrosinase enzyme activity was investigated for each of the twelve synthesized derivatives. As a result, synthesized tetrazole derivatives were identified as potential tyrosinase inhibitors.