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Öğe ACTIVITY OF COMMERCIAL STILL WATERS FROM VOLATILE OILS PRODUCTION AGAINST WOOD DECAY FUNGI(Univ Bio-Bio, 2010) Şen, Selim; Yalçın, MesutThe antifungal properties of some commercial plant waters obtained as side products in producing distilled oils were investigated. Paper disc samples were impregnated with various plant waters and exposed to wood decay fungi for 3 months in Petri dishes. Ten types of plant water (Laurus nobilis, Calluna vulgaris, Lavandula stoechas, Thymus vulgaris, Myrtus communis, Eucalyptus globulus, Mentha pulegium, Urtica dioica, Melissa officinalis, and Matricaria chamomilla were examined. Seven fungi were used (Phanerochaete chrysosporium,Ceriporiopsis subvermisphora, Gloeophyllum trabeum,Trametes versicolor, Oligoporus placenta, Pleurotus ostreams, and Coniophora puteana). The antifungal activities of the plant waters obtained from thyme and lavender were particularly high.Öğe ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF GEOTHERMAL FLUIDS FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS OF TURKEY(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2012) Var, Ahmet Ali; Yalçın, Mesut; Şen, Selim; Taşçıoğlu, CihatAntifungal effects of geothermal fluids obtained from the Ankara, Afyon, Denizli, and Eskisehir regions of Turkey on white-rot (Trametes versicolor, MAD-697) and brown-rot (Coniophora puteana, FPRL 11E) fungus (Basidiomycetes) were studied. Fungal experiments were performed on kraft paper and Scots pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.). We used non-concentrated geothermal water and concentrated geothermal water (via evaporation) in ratios of 25%, 50%, and 75%. To evaluate the results, we measured the concentration of specific minerals in the geothermal fluids such as boron (B), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), sulfate (SO4), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), fluoride (F), potassium (K), and ammonia (NH3). The highest antifungal effect was observed for a geothermal fluid from the Denizli region, followed by Ankara, Afyon, and Eskisehir, in decreasing order. Antifungal properties of GFs are thought to be associated with the type and amount of mineral substances. In addition, the antifungal effects increased with increasing concentrations of geothermal water.Öğe Antifungal properties of some plant extracts used as wood preservatives(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2013) Taşçıoğlu, Cihat; Yalçın, Mesut; Şen, Selim; Akçay, ÇaglarThis study evaluated antifungal resistance of some commercial and environmentally friendly plant extracts. Four different concentrations of mimosa (Acacia mollissima), quebracho (Schinopsis lorentzii) and pine (Pinus brutia) bark extracts known with their high condense tannin amounts were used to impregnate Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L), beech (Fagus orientalis L.) and poplar (Populus tremula) wood specimens. Extract treated wood specimens were tested against two types of white rot fungi (Trametes versicolor and Pleurotus ostreatus) and two types of brown rot fungi (Fomitopsis palustris and Gloeophyllum trabeum) for 16 weeks. The lowest mass loss rates were recorded for mimosa and quebracho extract treated wood blocks at the 9% and 12% concentration levels against both white and brown rot fungi. Pine bark extract, on the other hand, seemed to be ineffective against all fungi species tested even at the highest concentration level (12%). The current study suggests that commercial mimosa and quebracho extracts can be utilized as alternative wood preservative chemicals against common wood decay fungi in indoor applications. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Çeşitli Koruyucu Maddeler ile Emprenye Edilmiş Sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) Odununda Deniz Şartlarında Oluşan Ağırlık Kayıplarının İncelenmesi(Düzce Üniversitesi, 2009) Şen, Selim; Yalçın, MesutBu çalışmada, Türkiye denizlerinde 4 ayrı limanda (Trabzon, Bandırma, Finike ve İskenderun), CCA, CCBve Tanalith-E ile emprenyeli sarıçam odun örneklerinde oluşan ağırlık kayıpları belirlenmiştir. Odunörneklerinin emprenyesinde %10 luk çözelti konsantrasyonları kullanılmıştır. İki yıl süren bu çalışmasonunda, en az ağırlık kaybı (% 0.6) CCA ile emprenyeli odunlarda Finike limanında, en fazla ağırlık kaybıise Tanalith-E ile emprenye edilmiş odunlarda Trabzon limanında ortaya çıkmıştır.Öğe Determination of biological performance, dimensional stability, mechanical and thermal properties of wood-plastic composites produced from recycled chromated copper arsenate-treated wood(Sage Publications Ltd, 2016) Taşçıoğlu, Cihat; Tufan, Mürşit; Yalçın, Mesut; Şen, SelimThe aim of this study was to investigate the dimensional stability, mechanical and biological performance and thermal degradation of wood-plastic composites made from high-density polyethylene and recycled wood treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA), a commonly used wood preservative chemical. Virgin pine wood samples were also prepared with and without a coupling agent and used as the control group. Samples of CCA-treated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) with varying wood content were produced by adding different ratios of the coupling agent. The recycled CCA-treated wood-filled composites exhibited better flexural and tensile strength properties and dimensional stability than the control group, whilst their impact strength was less. Biological test values showed improved durability against termites and fungus with the recycled CCA-treated wood-filled composites. In addition, the leaching of heavy metals was significantly diminished when the coupling agent was utilized at a level of 5% (w/w), thus presenting a much lower impact on the environment.Öğe Fixation, leachability, and decay resistance of wood treated with some commercial extracts and wood preservative salts(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2009) Şen, Selim; Taşçıoğlu, Cihat; Tırak, KamileBeech (Fagus orientalis) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) wood blocks were treated with some commercial extracts as well as water-based wood preservative salts at various concentrations to increase retention and fixation. The penetration, fixation. and antifungal properties of different treatment solutions were compared with statistical analysis. Retention levels of solutions were generally higher for Scots pine wood than beech wood. The highest retention levels were seen in wood treated with sumac leaf extract and oak valonia extract. Leaching tests indicated that both wood types treated with sumac extracts showed higher retention levels than wood treated with the other fruit and bark extract solutions. Adding 1% water-based wood preservative salts to valonia and sumac leaf extracts increased the retention levels. Concentrations of more than 1% did not contribute to retention either individually or with salt additions. Three percent and higher concentrations of wood-preserving salts accelerated and increased the amount of leaching. The results showed that the extract alone was resistant to leaching, Mycological tests showed that all extractives were significantly effective against wood decay. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Fouling and boring organisms that deteriorate various European and tropical woods at Turkish seas(Academic Journals, 2010) Şen, Selim; Sivrikaya, Hüseyin; Yalçın, Mesut; Bakır, Ahmet Kerem; Öztürk, BilalThis study aims to investigate the diversity of fouling and boring organisms damaging wood material at Turkish coasts. Trials were carried out at six harbour sites throughout the seas surrounding Turkey. Various Euopean and tropical wood samples were hanged down at a depth of six meters in the sea for a period of one year. Identification of the organisms obtained from wood panels revealed the presence of five wood borer and 26 fouling species. Iskenderun harbour had the highest boring organism diversity (five species) and it was followed by Trabzon and Finike harbours (three species) and Bandirma, Eregli and Alacati harbours (two species). The two molluscan boring species, Teredo navalis and Lyrodus pedicellatus were observed at all harbour sites, but Nototeredo norvegica was at Trabzon and Iskenderun harbours only. Bankia carinata was obtained only at Iskenderun harbour and the crustacean wood borer Limnoria tripunctata was found at Finike and Iskenderun harbours. All native tree species, except for the olive, were significantly damaged by fouling and boring organisms.Öğe Fungicide and insecticide properties of cardboard panels made from used beverage carton with veneer overlay(Academic Journals, 2010) Şen, Selim; Ayrılmış, Nadir; Candan, ZekiThis study evaluated fungicide and insecticide properties of the cardboard substrate panels overlaid with beech veneer. The experimental cardboards from recycled food and beverage carton containers having approximately 75% paperboard, 20% low density polyethylene ( LDPE), and 5% aluminum foil were overlaid using four types of adhesives; polyurethane (PU), phenol-formaldehyde(PF), urea-formaldehyde(UF) and melamine-urea formaldehyde (MUF). The cardboard specimens overlaid with veneer using polyurethane adhesive had better mechanical properties and water resistance than those of the specimens made with other three types of adhesives. Brown rot fungus Coniophora puteana and white rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermisphora were used for the decay tests. The larvae of the Rhagium bifasciatum F. was used for the insect test. Wood veneer faced cardboards had significantly higher antifungal and insecticide properties than those of the control wood samples. The weight losses of the cardboard groups caused by C. puteana and C. subvermisphora were 0.43 - 0.83%. While UF-cardboard type board was the most affected group by the fungus, MUF-cardboard type was found as the most resistance group against larvae.Öğe Investigation of Effects of Fire Retardant Chemical Substances on Mold Resistance in Laminate Parquet(Düzce Üniversitesi, 2013) Özdemir, Ferhat; Tutuş, Ahmet; Şen, SelimThe aim of this study is to determine the effects of certain fire retardant chemicals on mold resistance of laminate flooring. As a source of fiber for high density fiberboard (HDF) panels were used a mixture of %50 yellow pine and beech fibers. HDF panels were produced in 6,5 mm thickness by adding fire retardant chemical materials into fiber. In proportion to complete dry fiber essence fire retardant chemicals borax (BX), boric acid (BA), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and alpha-x (AX) in pulverized form were added in the ratios of 3%, 6%, and 9%. Afterwards, surfaces of produced HDF boards were coated with overlay, decor and balance sheets and then laminated floorings boards were produced.Mold resistance of produced laminate flooring was explored. In the test, Aspergillus niger and Aureobasidium pullulans mold were used. To detect mold resistance, the test was made according to ASTM D4445–10. It was determined that 3%, 6%, and 9% additions of fire retardant (FR) chemicals enhanced mold resistance of laminat flooring. As a result, it was ascertained that type of chemicalÖğe LARVICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME BARK AND WOOD EXTRACTS AGAINST WOOD-DAMAGING INSECTS(Univ Bio-Bio, 2017) Şen, Selim; Yalçın, Mesut; Taşçıoğlu, Cihat; Özbayram, Ali KemalThis study investigates the larvicidal activities of plant extracts and tannins against wood-damaging insects. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), beech (Fagus orientalis), and poplar wood (Populus tremula) were subjected to larvae of Spondylis buprestoides (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) by impregnating them with mimosa (Acacia mollissima), quebracho (Schinopsis lorentzii) and redpine bark (Pinus brutia) extracts. At the end of the 6-month experiment, the numbers of dead and live larvae as well as the mean mass losses of woods were determined. In terms of wood species, the lowest larva resistance was observed in Scots pine wood, while the highest larva resistance was achieved by beech wood. The lowest mass losses and the highest dead termite rates in all tree species were observed when the concentration of mimosa and quebracho extracts was 12%. On the other hand, the pine bark extract showed a lower larvicide effect than the other two extracts.Öğe Meşe Palamudu (Quercus ithaburensis Decne subsp macrolepis) atıklarının pleurotus ostreatus üretiminde kullanımı(2011) Şen, Selim; Yalçın, MesutBu çalışma deri sanayisinin önemli hammaddelerinden biri olan me?e palamudunun (Quercus ithaburensis Decne subsp macrolepis) tanen üretiminde değerlendirildikten sonra açığa çıkan atık materyalin Pleurotus ostreatus mantarının üretiminde kullanım durumunun belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Ortaya çıkan atık, içerdiği nem miktarının yüksek olması, kurutma maliyetleri ve nakliye masraflarından dolayı değerlendirilemeyerek işletmelerin sahalarında birikerek, geniş yer işgal etmektedir. Atık olarak temin edilen materyalin kimyasal analizi yapılarak lignoselülozik ortamda yetişen P. ostreatus mantarı üretimi için kompostlar hazırlanmıştır. Misel oluşum süresi 45 gün, mantar verimi %24,5 (yaş ağırlık/taze ağırlık) olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda meşe palamudu atıklarının bu mantarın yetiştirilmesinde kompost olarak kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir.Öğe Natural durability of heartwoods from European and tropical Africa trees exposed to marine conditions(Academic Journals, 2009) Şen, Selim; Sivrikaya, Hüseyin; Yalçın, MesutMarine durability of heartwoods obtained from tropical African and European species against marine borer attacks in underwater exposure in Turkish coasts was investigated. Test hangers including wood species of 18 European and 15 African wood species were fastened to test area and exposed at a depth of 6 m along the coasts of seas (East and West Black Sea, Marmara Sea, Aegean, East and West coasts of mediterranean in Turkey seashore). Most European wood samples suffered severe attacks from boring organisms. On the other hand, some tropical African species (Lophira alata, Nauclea diderichii, Tieghemella heckelii, Chlorophora excelsa, Distemonanthus benthamianus, Pterocarpus soyauxii and Millettia laurentii) showed high natural marine durability in all seas, while the rest of them were only slightly degraded by boring organisms. The test areas in Trabzon, Eregli and iskenderun cities which are industrial harbours were shown to have the highest boring attacks. Other test areas, Bandirma, Alacati and Finike which are yacht marinas were shown to have little boring and fouling attacks.Öğe Tara ve Farklı Borlu Bileşikler ile Emprenye Edilen Sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) Odununun Vida Tutma Direncinin Belirlenmesi(2018) Alkan, Elif; Şen, Selim; Fidan, M. Said; Yaşar, Ş. ŞadiyeAhşap malzemeler çevreden gelecek zararları (biyotik, abiyotik zararlılar, yangın vb.) önlemek ve ahşabın kullanım ömrünü uzatmak için emprenye edilmektedir. Bu nedenle; bu çalışma tara, boraks ve borik asit ile emprenye edilmiş ağaç malzemenin vida tutma direncini belirlemek amacı ile hazırlanmıştır. Sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) odunu ile hazırlanan deney örnekleri, borlu bileşiklerden boraks, borik asit ve boraksborik asit ve doğal emprenye maddelerinden tara ile birlikte kullanılarak emprenye edilmiştir. Bu emprenye işlemi üç farklı çözelti konsantrasyonu (% 1, % 3, % 5) ile ASTM 1413-76 standardına göre yapılmıştır. Emprenye edildikten sonra vida tutma direnci değerleri kontrol örnekleri ile kıyaslanarak belirlenmiştir. Deney sonuçlarına göre; % 5 konsantrasyondaki tara ile emprenye edilen örneklerin vida tutma direncinin daha yüksek çıktığı tespit edilmiştir. Borlu bileşiklerde ise, borik asitboraks karışımının daha yüksek değerlerde olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu durumda, yağmur suyu etkisine maruz kalmayan kullanım yerlerinde % 5 konsantrasyondaki borik asitboraks karışımı tercih edilebilir.Öğe The Utilization of Hazelnut Shell (Coryllus Avellana L.) Residues as Compressed Combustible Fuel(Düzce Üniversitesi, 2013) Güler, Cengiz; Şen, SelimIn this research, we have studied some opportunities for using hazelnut shells (Coryllus avellana L.) as compressed combustible fuel in the context of biomass material. A pellet mill was used during the production. The physical and chemical characteristics of the material obtained were subjected to various combustion, calorie and chemical tests. The calorific value of the obtained compressed material and the standby time in its glowing state was improved. We have determined that such charcoal, made from hazelnut shells, has characteristics similar to another coal made from wood timber and can be used in similar ways.Öğe Utilizing the Wastes of Valonia Oak (Quercus ithaburensis Decne subsp macrolepis) in Pleurotus ostreatus Production(Foundation Environmental Protection & Research-Fepr, 2011) Şen, Selim; Yalçın, MesutIn this study, utilizing the wastes of valonia oak (Quercus ithaburensis Decne subsp macrolepis) in P ostreatus cultivation is investigated. The tannin obtained from Valonia oak mostly utilized in leather industry. After having been extracted for tannin, the waste has no industrial utilization yet in Turkey. Milled valonia oak wastes composed of acorn cup held high humidity; therefore, has high drying cost for transporting as well as storage problems of the mills. Valonia oak wastes were used as compost to cultivate P streams. Results indicated that the mycelia development on oak wastes were realized 45 days yield of 24.5% (weight/weight) which is to be considered as potential substrate for P ostreatus cultivation.
