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    Effect of time-activity patterns and microenvironments on the personal exposure of undergraduate students to black carbon
    (Springer, 2022) Uzun, Burcu; Onat, Burcu; Ayvaz, Coskun; Akın, Özcan; Şahin, Ülkü Alver
    In this study, the personal exposure to and potential dose of black carbon (BC) of undergraduate students (22-27 years old, nonsmokers) were determined. BC was continuously measured by a portable device (microAeth (R) AE51) for four consecutive days in Istanbul between April and May 2019. The time-activity diaries filled out by each volunteer were assessed to define the activities and microenvironments (home, school, transportation and entertainment) that contributed to daily BC exposure. The overall mean concentration of BC was 2.0 mu g/m(3), and the mean concentrations on weekdays and weekends were 3.0 mu g/m(3) and 1.1 mu g/m(3), respectively. Transportation made the highest contribution to mean BC exposure (42%) and dose (45.8%) on weekdays, while the contributions of home-based activities to BC exposure (66.1%) and dose (63.2%) were higher on weekends. Students had the most intense exposure to (2.8% and 4.6%) and dose (3.1% and 5.8%) of BC in transportation both on weekdays and on weekends, respectively. Between transportation modes, the mean BC concentration was the highest for minibuses (14.8 mu g/m(3)), while walking made the largest contribution to BC exposure (16.8%) on weekdays. Students spent 12.8% of their weekdays at school, and the contributions of the school environment to BC exposure and dose were 8.5% and 7%, respectively. Exposure to BC increased during cooking and eating activities in microenvironments such as the kitchen, cafe and dining hall.
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    QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SURFACE WATER IN THE AKCADAG BASIN (MALATYA), TURKEY: A CASE STUDY FOR IRRIGATION AND DRINKING PURPOSES
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2019) Şahin, Serap Koşal; Sivri, Nüket; Şahin, Ülkü Alver; Sönmez, Vildan Zülal; Şeker, Dursun Zafer
    The quality of irrigation water has a considerable impact on what plants can be successfully grown, the productivity of these plants, and water infiltration and other soil physical conditions. Irrigated agriculture is dependent on an adequate water supply of usable quality. To avoid problems when using poor quality water supplies, there must be sound planning to ensure that the quality of water available is put to the best use. The usage of irrigation water by Polat and Silrgti Streams is one of the most important factors in respect to the intensification of agricultural activities in the Akcadag Basin. Responsible and accurate use of these factors by means of GIS is of vital importance. This study aims to visualize waters defined to be qualified to be used for irrigation or drinking purposes with the aid of GIS and to ensure the sustainable use of surface waters in the Akcadag Basin. The most common measure to assess irrigation in water is called the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR). The SAR defines sodicity in terms of the relative concentration of sodium (Na) compared to the sum of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) ions in a sample. The SAR assesses the potential for infiltration problems due to a sodium imbalance in irrigation water. The highest value was found in SAR station 2 (0.473) while the lowest value (0.027) was calculated in the station 7. The selected stations should be monitored in wet and dry seasons in order to provide a more accurate interpretation of the area and to ensure proper use. It is possible to aim to protect water resources and make people reach these resources in a healthy way, to create a sustainable water management policy by means of different monitoring tools to be used for the monitoring of the area.