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    Aquasomes: a novel platform for drug delivery
    (Elsevier, 2022) İlhan, Miray; Gültekin, Hazal Ezgi; Rençber, S.; Şenyiğit, Zeynep; Aydın, H.H.
    In recent years, drug research has focused on nanocarrier systems. Self-assembled nanodrug delivery systems such as liposome, niosome, polymersome, and transfersome maintain their popularity as drug research subjects. Aquasomes are also in the class of self-assembled drug delivery systems, but they are not vesicular systems. Aquasomes are formed by the coating of polyhydroxyl oligomers on a solid crystal core. The drug is adsorbed on this oligomer layer, and a three-layer structure is obtained. Aquasomes have two important advantages over other nanoparticular systems. First, the crystal core increases the stability of the particle, and second, the carbohydrate layer provides the appropriate layer for the active substance to be adsorbed. In addition, although it is stated in the literature that it is generally suitable for the delivery of biological molecules such as proteins, antigens, and nucleic acids, since it is a system that can protect the active pharmaceutical ingredient against dehydration, there are also studies for some small molecule drugs. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Effect of process variables on in vitro characteristics of clindamycin phosphate loaded PLGA nanoparticles in dental bone regeneration and 3D characterization studies using nano-CT
    (Elsevier, 2022) İlhan, Miray; Kılıçarslan, Müge; Orhan, Kaan
    Bone tissue surrounding the teeth may be lost due to traumatic, pathological, or physiological reasons, which can result in tooth loss. Therefore, studies in the field of dental surgery have focused on preventing bone loss around the teeth as well as bone regeneration. In the present work, clindamycin phosphate loaded polymeric nano -particles were developed as a local drug delivery system to promote alveolar bone regeneration. The effects of PVA concentration, drug/polymer ratio, inner phase content, polymer type, and pH of the external water phase on the characterization of nanoparticles were investigated by determining the encapsulation efficiency, particle size and size distribution, surface morphology, 3D structure, drug release, and release kinetics of formulations. Encapsulation efficiency was highly dependent on PVA concentration and pH of the external water phase. The mean particle size decreased with the decrease in molecular weight of PLGA. Although using clindamycin phosphate, a water soluble drug, sustained release was achieved for up to 3 months for all formulations. This study revealed that nano-CT visualization is critical in explaining the effects of process parameters on the characterization of nanoparticles. With the 3D images obtained through nano-CT, the internal and external structural properties of the nanoparticles were obtained both visually and quantitatively. The findings of nano -CT imaging that simultaneously determine the 3D structure, size, volume and porosity of nanoparticles were promising for further studies unlike SEM. The differences of internal structural properties between the nano -particles prepared using PCL and PLGA, which could not be distinguished using SEM images, were revealed through nano-CT imagery. Thus, thanks to the 2D and 3D images obtained by nano-CT, it was determined that densely capsular nanoparticles were formed using PCL, and nanoparticles in a matrix structure were formed with PLGA. In addition, the use of nano-CT scanning was particularly effective in interpreting the dissolution rate. Imaging the internal structures of the nanoparticles gave interpretable results in the formulation choices made in this study.
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    Nanovesicles for intravenous drug delivery
    (Elsevier, 2022) Gültekin, Hazal Ezgi; Öner, Ezgi; İlhan, Miray; Karpuz, Merve
    Nanovesicular systems such as liposomes, niosomes, polymersomes, ethosomes, transfersomes, and extracellular vesicles are well-recognized carriers for the effective delivery and controlled release of drugs, genes, phytocompounds, imaging agents, and theranostics. With the intravenous administration of nanovesicles as targeted drug carriers, the bioavailability of active compounds is increased, while side effects at the sites of action are reduced. In this chapter, the nanovesicles are classified based on their structure and the type of drug to be loaded. The remarkable developments in the intravenous administration of nanovesicles are investigated and reviewed. In addition, usage areas of intravenous nanovesicles are highlighted regarding their applications in the treatment of diseases, gene therapy, and imaging. This chapter also provides insight into the place of intravenous nanovesicles in clinical applications by discussing their advantages, disadvantages, and potential challenges. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Nanovesicles for tumor-targeted drug delivery
    (Elsevier, 2022) Karpuz, Merve; İlhan, Miray; Gültekin, Hazal Ezgi; Özgenç, Emre; Şenyiğit, Zeynep; Atlıhan Gündoğdu, Evren
    Cancer is one of the most important burdens for the health systems worldwide due to cancer-related deaths associated with late diagnosis and treatment toxicities. Diagnosis of cancer plays a critical role in reducing cancer death rates as it facilitates early prognosis and treatment. Current cancer treatment mainly includes the resection of tumor tissue, radiation treatment, and pharmaceutical treatment. Although various techniques, methods, and drugs are clinically used in cancer diagnosis and treatment, they are inadequate for early diagnosis and effective treatment. Therefore, several studies regarding cancer-targeted nanosized drug delivery systems and theranostic approach are performed. Nanovesicular systems, one of the most important types of drug delivery systems, are formulated for the effective delivery and controlled release of active compounds such as drugs, genes, phytocompounds, and imaging agents. In this chapter, different types of nanovesicles are reviewed after providing information about conventional cancer imaging and treatment. Furthermore, targeting mechanisms of nanovesicles for cancer are explained. Finally, some studies performed to develop the nanovesicles as the imaging, treatment, or theranostic system for cancer are summarized. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Traditional medicine and modern drug delivery systems: Promising roles of phyto-nanotechnology in rheumatoid arthritis treatment
    (Bentham Science Publishers, 2024) İlhan, Miray; Öztürk, Maide
    Phyto-nanotechnology presents a promising avenue for revolutionizing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. By integrating plant-derived compounds with nanotechnology, this approach addresses the limitations of conventional RA therapies. Nanoformulations of phytochemicals, such as curcumin, resveratrol, and quercetin, enable targeted drug delivery to inflamed joints, optimizing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic side effects. Enhanced bioavailability, attributed to the encapsulation of phytochemicals within nanoparticles, facilitates improved pharmacokinetics and delivery across biological barriers. The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of phytochemicals are harnessed more effectively through nanoparticle-mediated sustained release, offering the potential to suppress inflammatory processes and mitigate joint damage. Furthermore, the cartilageprotective and regenerative capabilities of certain plant-derived compounds can be optimized with nanotechnology, promoting joint health. The versatility of phytonanotechnology allows for combination therapies, synergizing the benefits of multiple compounds and conventional drugs within nanoparticles. While these advancements hold substantial promise, further research is imperative to refine nanoparticle formulations, assess safety, and validate efficacy through preclinical and clinical studies, ultimately paving the way for transformative RA treatments in clinical practice. In this chapter, phyto-nano drug delivery systems that can increase the effectiveness of medicinal plants in RA treatment are focused on. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.