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    The Effect of Weathering on Color and Glossiness Properties of Polyurethane-Modified Water-Based Varnish Layers Applied to Thermally Treated Ash Wood
    (North Carolina State University, 2025) Ulay, Goksel; Akter, Mete; Çakicier, Nevzat; Peker, Hüseyin; Ayata, Ümit; Atilgan, Abdi; Çiftçi, Seymen
    The effects of artificial weathering (168, 336, and 504 h) on the glossiness values and color parameters of varnished, polyurethane-modified ash wood were investigated. Samples included control samples without treatment and thermally treated samples under two different conditions (190 °C for 1.5 h and 212 °C for 2 h), all coated with a polyurethane-modified water-based varnish. In non-thermally treated and varnished samples, decreases in L* values were observed after weathering, while increases were noted in ho, C*, b*, and glossiness at 60° in both perpendicular and parallel directions to the fibers. After weathering, for samples thermally treated at 190 °C for 1.5 h and varnished, increases were observed in glossiness values at 20° and 60° in both directions, as well as in L*, b*, and ho values. Conversely, decreases were noted in a* and C* values. In samples thermally treated at 212 °C for 2 h and varnished, increases in a*, L*, ho, b*, and C* values were detected after weathering, whereas decreases were observed in glossiness at all angles (20° and 60°) in both directions. The ∆E* values showed a decreasing trend in non-thermally treated varnished samples after weathering, while an increase was observed in samples thermally treated at 212 °C for 2 h and varnished. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
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    Gloss and Oscillatory Hardness Test Effects of Varnishes with Different Ratios of Marble Powder Additives on Wood Materials
    (North Carolina State University, 2025) Balçık, Özlem Bozdoğan; Özdemir, Turgay; Çakicier, Nevzat
    Increasing global problems and stricter regulation of industrial waste management necessitate a more detailed examination of waste materials. In addition, because of problems such as surface cracking and discoloration of surface-treated materials during use, increasing varnish durability is a popular topic today. In this study, to increase the surface treatment performance, different proportions (2.5%, 5%) of waste marble powder were added into varnishes (water-based and polyurethane varnish) and their effect on surface treatment was evaluated in terms of gloss and oscillatory hardness test. The highest gloss and oscillatory hardness was found in specimens where the marble powder was at a 2.5% level. As the proportion of marble powder in the mixture increased, it had a matting effect. Oscillatory hardness was found to be higher in polyurethane varnish in the radial section. Among the wood species, beech wood exhibited the highest hardness value with polyurethane varnish. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.