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Öğe Evaluation of habitat and bio-diversity in landscape planning process: Example of Sugla Lake and its surrounding area, Konya, Turkey(Academic Journals, 2011) Uzun, Osman; Çetinkaya, Gülay; Dilek, Figen; Aciksoz, Sebahat; Erduran, Fusun; Uzun, Osman; Çetinkaya, Gülay; Dilek, Figen; Açıksöz, Sebahat; Erduran, FüsunLandscape planning is a tool that creates a balance between human and nature in terms of protection and improvement. With the use of landscape ecology based approaches in landscape planning process, from the point of structure, function and changes of the landscapes, planning decisions can be taken more easily and scientifically. Within this concept, it is important to examine the function of habitat and bio-diversity of the landscape in order to state the function of landscape in landscape planning. The purpose of this study is to state the habitat and bio-diversity function of landscape within the scope of landscape planning in Lake Sugla and its surrounding area and to develop planning decisions in terms of protection-utilization. The habitat and bio-diversity function of the landscape has been formed by using the patch corridor matrix model and field researches in geographical information system (GIS) environment. While habitat function is evaluated according to the measure and number of patch, the shape of patch, the side of patch and patch classifications in terms of core areas, species diversity is taken into consideration in bio-diversity function. As a result of the study in which data entry analysis and evaluation and geographic information system are used, it has been stated that the mixed patch class consisting of coniferous and leafy plants, is pointed as very high habitat function areas, leafy plants patch class is pointed as high habitat function areas, mixed coniferous patch class consisting of various coniferous plants is pointed as medium habitat function areas and single coniferous patch class is pointed as low habitat function areas. The bio-diversity function has been pointed with the use of books and articles and field studies that have been carried out at different times. The areas that have high habitat and bio-diversity function show parallelism with each other. Moreover, evaluation of both functions has shed light on the forest patches that should be given priority to be protected. The methodology approach which is the first landscape planning study that is based on landscape functions in our country, has been in use both in various regions of our country and various regions of different countries.Öğe Evaluation of biocultural landscapes and associated ecosystem services in the region of Sula Lake in Turkey(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Çiftçioğlu, Gülay Çetinkaya; Uzun, Osman; Nemutlu, Füsun ErduranThe purpose of this study was to evaluate biocultural landscapes and associated ecosystem services in the region of Sula Lake located in Konya Province of Turkey. Method of the study includes four stages. In the first stage, the biodiversity function of landscapes was identified by overlapping the maps of flora and fauna and then it was evaluated by using a 1-5 score system. Second, the cultural diversity function of landscapes was evaluated by site survey and literature review. The obtained data were evaluated according to the 11 criteria by using a 1-4 score system. The analysed data were transferred on to the maps. Third, the biocultural landscapes were designated by overlapping the maps of the biodiversity and cultural diversity functions of landscapes. Finally, major ecosystem services provided by the biocultural landscapes were examined by assessing the collected data on the biodiversity and cultural diversity functions of landscapes and review of literature.Öğe Forest communities and ecological differentiation of the Mt. Elmacik (Duzce, Turkey)(Triveni Enterprises, 2017) Aksoy, Necmi; Çoban, SüleymanAim : This research is based on vegetation elaboration of Elmacik Mountain in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey, which has a quite rich floristic and vegetation diversity. Methodology : Since varied ecological conditions cause a diverse vegetation in the region, vegetation environment relation was analyzed with multivariate statistical techniques. In the context of the study, syntaxonomical scheme of the region was introduced and ecological characteristics of the main forest types and vegetation data were analyzed using environmental variables and Ellenberg Indicator Values (EIVs) derived from species composition. Results : The forest vegetation was presented by 2 classes and 2 orders which contained 4 alliances and 11 associations. Constrained ordination revealed that the altitude is the most important factor affecting species composition (23.1 %), followed by soil depth (19.1 %). However, when conditional effects of variables are considered, forest cover (16.7 %) had the highest contribution following altitude (23.1 %). Hyperico calycini-Quercetum petraea had the highest species diversity because of one-storied and light penetrating leaf structure. However, Rhododenro pontici-Fagetum orientalis had the lowest species diversity due to a dense shrub cover consisting of Rhododendron ponticum. Average EIVs for continentality, soil nutrient and light were positively correlated with altitude and nutrient EIVs with soil depth, stand height and cover. Radiation index calculated from latitude, slope degree and aspect showed correlation with light and continentality EIVs. Interpretation : Altitudinal distribution of forest communities was mainly affected by exposure and soil conditions (soil depth, soil type) in the region. Species variation in each unit was well explained with the average EIVs, which were also supported with the measured environmental variables.Öğe Effects of User Density Levels on Recreational Walking Experiences(Sage Publications Ltd, 2013) Müderrisoğlu, Haldun; Aydın, Şükran Özkan; Ak, Kıvanç; Eroğlu, EnginOver the past 25 years, attempts to increase the quality of visitor experiences have been a priority in outdoor recreational areas for planners and managers. Recreation planners should determine acceptable usage levels for an area before making planning decisions. Physical, economical, ecological and social carrying capacity of that area must be determined, in order to assess acceptable usage levels. In this study, the influence of the characteristics of the area on visitor perception of user density levels was evaluated. The activity of walking was chosen to determine the perception of the user density level. Walking was chosen because it is a recreational activity that can be performed easily and frequently by visitors of outdoor recreational areas without any need for experience. Factors affecting the perception and effects of the user density level on visitors were examined from urban recreational areas to rural recreational areas. According to our results, characteristics of the recreational area and changes in the perception of suitable user density levels varied according to the recreational activities performed in an area. Specifically, rural recreation users tolerated less user density. In contrast to the expected, female users preferred lower user density.Öğe Effects of second housing and recreational use on Pancratium maritimum L. population in western Black Sea region of Turkey(Wfl Publ, 2010) Demir, Zeki; Müderrisoğlu, Haldun; Aksoy, Necmi; Aydın, Şükran Özkan; Uzun, Serir; Özkara, HüseyinAn experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of second housing development and heavy use recreational activities on sea daffodil (SD; Pancratium maritimum L.) distribution on western Black Sea coast line of Turkey. In 2005, to protect the SD populations 1 m height chicken wire-cages were placed on 20 m x 30 m areas in different parts of the shore. To compare the protected area (PA) with unprotected area (UA) 16 sampling areas were chosen along the coast line. Adjacent to each sampling plot a control plot from unprotected area was established. Additional data were collected from sampling plots established in four areas with different intensities of settlement. Data were utilized to relate the SD ground coverage, number of individuals and spikes per individual to the disturbance intensity. Three 1 m x 1 m quadrats were randomly placed on each plot. On each quadrat the ground coverage of SD and whole vegetation were determined with Braun-Blanquet. Then, the number of SD individuals and spikes of individuals were counted. Data indicated that there was no statistical difference between the PA and UA in vegetational ground coverage. However, the ratio of SD on these coverages was doubled in PA compared to the UA (P = 0.001). Analysis of the data collected from different locations in disturbed areas showed that intensity of disturbance has significant (P = 0.001) correlation with SD ground coverage (r(2)=0.45). The number of SD individuals (P = 0.001) and spikes per individual (P = 0.001) were significantly different between the PA and UA. SD individuals in UA were about 64% less than that of PA. Spike number per SD individual was also 66% lower in UA compared to PA. SD ground coverage was significantly (P = 0.001) related to number of individuals (r(2)=0.83). Settlement density made a significant effect on number of SD, number of spikes, SD ground coverage and whole plant ground coverage (P = 0.001). Analysis of data indicated that area usage type also made statistically significant differences on number of SD, number of spikes, SD ground coverage and whole plant ground coverage (P = 0.001). Results of the study indicate that SD populations are under threat because of intensive housing development and recreational usage in the coastal areas of Western Black Sea region of Turkey. Protection efforts revealed positive results in terms of SD survival and reproduction capacity in the coastal sand dunes.Öğe EFFECTS OF COLOURS AND FORMS OF TREES ON VISUAL PERCEPTIONS(Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2009) Müderrisoğlu, Haldun; Aydın, Şükran Özkan; Yerli, Özgür; Kutay, ElifThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of colour on the perception of tree forms and the effects of personal characteristics of the participants on their preferences. The students of science studies, medical science and social science of Duzce University, Turkey, participated in the study (n=159). The participants were asked to evaluate 5 different tree forms which were drawn by hand and coloured with 8 different colours by semantic differential method. According to the results obtained, pyramid-formed trees were preferred most and colour had a strong effect on the preferences of tree forms. Bright green trees were found to have the highest visual quality while blue-coloured trees the highest strength. Again, the results obtained in this study indicate that personal characteristics are effective on preferences of tree forms and colours.Öğe ECOLOGICAL AND VISUAL PLANTING DESIGN ANALYSIS. A CASE STUDY OF TWO PARKS IN AMSTERDAM(Scibulcom Ltd, 2016) Eroğlu, Engin; Ak, Mehmet KıvançPlants contributions to the environment are their aesthetical, ecological and identity transmitting features. The plant diversity in urban landscape areas plays a certain role in urban nature conservation and the determination of planning and policies. Plants should be assessed according to not only species and composition, but also functional characteristics in contributing urban landscape and human life quality. Park areas in urban spaces are at the fore front in terms of they have not only plant material richness but also to be designed element. In this study, plant materials and planting groups in Frankendael Park and Bijlmerpark in Amsterdam were analysed of ecological and viusal point of view. The plant material and planting groups were evaluated according to their space-mass features and ecological and visual values as well. Then, these plant groups were assessed as their visual element characters such as colour, texture, size and form being the main instruments for plant compositions. Consequently, the situation of plants whether to be an individual or planting composition is important in evaluation of plants and planting groups, whether plants and their compositions are in urban environments or have a different environment. Moreover, visual elements of these planting design features have enormous values for these assessments.Öğe ECOLOGICAL AND VISUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NATIVE PLANT COMPOSITIONS IN MOUNTAIN FORESTS(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Eroğlu, Engin; Acar, Cengiz; Meral, AlperenPlants are important components of native landscape should be handled in accordance with their features, enabling them to be recognized, defined and utilized in natural and cultural environments. Road corridors are the best places to observe changes related to succession and fragmentation in native vegetation in the mountainside. In the present study, carried out in the road corridors in the mountainside within the boundaries of Trabzon province in Turkey. It was aimed to define the vegetation visually and ecologically based on the native landscape features. While native plant compositions were ecologically defined, they were approached as an ecological corridor. Patch Analyses based on landscape metrics in the vegetation around this ecological corridor were carried out via GIS. As for visual studies, photographing, visualization and surveys were used to define the design elements and design principles of plant composition and the visual effects they had. Thus, come up in planting design, it was determined according to which design principle design elements came together and what kind of a visual effect appeared. In the final phase, the relationships between the values produced by ecological and visual parameters were stated. Consequently, some significant relationships were found out between patch analysis metrics and visual parameters, area metrics and potential effect of seasonal change of native compositions, habitat features and fragmentation values etc.Öğe DEVELOPMENT OF SECTOR-BASED ECOLOGICAL LANDSCAPE GUIDES WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF EUROPEAN LANDSCAPE CONVENTION. THE CASE OF SUGLA LAKE IN TURKEY(Scibulcom Ltd, 2016) Uzun, Osman; Çiftçioğlu, Gülay Çetinkaya; Nemutlu, Füsun Erduran; İlke, E. Figen; Açıksöz, SebahatAccording to the European Landscape Convention, each contracting country, ratified the ELC, is responsible for integrating its landscape protection, planning and management strategies into other sectoral plans such as urbanisation, agriculture and forestry. Purpose of this study is to develop sector-based (agriculture, forestry and urbanisation) ecological landscape guides by evaluating natural and cultural landscape components of the region of Sugla lake located in Turkey. Major objectives of the study include: determination of natural and cultural landscape characteristics and analysis of the functions (e.g. erosion process, infiltration, habitat and biodiversity). A range of dataset (e.g. geological and coordination of information on the environment land cover maps and questionnaire) was used to conduct the study. Method of the study consists of three stages: inventory, analysis and assessment. Major natural (e.g. flora and habitat distribution) and cultural (e.g. historical important areas and cultural heritage) landscape components of the region were identified and mapped in the first stage. Natural (erosion process, infiltration and biodiversity) and cultural (e.g. cultural heritage) landscape functions, which form the basis of the sector-based ecological landscape guides, were analysed and mapped by adapting a landscape ecology-based approach in the second stage. The ecological landscape guides for forest, agriculture and settlement sectors were determined by overlapping the delineated maps (e.g. erosion risk, infiltration and habitat) in the final section. We hope that the sector-based ecological landscape guides can be an effective tool particularly in the management of natural resources embedded in each sector by policy makers.Öğe Determining of the Aesthetic and Functional Problems that the Miniaturk Users Face with(Ankara Univ, Fac Agr, 2008) Kutay, Elif Lütfiye; Kesim, Güniz AkıncıThe miniature parks in which the small scaled miniature structures or settlement fields exhibited are multi purpose open fields which serve for educational, instructional and recreative purposes. Miniaturk which was established in 2003 in Istanbul / Turkey has been at Sutluce quarter of the Golden Horn, exhibits the small sized miniature structures. In this study, in order to determine aesthetical problems of Miniaturk several observations had been made along with a semi standard survey which was applied to randomly chosen 300 people who visited the park on several dates. The survey outcomes and the visitor profiles have been examined and evaluated on percent scale and the visitor profiles and the problems encountered had been compared and analyzed correlationwise. The data obtained exists on the outcome chapter as tables. Finally; the problems encountered had been discussed both as a planner and a user point of view and alternative solutions had been presented. Some of these solutions has been arranged that planting and improving vicinity of Miniaturk, to consider of inner circulation again and maintaining systematically.Öğe Determination of user satisfaction for management practices on recreational areas(Academic Journals, 2010) Demir, Zeki; Müderrisoğlu, Haldun; Aşıkkutlu, Hüseyin Samet; Bollukçu, Pınar AydınFor different recreational areas, studies have been conducted to investigate the satisfactions of users from different socio-economic background and recreation habits. However, data is scarce about management practices on user satisfaction. For the current study, a survey was conducted on 300 people to determine the user satisfaction related to management practices on the recreational areas. Study has been conducted in Mogan park, Ankara and coastal area of Mugada, Bartin. The results of questionary indicate that user's satisfaction has been affected by the management practices. However, data indicates that the users with experiences about the site are more satisfied with current management situation than the ones who do not have experiences about the site.Öğe DETERMINATION OF THE VISUAL PREFERENCES OF DIFFERENT HABITAT TYPES(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Eroğlu, Engin; Kaya, Sertaç; Doğan, Tuba Gül; Meral, Alperen; Demirci, Sena; Başaran, Nermin; Çorbacı, Ömer LütfüThe unique qualities of areas with natural landscape features help provide sustainability. Moreover, their different vegetation covers and ecosystems contribute to the preservation of their visual attraction. In recent years, the demand for natural areas has not only been seen at a recreational level, but has also become associated with the conservation and sustainability of those areas. Although the concept of sustainability is expressed from an ecological point of view, studies indicate that the visual aspect is also an important component. Thus, in this study, a visual quality assessment was carried out which considered both objective and subjective evaluations of different habitat types. Efteni lake-wetland and Melen Agzi dunes (Duzce), Anzer, Ayder, and Cat Diizii highlands (Rize), and Sultanmurat and Tasli highlands (Trabzon) were selected as the study areas. A visual quality analysis was conducted with a total of 43 participants (23 students, 16 local inhabitants and four lecturers) in order establish their preferences in areas with different landscape characteristics. For the determination of the visual qualifications of these areas, a total of 24 photographs showing typical images representing each habitat type (three photographs for each) were employed. Taking perceptual parameters into consideration, assessment of visual quality was made according to the points given to each photo by the participants. Consequently, differences in visual quality were found to be influenced by the demographic status of the participants, differences in habitat types, recreational trends and the conservation status of the habitats.Öğe Determination of the cultural landscape values of Lake Sugla in Turkey(Wfl Publ, 2012) Erduran, Füsun; Uzun, Osman; Çetinkaya, Gülay; Dilek, Figen; Açıksöz, SebahatCultural landscape is a set of values consisting of all the formations, activities, local traditions and customs shaped in due to course as a result of the mutual interaction of the human and the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the cultural landscape values of Lake Sugla (Konya, Turkey) and its surrounding areas, which are rich in cultural values, and to develop a future management approach. In the study, in order to determine the cultural characteristics of the area, a method based on inventory work and the quantification of the data was used. In the study, in view of the assessment of the information forms applied to 34 settlements and expert opinions during the field studies, cultural values (trifle area were determined by twelve criteria. All the settlements were examined in terms of each criterion and given points. As a result of this assessment, Akcapinar, Ahirli, Baliklava, Ciftlikkoy and Kurucay in the study area were determined as the areas that have the highest cultural function. In conclusion, it was proved that stating the cultural landscape elements by quantificating them in terms of certain criteria can he an important source of data in the planning studies that will be done particularly at a sub-regional scale or on districts and village groups.Öğe DETERMINATION OF SENSITIVE LANDSCAPES FOR LANDFILL: SIVAS CASE/TURKEY(Scibulcom Ltd, 2019) Karadağ, Aybike Ayfer; Cengiz, Ayşe Esra; Demiroğlu, DemetDue to the increase of the world population and changing living conditions, the waste amount is increasing exponentially. This situation threatens landscape. This study aims to determine sensitive landscapes in terms of landfills. Sensitive landscapes are the areas with low capacity to absorb innovation and change caused by space use. The study was conducted in Sivas. In this study, were evaluated 10 criteria as follows: rock type, proximity to fault lines, hydrological soil groups in order to protect underground water resources; proximity to water resources in order to protect water surface; erosion risk areas to prevent erosion; slope in terms of erosion and groundwater; land capability classes and large soil groups to protect soils of high agricultural value; aspect to prevent bad odour and fast decay; vegetation cover terms of protecting habitats, preventing erosion and infiltration. The results showed that the area has very high sensitivity with 3.16%, high sensitivity with 28.76%, moderate sensitivity with 51.85%, low sensitivity with 15.77% and very low sensitivity with 0.46%. As a result, landscapes sensitive to landfill should not be treated as waste disposal sites and should be protected. In addition, these criteria should be considered as a criterion in the landfill site selection process.Öğe WATER RETENTION RATIOS OF MULCHING MATERIAL CONSISTING PRIMARILY OF PINE BARK OVER DIFFERENT SOIL TYPES(Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2009) Demir, Zeki; Yıldız, Oktay; Toprak, BülentStudy was carried out in the Turkish province of Duzce to compare the water absorption ratios of a mulching material, formed using different mixtures of tree bark materials. Soils compounded from clay, turf and sandy materials were laid in 1 m by 1 m experimental plots within a thickness of 10 cm, and then, soil surfaces in each plot was blanketed with a mulching material containing Corsican pine bark (Pinus nigra Arnold) in 5 cm and 8 cm. thickness settings: Furthermore, application was repeated with and without the possibility of a plant species presence. Experimental plots were watered every three days; 15 liters per plot using a colander. After 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours of watering, the first 10 cm up to the soil surface underneath the mulching material, was sampled to determine the weighing percentages of the internal moisture levels. A statistically significant relation was established between the thickness of the mulching material and the site in terms of the soil moisture levels (P = 0.0001). Turf sheeted with an 8 cm mulching material kept the highest water absorption capacity 12 hours after watering, as opposed to the least water absorption capacity of sandy soil without a mulch cover. This ratio between the above mentioned comparisons was raised to 174 %, 24 hours after watering. However, moisture content of the sandy soil without mulching cover disappeared upto 90 % compared to that of turf with an 8 cm mulching material, over the period of 3 days after watering. Accordingly, the site with turf shielded by an 8 cm mulching material performed approximately two times better in terms of moisture absorption, c compared to sandy soil with an 8 cm turf cover. Moisture was easily drained due to large pores inside the sandy soil if the mulching material was absent. Mulching, three days after watering, positively affected and increased the water absorption up to four times better.Öğe Visual landscape quality in landscape planning: Examples of Kars and Ardahan cities in Turkey(Academic Journals, 2011) Uzun, Osman; Müderrisoğlu, HaldunTogether with European landscape convention, it is required that studies related to landscape planning should be integrated with the sectors such as department of urban and regional planning, industry, agriculture and forestry. Visual landscape analysis has an important position in landscape planning. In this study, it is aimed that a method for visual landscape quality which is one of the researches of landscape analysis is developed in a physical planning workout that is to be carried out in Kars and Ardahan. The data that is to represent the seven factors are: Landform, vegetation, water, color, influence of adjacent scenery, scarcity, cultural modifications, in practicing the visual source management method has been constructed in the environment of geographical information systems by making use of the databases of Ministry of Environment and Forestry and Corine land cover. The accuracy of visual landscape quality maps has been proved by practicing the method in site conditions and in twenty three different points. This situation proves that the method can safely be practiced in the studies such as sub-regional scales, planning and strategic environmental assessment.Öğe URBAN LANDSCAPE DESIGN AND PLANNING RELATED TO WIND EFFECTS(Scibulcom Ltd, 2016) Ak, Mehmet Kıvanç; Özdede, SinemThe main purposes of the studies on design and planning were to provide a better life for human comfort for years. One of the most important factors affecting ecological comfort of human beings is the wind effects. The most important aim of the study is to determine the relationship between design and ecological aspects of the wind. The city chosen for the research sample, mostly has a plain surface in its populated central areas. So, if the speed of wind and direction are processed in the right fashion, a better quality of life and a contribution to the urban ecology can be provided. It was investigated the importance of wind, which is one of the most vital elements of climate, in ecological planning of urban life. The other goal of the study is to find out landscape planning and design approaches according to wind effects. Moreover, the study put forth how building and green corridors contribute to human comfort. The study was realised in urban landscape scale in a District of Duzce city by focusing on urban landscape design. The study was made up of two main stages as field surveys and map analysis. Meteorological data and city maps (at the scale of master plan) were used as main data. Besides, it was aimed to put forth statistical meanings by using meteorological data. Consequently, the study explored how structural and vegetational elements change the function of wind and highlighted the outcomes that help to provide optimum wind conditions and comfort for people.Öğe Understanding the children's perception and preferences on nature-based outdoor landscape(Sage Publications Ltd, 2015) Müderrisoğlu, Haldun; Gültekin, PınarThis study evaluates the landscape perception and preferences of students from different education levels in Duzce province, Turkey. Several research have demonstrated that environmental attitudes and behaviours of adults are formed according to their environmental experiences. Outdoor recreational activity preferences of a family could also have a substantial influence on landscape preferences of children. There has been little research that evaluate children's perception and about their playgrounds. Consideration of children's needs and their landscape preferences would be important for designing better play spaces. Photographs were used to determine naturalness degrees by specialists. These photographs were shown to 280 students attending elementary school, middle school and high school of different levels. Students were asked if the landscapes from the photographs were aesthetic pleasing and safe; and if they would accept them as playgrounds. The results indicated that the students would prefer the areas as playgrounds even though they may not find them safe. However, the majority of students regarded some of the landscapes were aesthetic and safe. The findings show that the students' ages, education levels and physical appearances could yield substantial differences on their landscape perception and preferences. The students would highly prefer the landscapes if they have been involved in rural recreational experiences which could have a substantial effect on their landscape perception and preferences.Öğe The effects of shopping malls on using urban parks: The case of Ankara, Turkey(Wfl Publ, 2013) Karadağ, Aybike AyferUrban parks and shopping malls are some of the important recreation sources of our present cities. Dense rush-hours of cities and time varying life styles affect the recreation need, choices and recreation source usage of urban people. In this study, the effects of shopping malls, which have become important part of the present urban life, on using urban parks were examined. During the process of determining the mentioned effect, 25 motivation items that direct the recreational preferences were questioned. The items were evaluated in the processes of "preference of urban parks and shopping malls'' and "choice between an urban park and a shopping mall". The study was carried out with the users of Ankamall, Cepa, Kent Park and Armada shopping malls in Ankara, Turkey. Within the scope of the study, questionnaire forms were used to gain data. The questionnaire was conducted to 492 participants with the techniques of random choice and face-to-face interview between May 2011-May 2012 on Saturdays and Sundays, when user density was high. The data was analysed with descriptive statistics, K-means cluster analysis and paired sample t-test. The results of the analysis showed that 25 motivation items had different levels of effect on the preference of urban parks and shopping malls. However, 15 motivation items were detected in the choice between urban parks and shopping malls. Among these criteria, bringing "easy transportation, cultural contributions, food-drink facility, accessible places and ergonomic outfits", which direct the users to the shopping malls, in the urban parks will be effective on attracting the users to the urban park. Along with that, user satisfaction and preference will be increased in urban park choice by developing some motivation items of different effect levels.Öğe THE EFFECT OF SEASONAL CHANGE OF PLANTS COMPOSITIONS ON VISUAL PERCEPTION(Vilnius Gediminas Tech Univ, 2012) Eroğlu, Engin; Müderrisoğlu, Haldun; Kesim, Güniz AkıncıPlants are important elements of open-green areas in the urban space and perception of an environment. Some plants have seasonal colour changes. The identification of these changes and clarification of the effects on people are quite important for landscape architecture. Seasonal changes of plants in some open-green areas in Duzce were examined in order to explain how it affects people regarding changes in perceptional preferences. Delphi Method was used on photographs as a mean of identification of the visual effects of the plant compositions. The plant composition photographs, which had been examined before, were used in the questionnaire to 370 student groups. As a result, the difference was evaluated between the perceiving of different plant compositions. Summer was the most affecting season having the design value and visual quality. Besides, evergreen plants had a positive effect on design power and visual quality of compositions. Furthermore, as another important result, it was found out that socio-economic levels of the people had some important effects on visual preferences. In this study, perceptional differences of the participants on seasonal changes of the plants were identified. Moreover, the form and the texture were evaluated for identifying perceptional effects.
