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Öğe Effects of application methods and species of wood on color changes of varnishes(Academic Journals, 2009) Budakçı, Mehmet; Özçifçi, Ayhan; Çınar, Hamza; Sönmez, AbdullahIn this study, the color effects of wood materials to coloring with different application methods (brush, roller sponge and spray gun) and waterborne varnishes were investigated according to ASTM-D 2244. For this purpose, the experimental samples of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.), oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) and oak (Quercus petreae L.), which are commonly used woods in the carpentry and furniture industry in Turkey, were prepared and varnished with one and two-pack waterborne varnishes in accordance with ASTM D 3023. According to the result of the research, significant color changes in coloring as red and yellow tones on the sample surfaces of varnished wood materials were found. The highest color change was obtained in the samples of oak, when varnished with brush and spray gun while the lowest value was obtained in roller sponge in respect to the application methods for waterborne varnishes. However, the application method of spray gun for self crosslinked polyurethane, topcoat-clear, (SCPt) gave the highest metric chroma value among the three different application methods.Öğe Effect of wood moisture content on adhesion of varnish coatings(Academic Journals, 2009) Sönmez, Abdullah; Budakçı, Mehmet; Bayram, MehmetIn this research, experimental samples were prepared using Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Eastern beech (Fagus orientalis L.) and oak (Quercus petraea L.) with moisture content of 8, 12 and 15% and were coated with cellulosic (nitrocellulose), two-part polyurethane (urethanealkyd), and waterborne (self-crosslinked polyurethane) varnishes in order to determine the effect of wood moisture content on adhesion. According to research results, it was found that the difference in moisture content had substantial effect on the adhesion of varnishes, applied on the wood surfaces. The highest adhesion was obtained from two-part polyurethane varnish, applied on oak specimens with a moisture content of 8%.Öğe DIAGONAL TENSILE STRENGTH OF AN ORIENTED STRAND-BOARD (OSB) FRAME WITH DOVETAIL CORNER JOINT(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2010) Özkaya, Kadir; Burdurlu, Erol; İlçe, A. Cemil; Ciritcioğlu, Hasan HüseyinIt was aimed in this study to determine the effect of the number of joints in frames produced from Oriented Strand Board (OSB) and of the type of adhesive on the diagonal tensile strength (DTS) of the frame. With this objective, a total of 152 specimens were prepared from OSB in accordance with the principles in the EN 2470 test standard. The diagonal tensile test was applied to the specimens in the universal test equipment in accordance with ASTM-D 1037. According to the statistical analysis of the data obtained from the tests, the number of dovetail joints and the type of adhesive had significant effects on the DTS. The highest DTS (0.117 N/mm(2)) was obtained in the specimens with a single dovetail joint and bonded with the PVAc adhesive. This alternative was followed by the specimens with a double dovetail joint bonded with the PVAc adhesive (0.078 N/mm(2)) and the specimens with a single dovetail joint bonded with the PU adhesive (0.073 N/mm(2)). The lowest DTS occurred in the specimens with single and double joints without adhesive. According to these results, adhesive should definitely be used in the corner joining of the dovetail joints, and the single dovetail joint joining type bonded with PVAc adhesive is preferred.Öğe DETERMINING ADHESION STRENGTH OF SOME WOOD VARNISHES ON DIFFERENT WOOD SURFACES(Gazi Univ, Fac Engineering Architecture, 2010) Budakçı, Mehmet; Sönmez, AbdullahIn this study, different thickness varnish layers were applied by using cellulosic, polyurethane, acrylic and water based varnishes on pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), fir (Abies Bornmulleriana Mattf), Eastern beech (Fagus orientalis L.), and oak (Quercus petraea L.) wood surfaces. Effects of wood species and different thickness varnish layers on adhesion strength of varnish films were determined with a pull-off test according to the ASTM-D 4541. Results of the study indicated that the effect of wood species and varnish type are significant in adhesion, while the effect of layer thickness is not significant. In addition, it was deduced that the strength of adhesion is higher in hardwoods than softwoods. The highest strength was measured with acrylic and polyurethane varnishes. Tests also showed that failures mostly occur on the interface of first coat (filling coat) and the wood surface. Thus, it can be concluded that the final coat (top coat) does not have any effect on the strength of adhesion.Öğe THE DETERMINATION OF ADHESION STRENGTH OF WOOD VENEER AND SYNTHETIC RESIN PANEL (LAMINATE) ADHESIVES(State Forest Products Research Inst, 2010) Budakçı, MehmetWood veneer and laminates are stuck on various surfaces of wood-based boards by using different adhesives. Veneer must always be stuck to the surface to be veneered very well. However, such failures as structural differences among the equipments and adhesives used, irregular adhesion because of the errors in pressing and the errors of the users, wavings, swelling etc. arise in adhesion. The aim of this study is to determine the adhesion strength of Scots pine (Pious sylvestris L.), Sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.), Eastern beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood veneer and synthetic resin panel (laminate) on 18 mm particle board, medium density fiberboard (MDF) and ply-wood material in different amounts (100, 150, 200 g.m(-2)) which were stuck with Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), Urea-formaldehyde (UF) and contact (rubber based) adhesives. The adhesion strength of samples has been determined in accordance with the Turkish Standard (TS) 5339. According to research results, while the highest adhesion strength was observed on laminate on which adhesive was applied with 200 g.m(-2) PVAc adhesive on ply-wood, the lowest adhesion strength was observed on particle board which was stuck with 200 g.m(-2) contact adhesive on Eastern beech veneer.Öğe THE COMPULSIONS WHICH THE HARD TREE MATERIALS SHOW AGAINST TO THE CUTTERS AND MACHINE IN PLANNING PROCESS(Gazi Univ, Fac Engineering Architecture, 2009) Gürleyen, Levent; Subaşı, SerkanThe cutters and machines used in processing have to be exposed to different compulsions by different wooden materials used in furniture industry. Therefore, in this article, the compulsions of hard wooden materials against to the horizontal (bottom) fraiser machine and cutter type have been studied. In the experiments, four types of hard tree have been used as East Beech (Fagus orientalis L.), stemless oak (quercus borealis L.), ordinary ashen (fraxinus excelsior L.) and deceitful locust wooden. The compulsions value of horizontal fraise machine and cutters have been determined according to variable wooden material type, motor revolution number and driver dispatch speeds. As a result; the most amount of compulsion has been observed on stemless oak and followed by deceitful locust, ordinary ashen and east beech tree respectively by applying the same processes. It is determined that in planning processes which lower motor revolution and lower driver dispatch speed applied, the consumption of current and the compulsion of wooden materials against to machine and cutters are reduced. Each type of tree materials have been showing proportional diversities by considering their different consumption of current depending on their specific gravities (r12) and Brinell hardness values (H(parallel to)). The realized regression model equations have been proving that depending on motor revolution speed and driver dispatch speed values, the current values of each wooden material can be forecasted with a 3% error in a reasonable way. Depended on the results, it is considered that it can be possible to get recovery and also to provide benefit for economy in wood shavings mechanic by using computer technology.Öğe The color changes on varnish layers after accelerated aging through the hot and cold-check test(Academic Journals, 2010) Budakçı, Mehmet; Korkut, Derya Sevim; Esen, RaşitThe purpose of this paper is to determine the color changes of cellulosic, polyurethane and acrylic varnish layers which were applied on the surfaces of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Eastern beech (Fagus orientalis L.) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.) wood material after accelerated aging effects through the hot and cold-check test. For this purpose, test samples were firstly kept at 50 +/- 5 degrees C temperature for 1 h, and then conditioned for 1 h in a conditioning room, later moved to -20 +/- 2 degrees C temperature keeping for 1 h according to ASTM D1211-97 standard. These processes were accepted as 1 cycle and tests were continued to 20 cycles. Then the color changes were determined by using Minolta CR-231 device of tristimulus colorimeter according to ASTM D2244-07e1 standard. It was found that most color change was determined in cellulosic, polyurethane and acrylic varnish layers on the surfaces of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Eastern beech (F. orientalis L.) and sessile oak (Q. petraea L.) wood material. The endurance of the protective coating (such as paint and varnish) to external effects is limited and the lifetime of the coating is determined by the type and the severity of the effects to which it is exposed. The effect of a color change on varnish layers can determine the usefulness of the varnish. It is conjectured that especially for the manufacturers and consumers in the furniture and decoration sector, the data obtained in this study will contribute to the making up of deficiencies in the understanding of the subject.Öğe Potential Use of Waste Marble Powder as Adhesive Filler in the Manufacture of Laminated Veneer Lumber(North Carolina State Univ Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 2015) Özkaya, Kadir; Ayrılmış, Nadir; Özdemir, SerkanThe waste powder produced during the manufacture of marble, which is presently mostly discarded in landfills, has the potential for higher-valued usage. Recycling marble waste powder will contribute to the protection of nature as well as economic gain. The potential use of waste marble powder as filler in the adhesive for manufacturing of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) was investigated in this study. With this objective, LVL panels were manufactured by adding marble factory waste powder in different ratios to polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives. The waste powders of beige marbles and travertine marbles were mixed by weight with adhesives in the percentage levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. Physical and mechanical tests were performed on the specimens obtained from the LVL panels. According to the results obtained from the present study, as compared to the control specimens, higher mechanical performance was obtained with the waste beige marble powder at high contents and with the waste travertine marble powder at low contents with the PVA adhesive. A poorer mechanical performance was found in the travertine powder with the UF adhesive. The dimensional stability of LVLs containing travertine powder was better than that of the LVLs containing beige marble powder.Öğe The effects of space quality of dormitory rooms on functional and perceptual performance of Users: Zübeyde hanim sorority(2010) Yıldırım, Kemal; Uzun, OğuzhanIn this study, the role of interior characteristics of rooms and people - things' densities in space perception were argued by evaluating the functional and perceptual qualities of 2, 4 and 8- person rooms of Zübeyde Hanım Sorority located in Ankara. For this purpose, with the scope of evaluation of interior equipment elements and architectural features of the rooms; gratitude and request status of the users and perceptual performances were measured by the help of a detailed survey. According to this, it was determined that a considerable part of the users is displeased with the inadequacy of bunk bet. al., cupboards, tables and chairs in the rooms and ask for bookshelves and shoe cabinets. On the other hand, the users interpreted three different rooms by perceiving them asunderly. Attendantly, it was cogitated that layout excursion depending on things' densities and in architectural features of the rooms were thought to be effective rather than inadequacy of interior equipment elements in different perception of the rooms. The perceptual evaluations of the rooms from positive to negative were arranged as 2-room > 8-room > 4-room. Ultimately, in the positive perception of interiors, the idea that room size and personal area average depending on things' densities are effective rather than the number of people living in the room can be asserted.Öğe The determination of adhesion strength of wood veneerand synthetic resin panel (laminate) adhesives(2010) Budakçı, MehmetWood veneer and laminates are stuck on various surfaces of wood-based boards by using different adhesives. Veneer must always be stuck to the surface to be veneered very well. However, such failures as structural differences among the equipments and adhesives used, irregular adhesion because of the errors in pressing and the errors of the users, wavings, swelling etc. arise in adhesion. The aim of this study is to determine the adhesion strength of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.), Eastern beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood veneer and synthetic resin panel (laminate) on 18 mm particle board, medium density fiberboard (MDF) and ply-wood material in different amounts (100, 150, 200 g.m-2) which were stuck with Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), Urea-formaldehyde (UF) and contact (rubber based) adhesives. The adhesion strength of samples has been determined in accordance with the Turkish Standard (TS) 5339. According to research results, while the highest adhesion strength was observed on laminate on which adhesive was applied with 200 g.m-2 PVAc adhesive on ply-wood, the lowest adhesion strength was observed on particle board which was stuck with 200 g.m-2 contact adhesive on Eastern beech veneer.Öğe Effects of QUV accelerated aging on surface hardness, surface roughness, glossiness, and color difference for some wood species(2011) Çakıcıer, Nevzat; Korkut, Süleyman; Korkut, Derya Sevim; Kurtoğlu, Ahmet; Sönmez, AbdullahThe surface hardness, surface roughness, glossiness, and color difference were determined for wooden materials produced from three commonly used species - two native of Turkey and one exotic - treated with one- and two-component water-based varnishes and exposed to different amounts of radiation to mimic accelerated aging using a QUV aging device. One- and two-component water-based varnishes were applied two-and three coats to Scoth pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Iroko (Chlorophora excelsa), and Anatolian chestnut (Castenea sativa Mill.) woods. Then, the varnish coated materials were exposed to QUV aging devices for 216 and 432 h. Results indicated that the surface hardness and glossiness were decreased for all the three wood species across all the treat ment combinations. However, values of surface roughness and color difference were increased for all the threewood species across all the treatment combination. © 2011 Academic Journals.Öğe Effect of wood finishing and planing on surface smoothness of finished wood(Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007) Budakçı, Mehmet; Gürleyen, Levent; Çınar, Hamza; Korkut, SüleymanThe effect of wood finishing and planning on surface smoothness of finished wood samples of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) eastern beech (Fagus orientalis L.) and oak (Quercus petraea L.), commonly used woods in the furniture industry in Turkey, was investigated for this study which was carried out in 2006 in the capital city of Ankara in Turkey. Two hundred and forty samples were prepared and processed by planing on the radial and tangential direction to annual rings with 2 and 4 blades. Surface smoothness of the samples was measured according to Turkish Standard (TS) 930. Following that, filling coat and topcoat of polyurethane varnish were applied to surfaces of the samples according to ASTM-D 3023. Then, samples were again subjected to measure for determining the surface smoothness. Statistical data were obtained for surface smoothness from varnished and unvarnished wood samples and it was concluded that finishing increases the surface smoothness. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.Öğe Determination of bonding performance of several modified wood adhesives(2011) Altınok, Mustafa; Atar, Musa; Keskin, Hakan; Korkut, Süleyman; Kocatürk, İlhanWe have assessed the effect on bonding performance of modifying synthetic wood adhesives. Wood samples were prepared from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.). Samples were bonded using poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives modified with melamine-formaldehyde (MF) and phenol-formaldehyde (PF). Modified formulations included PVAc alone, PVAc + UF (at 15, 35 and 50% UF), UF alone, UF + MF (at 15, 35 and 50%), and UF + PF (at 15, 35 and 50% PF). Samples were exposed to three experimental environments: Standard atmosphere, cold water, and boiling water. For bonding strength determination, we used DIN 53 255 standard. We conclude that the adhesive modifications tested generally have no significant effect on bonding performance under standard atmospheric conditions, but do increase bonding performance under cold and boiling-water conditions. The best adhesive bonding strength was found using oriental beech samples with the UF + MF (50%) adhesive: 9.24 N/mm2 bonding strength under standard atmosphere conditions, 6.06 N/mm2 in cold water, and 4.39 N/mm2 in boiling water. © 2011 Academic Journals.
