Öksüz Yayınlar Koleksiyonu
Bu koleksiyon için kalıcı URI
Güncel Gönderiler
Öğe European Vegetation Archive (EVA): an integrated database of European vegetation plots(Wiley, 2016) Chytry, Milan; Hennekens, Stephan M.; Alfaro, Borja Jimenez; Knollova, Ilona; Dengler, Jürgen; Jansen, Florian; Yamalov, SergeyThe European Vegetation Archive (EVA) is a centralized database of European vegetation plots developed by the IAVS Working Group European Vegetation Survey. It has been in development since 2012 and first made available for use in research projects in 2014. It stores copies of national and regional vegetation-plot databases on a single software platform. Data storage in EVA does not affect on-going independent development of the contributing databases, which remain the property of the data contributors. EVA uses a prototype of the database management software TURBOVEG 3 developed for joint management of multiple databases that use different species lists. This is facilitated by the SynBioSys Taxon Database, a system of taxon names and concepts used in the individual European databases and their corresponding names on a unified list of European flora. TURBOVEG 3 also includes procedures for handling data requests, selections and provisions according to the approved EVA Data Property and Governance Rules. By 30 June 2015, 61 databases from all European regions have joined EVA, contributing in total 1 027 376 vegetation plots, 82% of them with geographic coordinates, from 57 countries. EVA provides a unique data source for large-scale analyses of European vegetation diversity both for fundamental research and nature conservation applications. Updated information on EVA is available online at http://euroveg.org/eva-database.Öğe Global cotton weed distribution(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2016) Economou, Garifalia; Uludağ, Ahmet; Kraehmer, Hansjoerg…Öğe Fitness studies on invasive weedy sunflower populations from Serbia(Ars Docendi, 2017) Vrbnicanin, Sava P.; Bozic, Dragana M.; Pavlovic, Danijela M.; Krsmanovic, Marija M. Saric; Stojicevic, Darko; Uludağ, AhmetWeedy sunflower has become a problem worldwide, giving significant yield losses in sunflower and soybean fields even at low densities, decreasing their oil quality and allowing gene flow among crops and weeds. Its evolution differs among countries due to availability of wild forms. The problem is not only weedeness but also herbicide resistance in the Republic of Serbia. Three weedy sunflower populations from Serbia were studied: RWS1 and RWS2, which were presumably ALS herbicide resistant and SWS which is susceptible. Plant height, fresh weight, leaf area, relative chlorophyll content, fecundity and percentage of germination, length and weight of seedlings with and without nicosulfuron application were recorded. The most frequently RWS1 and RWS2 populations were of better ecological fitness than the SWS population under the conditions with and without nicosulfuron application. The number of seed produced was higher in RWS1 without herbicide application and RWS2 with nicosulfuron application. It was concluded that the differences in the level of herbicide-resistance could result in different fitness level of weedy sunflower populations which could promote the invasiveness of these populations in landscape.Öğe Farming practices and weed infestation(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2016) Economou, Garifalia; Uludağ, Ahmet; Kraehmer, Hansjoerg…Öğe Time-course analysis of salicylic acid effects on ROS regulation and antioxidant defense in roots of hulled and hulless barley under combined stress of drought, heat and salinity(Wiley, 2019) Torun, HülyaGreater crop losses can result from simultaneous exposure to a combination of drought, heat and salinity in the field. Salicylic acid (SA), a phenolic phytohormone, can affect a range of physiological and biochemical processes in plants and significantly impacts their resistance to these abiotic stresses. Despite numerous reports involving the positive effects of SA by applying each abiotic stress separately, the mechanism of SA-mediated adaptation to combined stresses remains elusive. This study, via a time-course analysis, investigated the role of SA on the roots of hulled and hulless (naked) barley (Hordeum vulgare L. Tarm' and ozen', respectively), which differed in salt tolerance, under the combined stress of drought, heat and salt. The combined stress caused marked reductions in root length and increases in proline content in both genotypes; however, Tarm exhibited better adaptation to the triple stress. Under the first 24h of stress, superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC.1.15.1.1) and peroxidase (POX; EC.1.11.1.7) activity in the Tarm roots increased remarkably, while decreasing in the ozen roots. Furthermore, the Tarm roots showed higher catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11) and glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2) activity than the ozen during the combined stresses. The sensitivity of hulless barley roots may be related to decreasing SOD, POX, CAT and GR activity under stress. Over 72h of stress, the SA pretreatment improved the APX and GR activity in Tarm and that of POX and CAT in ozen, demonstrating that exogenously applied SA regulates antioxidant defense enzymes in order to detoxify reactive oxygen species. The results of this study suggest that SA treatment may improve the triple-stress combination tolerance in hulled and hulless barley cultivars by increasing the level of antioxidant enzyme activity and promoting the accumulation of proline. Thus, SA alleviated the damaging effects of the triple stress by improving the antioxidant system, although these effects differed depending on characteristic of the hull of the grain.Öğe The Palaearctic steppe biome: a new synthesis(Springer, 2016) Wesche, Karsten; Ambarlı, Didem; Kamp, Johannes; Török, Peter; Treiber, Jan; Dengler, JürgenThe Palaearctic steppes range from the Mediterranean basin towards China, forming one of the largest continuous terrestrial biomes. The literature on steppe ecology and conservation is vast but scattered and often not available in English. We provide a review of some key topics based on a new definition of steppes, which includes also Mediterranean steppes and alpine rangelands of the Asian Highlands. Revisiting the terrestrial ecoregions of the world, we estimate that the Palaearctic steppe biome extends over ca. 10.5 million km(2). Major chorological regions differ in their macroclimatic niche with a clear distinction between Middle Asia with its winter precipitation and the Central Asian summer-rain regions of the Mongolian plateau and of Tibet. Steppe soils store large amounts of carbon, yet the sequestration potential is debated and depends on land use. Major physiognomic-ecological steppe types include forest-, typical-, desert-, and alpine-steppe, which vary in the importance of grasses, mainly C3 species. The steppes host a specialised fauna, and Middle Asia, Tibet, and especially Mongolia, have large herds of migrating ungulates. The share of pristine and protected sites is low in the steppe regions, with conversion into croplands being the most important land use impact in Europe, Middle Asia, and the Mediterranean, while grazing has a severe impact in some parts of Mongolia and Tibet. There are major gaps in our knowledge on: (1) the effects of climate change on the crucial seasonal patterns; (2) the role of steppe soils in the global carbon budget; and (3) the ecology and distribution of most animal groups except vertebrates.Öğe The edge of two worlds: A new review and synthesis on Eurasian forest-steppes(Wiley, 2018) Erdos, Laszlo; Ambarlı, Didem; Anenkhonov, Oleg A.; Batori, Zoltan; Cserhalmi, Daniel; Kiss, Marton; Török, PeterAimsEurasian forest-steppes are among the most complex non-tropical terrestrial ecosystems. Despite their considerable scientific, ecological and economic importance, knowledge of forest-steppes is limited, particularly at the continental scale. Here we provide an overview of Eurasian forest-steppes across the entire zone: (a) we propose an up-to-date definition of forest-steppes, (b) give a short physiogeographic outline, (c) delineate and briefly characterize the main forest-steppe regions, (d) explore forest-steppe biodiversity and conservation status, and (e) outline forest-steppe prospects under predicted climate change. LocationEurasia (29 degrees-56 degrees N, 16 degrees-139 degrees E). Results and ConclusionsForest-steppes are natural or near-natural vegetation complexes of arboreal and herbaceous components (typically distributed in a mosaic pattern) in the temperate zone, where the co-existence of forest and grassland is enabled primarily by the semi-humid to semi-arid climate, complemented by complex interactions of biotic and abiotic factors operating at multiple scales. This new definition includes lowland forest-grassland macromosaics (e.g. in Eastern Europe), exposure-related mountain forest-steppes (e.g. in Inner Asia), fine-scale forest-grassland mosaics (e.g. in the Carpathian Basin) and open woodlands (e.g. in the Middle East). Using criteria of flora, physiognomy, relief and climate, nine main forest-steppe regions are identified and characterized. Forest-steppes are not simple two-phase systems, as they show a high level of habitat diversity, with forest and grassland patches of varying types and sizes, connected by a network of differently oriented edges. Species diversity and functional diversity may also be exceptionally high in forest-steppes. Regarding conservation, we conclude that major knowledge gaps exist in determining priorities at the continental, regional, national and local levels, and in identifying clear target states and optimal management strategies. When combined with other threats, climate change may be particularly dangerous to forest-steppe survival, possibly resulting in compositional changes, rearrangement of the landscape mosaic or even the latitudinal or altitudinal shift of forest-steppes.Öğe Summary of global cotton weed distribution(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2016) Economou, Garifalia; Uludağ, Ahmet; Kraehmer, Hansjoerg…Öğe Step(pe) up! Raising the profile of the Palaearctic natural grasslands(Springer, 2016) Török, Peter; Ambarlı, Didem; Kamp, Johannes; Wesche, Karsten; Dengler, JürgenPalaearctic steppes are primary grasslands dominating the landscape of the Eurasian Grassland Belt from Central and Eastern Europe to Northern China across the temperate zone of Eurasia. We also include structurally and floristically similar habitats in North Africa, Anatolia, and Iran. The biota of the steppes are diverse, including many endemic species. As a result of the high rate of anthropogenic conversion and widespread degradation, the Palaearctic steppes have become one of the most endangered terrestrial biomes of the world. These facts underline the importance of sustaining landscape-scale biodiversity in steppes and stress the necessity of their conservation and restoration. Literature about the ecology, biodiversity, and conservation of Palaearctic steppes is not easily accessible for an international audience. Therefore, summarising the current state of knowledge as well as knowledge gaps is very timely. This Special Issue on "Palaearctic steppes: ecology, biodiversity and conservation", comprises 17 research papers from many different regions throughout the biome, as well as a broad review synthesising current knowledge.Öğe Influence of Different Cutting Dates on Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) Parameters and the Fatty Acid Compositions of Caramba Hay (Lolium multiflorum cv. caramba)(Ankara Univ, Fac Agr, 2019) Acar, Muazzez Cömert; Özelçam, Hülya; Şayan, Yılmaz; Budak, BülentThe aim of the study was to determine the influence of different cutting dates on Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) parameters and the fatty acid (FM) compositons of caramba hay (Lolium multifforum cv caramba). The samples were taken from the five randomized plots at the three different cuts (first cut:before blossom, second cut:blossom 50%, and third cut:after blossom). The samples were analyzed including the crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), CP fractions (A = NPN, B-1 fast, B-2 = intermediate, B-3 = slow and C= not fermented and available for the animal), degradable intake protein (DIP), undegradable intake protein (UIP) and the FAs compositions (C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3). The CP, EE and A(1) fraction were negatively affected by the different cutting dates (P<0.05), while the B-2, B3 and C fractions were increased by growing stage (P<0.05). Different cutting dates affected total major FAs, and decreased the concentration of C18:3 (P<0.05) and increased those C16:0 (P<0.05) and C18:2 (P>0.05). A positive strong linear relation was found between the C18:3 and CP contents in caramba hay (R-2 = 0.769, P<0.001). The study showed that CP, soluble protein (A+B-1 fraction) and C18:3 were significantly decreased, the other crude protein fractions (B-2, B-3 and C) and other major FAs (C16:0 and C18:2) were increased by growing stage.Öğe Cotton cultivation(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2016) Economou, Garifalia; Uludağ, Ahmet; Kraehmer, Hansjoerg…Öğe An overview of biodiversity and conservation status of steppes of the Anatolian Biogeographical Region(Springer, 2016) Ambarlı, Didem; Zeydanlı, Uğur S.; Balkız, Özge; Aslan, Serdar; Karaçetin, Evrim; Sözen, Mustafa; Vural, MecitThe Anatolian Biogeographical Region is unique in the Palearctic realm, with high plant and butterfly species richness and populations of globally threatened birds, mammals and herptiles (amphibians and reptiles). It is a place of diverse land-use practices, dating back to the earliest farming practices in the world. Among 10,930 species of vascular plants, birds, butterflies, mammals and herptiles distributed in Turkey, we identified 1130 living predominantly in steppic environments and being classified either as threatened, near-threatened or data deficient at the national level, if not globally. A total of 28 effective protected areas were present in the region, covering 1.5 % of the 391,597 km(2) land area. Only 16.2 % of the threatened and near-threatened species (n = 809) were distributed within the protected area network, ranging from 94.1 % for birds to as low as 12.9 % for vascular plants. The total area of steppe and steppe forest vegetation has been reduced by at least 44 % of its former extent due to diverse habitat destructive activities. The most significant threats arise from unsustainable agricultural activities including overgrazing, conversion to croplands and afforestation. To maintain steppe diversity, we propose a "to-do list", including mainstreaming biodiversity, effective implementation of Turkey's Rangeland Act, conducting effective environmental impact assessments, establishing an effective site network for steppe biodiversity conservation and filling gaps in scientific knowledge.Öğe Öğe CobaltSalt-Stressed Salvia officinalis: ROS Scavenging Capacity and Antioxidant Potency(2019) Torun, HülyaSalvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) is one of the most widespread herbal species used in the food processing industry and for culinary and medicinal purposes. This work aimed to investigate changes in plant growth, water content, lipid peroxidation, H2O2, proline, and enzymes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR). Phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity values such as ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging were studied under stress conditions of salt, cobalt and a combination of the two. No significant differences were found in relative water content and chlorophyll fluorescence under salt, cobalt and their combination. However, the osmotic potential and relative growth rate were enhanced with saltcobalt compared to salt-treated plants. Salt and cobalt individually stimulated high antioxidant activity. High APX and GR activities were associated with the high proline accumulation in the sage plants under the combined effect of saltcobalt. The combination decreased lipid peroxidation (TBARS), while H2O2 content was increased. This increase with the combined saltcobalt effect may be associated with the decrease in CAT activity. Moreover, a strong correlation was found between TPC and TF content and antioxidant capacity measured via FRAP, CUPRAC and DPPH. The TPC, TF and antioxidant capacity values also increased under the saltcobalt combination, suggesting an increase in antioxidant content in the sage leaves. Therefore, the combination of salt and cobalt improved the stress tolerance of S. officinalis.Öğe Combined Salt and Nickel Stress Impact on ROS Generation and Antioxidant Enzymes Activities of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)(2019) Torun, HülyaPlants acclimation to stress is a complex process and this complexity increase with simultaneous subjection to two or more abiotic stress. Salinity and excess accumulation of nickel are growth and development restricted abiotic stress agents. The aim of the present study was to determine the antioxidant defense system responses of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) to salinity, nickel and their combinations. Growth, leaf osmotic potential, chlorophyll fluorescence, relative water content (RWC), lipid peroxidation, H2O2 and proline content and antioxidant enzyme activities were determined under these stress conditions. Growth and leaf osmotic potential negatively affected due to the combined effect of salt and nickel. All three stress treatments did not show any significant change on RWC and chlorophyll fluorescence in lemon balm. H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation of combined stress had greater than salt and nickel alone. Total activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were increased with salt, nickel and their combinations. Moreover, the reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT) activities resulted in higher lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content under the combined stress. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted on the activities of antioxidant defense enzymes of lemon balm under salinity and nickel combinations.Öğe The Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) in 2016-2017(De Gruyter Open Ltd, 2018) Venn, Stephen; Ambarlı, Didem; Biurrun, Idoia; Dengler, Jürgen; Kuzemko, Anna A.; Török, Peter; Vrahnakis, MichaelThis report summarizes the activities and achievements of the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) from mid-2016 through to the end of 2017. During this period, the 13th Eurasian Grassland Conference took place in Sighişoara, Romania, and the 14th conference was held in Riga, Latvia. The 10th EDGG Field Workshop on Biodiversity patterns across a precipitation gradient in the Central Apennine mountains was conducted in the Central Apennines, Italy, this time in addition to multi-scale sampling of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens, also including one animal group (leaf hoppers). Apart from the quarterly issues of its own electronic journal (Bulletin of the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group), EDGG also finalised five grassland-related Special Features/Issues during the past 1.5 years in the following international journals: Applied Vegetation Science, Biodiversity and Conservation, Phytocoenologia, Tuexenia and Hacquetia. Beyond that, EDGG facilitated various national and supra-national vegetationplot databases of grasslands and established its own specialised database for standardised multi-scale plot data of Palaearctic grasslands (GrassPlot). © by Stephen Venn 2018.Öğe The Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) in 2015-2016(De Gruyter Open Ltd, 2016) Venn, Stephen; Ambarlı, Didem; Biurrun, Idoia; Dengler, Jürgen; Janišová, Monika; Kuzemko, Anna A.; Vrahnakis, Michael[No abstract available]Öğe Review of the current situation for Solanum elaeagnifolium in the Mediterranean Basin(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2016) Uludağ, Ahmet; Gbehounou, G.; Kashefi, J.; Bouhache, M.; Bon, M.C.; Bell, C.; Lagopodi, A.L.Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium, Cav.) is one of the important invasive plant species in Mediterranean Basin countries. Over the last 60 years, this plant has gone from a few accidental introductions to near monospecific populations in many areas of the Mediterranean Basin (in particular Greece and Morocco). Recent findings from Lebanon show that the invasion is ongoing. Solanum elaeagnifolium has a negative impact on crops, causing up to 75% yield loss, as well as an indirect impact by harbouring plant pests and diseases. Solanum elaeagnifolium is toxic to livestock and has a negative affect on the quality of life for humans. Losses of potential resource or revenue caused by its invasion include: decreased forage quality on grazing lands; decreased cropping land and amenity values of public space; increased water loss; increased water conveyancing costs; and increased forest restoration costs. Available control techniques need to be strengthened to reduce the impact of S. elaeagnifolium and prevent its spread. More attention needs to be devoted to biological control, which could provide regional management of this invasive alien plant. Sustainable management of S. elaeagnifolium will require coordination, education and support across the affected countries. Governments must have the means to detect, manage and control S. elaeagnifolium. © 2016 The Authors.
