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Öğe Effects of oleaster flour supplementation in total phenolic contents, antioxidant capacities and their bioaccessibilities of cookies(Korean Society Food Science & Technology-Kosfost, 2019) Şahan, Yasemin; Aydın, Emine; Dündar, Ayse İnkaya; Altıner, Dilek Dülger; Çelik, Güler; Göçmen, DuyguIn presented study total phenolic contents, antioxidant capacities and their bioaccessibilities from cookies supplemented with oleaster flour were investigated. Oleaster flours (OFs) were produced using two different methods (peeled oleaster flour: POF and unpeeled oleaster flour: UPOF) from two different genotypes. OFs were used to replace wheat flour in the cookie formulation (control) at the levels of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% (w/w). According to the results, enrichment of OFs clearly increased total phenolic contents, antioxidant capacities and bioaccessibilities of cookies. The highest bioaccessible antioxidant capacities (ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP) of the samples were obtained from cookie samples enriched with 25% UPOF-1. In conclusion, the increases in phenolic contents, antioxidant capacities, and bioaccessibilities from cookies supplemented with OFs suggest the potential enhancement of beneficial health effect of cookie due to increased content of bioactive compounds present in oleaster flour.Öğe EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES ON CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF WILD-GROWN EDIBLE MUSHROOM MACROLEPIOTA PROCERA VAR-PROCERA (SCOP.)(Wiley, 2017) Aydın, Emine; Gürbüz, İsmail Bülent; Karahan, Hasan; Başdar, CananIn this study effects of different processing technologies (drying, canning, and freezing) on morphological properties and chemical composition of wild grown edible mushroom Macrolepiota procera var. procera (Scop.) (M. procera) were investigated. For this purpose before the analyses measured the weight, pileus width, stipe length, and stipe diameter (69.94g, 118.26, 143.82cm, and 13.60mm, respectively) of clean mushrooms. After that moisture, ash, crude protein, fat, carbohydrate and energy values of fresh, dried, canned, and freezed wild edible mushrooms were investigated. Moisture, ash, crude protein, fat, and carbohydrate were 10.79-90.56, 0.37-37.92, 2.05-39.68, 0.70-4.23, 2.35-7.10% of dry weight, respectively. And energy value estimated 39.13-206.62 kcal (165.42-872.87 kJ).Öğe sPlot - A new tool for global vegetation analyses(Wiley, 2019) Bruelheide, Helge; Dengler, Jürgen; Alfaro, Borja Jimenez; Purschke, Oliver; Hennekens, Stephan M.; Chytry, Milan; Zverev, AndreiAims Vegetation-plot records provide information on the presence and cover or abundance of plants co-occurring in the same community. Vegetation-plot data are spread across research groups, environmental agencies and biodiversity research centers and, thus, are rarely accessible at continental or global scales. Here we present the sPlot database, which collates vegetation plots worldwide to allow for the exploration of global patterns in taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity at the plant community level. Results sPlot version 2.1 contains records from 1,121,244 vegetation plots, which comprise 23,586,216 records of plant species and their relative cover or abundance in plots collected worldwide between 1885 and 2015. We complemented the information for each plot by retrieving climate and soil conditions and the biogeographic context (e.g., biomes) from external sources, and by calculating community-weighted means and variances of traits using gap-filled data from the global plant trait database TRY. Moreover, we created a phylogenetic tree for 50,167 out of the 54,519 species identified in the plots. We present the first maps of global patterns of community richness and community-weighted means of key traits. Conclusions The availability of vegetation plot data in sPlot offers new avenues for vegetation analysis at the global scale.Öğe Some Positive Effects of Pine Oil on Brain Tissue in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats(Chem Soc Pakistan, 2016) Demir, Ersin; Keser, Serhat; Yılmaz, ÖkkeşPine oil has antiseptic, expectorant and antioxidant properties and has been used for treatment of rheumatism, respiratory and urinary system and skin diseases. We aimed to determine protective effects of pine oil (PO) on the lipid-soluble vitamins, cholesterol, GSH, total protein, MDA, fatty acid levels of brain tissue of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control (C), streptozotocin (STZ), streptozotocin+pine oil (PO) groups. Streptozotocin was injected intraperitoneally single dose (65 mg/kg) to the STZ and PO groups for inducing of diabetes. To the PO group 1 mg/kg dose pine oil was intraperitoneally injected every next day. While the GSH and total protein were significantly decreased in the Streptozotocin (STZ) group, their levels were protected in PO group. MDA level was significantly increased in STZ group, its level significantly decreased in the PO group. Our results showed that PO has a positive effect on the GSH, total protein, and MDA levels in the brain tissue of diabetic rats. The PO and STZ administrations were affected by levels of some important fatty acids. The decrease in the MDA level and observed protecting effects can be attributed to PO extract, because it contains some important phytochemical constituents.Öğe Arthropod decline in grasslands and forests is associated with landscape-level drivers(Nature Publishing Group, 2019) Seibold, Sebastian; Gossner, Martin M.; Simons, Nadja K.; Blüthgen, Nico; Müller, Jörg; Ambarlı, Didem; Wöllauer, StephanRecent reports of local extinctions of arthropod species(1), and of massive declines in arthropod biomass(2), point to land-use intensification as a major driver of decreasing biodiversity. However, to our knowledge, there are no multisite time series of arthropod occurrences across gradients of land-use intensity with which to confirm causal relationships. Moreover, it remains unclear which land-use types and arthropod groups are affected, and whether the observed declines in biomass and diversity are linked to one another. Here we analyse data from more than 1 million individual arthropods (about 2,700 species), from standardized inventories taken between 2008 and 2017 at 150 grassland and 140 forest sites in 3 regions of Germany. Overall gamma diversity in grasslands and forests decreased over time, indicating loss of species across sites and regions. In annually sampled grasslands, biomass, abundance and number of species declined by 67%, 78% and 34%, respectively. The decline was consistent across trophic levels and mainly affected rare species; its magnitude was independent of local land-use intensity. However, sites embedded in landscapes with a higher cover of agricultural land showed a stronger temporal decline. In 30 forest sites with annual inventories, biomass and species number-but not abundance-decreased by 41% and 36%, respectively. This was supported by analyses of all forest sites sampled in three-year intervals. The decline affected rare and abundant species, and trends differed across trophic levels. Our results show that there are widespread declines in arthropod biomass, abundance and the number of species across trophic levels. Arthropod declines in forests demonstrate that loss is not restricted to open habitats. Our results suggest that major drivers of arthropod decline act at larger spatial scales, and are (at least for grasslands) associated with agriculture at the landscape level. This implies that policies need to address the landscape scale to mitigate the negative effects of land-use practices.Öğe Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Some Biochemical Changes in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) Yolk-Sac Larvae(Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2016) Zengin, Hayati; Yılmaz, Ökkeş; Gökçe, Zehra; Demir, ErsinIn this work we studied the biochemical status of antioxidant defences of yolk-sac larvae from the commercial fish, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) over a period of 19 days from hatching. The parameters studied were: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione Stransferase (GST). Oxidative damage was measured by the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA). Our results showed that the presence of catalytic activities was observed from hatching day and significant changes in the enzymes were seen in the 12 and 19 days yolk-sac larvae, when the larvae finished their endogenous feeding. Our study indicates that catalase activity sharply increased in the 12 and 19 days post-hatch but superoxide dismutase activity sharply decreased in the same period. Glutathione peroxidase regularly decreased with age throughout the 19-day study period. Glutathione reductase showed a significant increase in the 12 and 19 days yolk-sac larvae. There were no significant changes in glutathione S-transferase activity throughout the yolk-sac stage. When the egg yolk-sac was reabsorbed, the total protein content sharply decreased at day 19. The PUFA contents in the 12 and 19 days yolk-sac larvae were found to be higher than in the other yolk-sac stage.Öğe The Effect of Bitter Almond Oil on The Some Alterations in Liver Tissue of Experimental Diabetic Rats(2015) Demir, Ersin; Yılmaz, ÖkkeşDeneysel Diyabetin Sıçan Karaciğer Dokusunda Oluşturduğu Bazı Değişiklikler Üzerine Acı Badem Yağının EtkisiBu çalışma, deneysel diyabet oluşturulan sıçanlarda acı badem yağının karaciğer dokusunda yağ asidi bileşimi, malondialdehit, indirgenmiş glutatyon, total protein, A, D, E ve K vitaminleri, kolesterol ve bazı sterol parametreleri üzerinde etkisinin araştırılması için tasarlandı. Sıçanlar kontrol (K), streptozotosin (STZ) ve streptozotosinacı badem yağı (STZABY) olmak üzere üç grubu ayrıldı. STZ gruplarına intraperitoneal enjeksiyonla streptozotosin (45 mg/kg) verilerek diyabet oluşturuldu. Acı badem yağı grubundaki sıçanlara haftada iki gün 1ml/kg dozunda intraperitoneal enjeksiyonla acı badem yağı ve ayrıca deney boyunca toz haline getirilmiş 2 gr acı badem çekirdeği, 500 ml içme suyuna eklenerek verildi. Bu uygulamalar 8 hafta boyunca sürdü. Kontrol grubuna göre, STZ grubunun karaciğer dokusunda MDA ve total protein düzeyinin anlamlı bir şekilde (p0.001) arttığı, GSH düzeyinin anlamlı bir şekilde (p0.001) azaldığı, palmitik, palmitoleik, araşidonik asit (p0.01) düzeylerinin anlamlı bir şekilde azaldığı (p0.001), stearik ve linoleik asit düzeylerinin anlamlı bir şekilde arttığı (p0.001), oleik ve ?-linolenik ve dokosaheksaenoik asit düzeylerinde istatistiksel açıdan önemli değişikliklerin olmadığı, ?-tokoferol ve vitamin D2 düzeylerinin anlamlı bir şekilde azaldığı (p0.001), vitamin K2, vitamin D3 (p0.05), ?-tokoferol, retinol, vitamin K1, kolesterol, stigmasterol ve ?-sitosterol düzeylerinin anlamlı bir şekilde arttığı (p0.001) tespit edildi. STZ grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında, STZABY grubunun karaciğer dokusunda MDA, GSH ve total protein düzeylerinin anlamlı bir şekilde (p0.001) azaldığı, palmitoleik, linoleik, araşidonik (p0.05) ve ?-linolenik asit düzeylerinin anlamlı bir şekilde azaldığı (p0.001), stearik, oleik ve dokosaheksaenoik asit düzeylerinin anlamlı bir şekilde arttığı (p0.001), palmitik asit düzeyinde istatistiksel açıdan önemli değişikliklerin olmadığı, vitamin K2, ?-tokoferol, vitamin D2, ?-tokoferol, vitamin K1 (p0.01), ?-sitosterol düzeylerinin anlamlı bir şekilde arttığı (p0.001), vitamin D3düzeyinin anlamlı bir şekilde azaldığı (p0.001), retinol, kolesterol ve stigmasterol düzeylerinde istatistiksel açıdan önemli değişikliklerin olmadığı belirlendi. Deneysel diyabetin sıçanların karaciğer dokusunda GSH, total protein, bazı yağ asidi bileşimi ile A, D, E ve K vitaminleri üzerinde oluşturduğu metabolik düzensizliklere karşı uygulanan acı badem yağının etkisinin sınırlı kaldığı belirlendi.Öğe Sulu Çam Çıra Ekstresinin Diyabet Oluşturulan Sıçanların Testis Dokusu Üzerindeki Etkisi(2018) Yılmaz, Ökkeş; Demir, Ersin; Sarıgül, HaliseBu çalışmanın temel amacı Tip 2 diyabetle indüklenen testis hasarındaoksidatif stresin baskılanmasında sulu çam çıra ekstresinin olası etkileriniaraştırmaktır. Çalışmada 49 adet 2,5 aylık erkek sıçanlar tercih edildi. Sıçanlar;kontrol, diyabet ve farklı dozlardan oluşan diyabetçam çırası olmak üzeregruplara ayrıldı (DÇ100, DÇ200, DÇ400). Kontrol grubu dışındaki sıçanlara 45mg/kg streptozotozin (STZ) intraperitonal olarak verilerek Tip-2 diyabetoluşturuldu. Diyabet oluşumundan sonra sıçanların içme sularına farklı dozlarda(100 g/L, 200 g/L, 400 g/L) çam çıra ekstresi eklenerek suya serbest olarakerişimleri sağlandı. Deneysel uygulamalar 10 hafta sürdü. Kontrol grubu ilekarşılaştırıldığında, diyabet grubunda MDA seviyesinin kayda değer düzeydearttığı (p0.001), total protein düzeyinin ise önemli düzeyde azaldığı (p0.05)belirlendi. Diyabet grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında çıra suyu verilen gruplarda MDAdüzeyinin önemli düzeyde azaldığı (p0.001), protein seviyesinin ise önemlidüzeyde yükseldiği (DÇ100) (p0.05) belirlendi. İncelenen diğer parametrelerde(?-tokoferol, palmitik, oleik, linoleik asit ve doza bağlı diğer parametreler) iseistatistiksel açıdan anlamlı değişiklikler tespit edildi (p0.05, p0.01, p0.001).Sonuç olarak, sulu çam çıra ekstresinin oksidatif stres seviyesini azaltaraktestiküler hasarı azaltmada potansiyel olarak yararlı olduğu gözlenmiştirÖğe Gökkuşağı Alabalığı Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792)’in Keseli Larvalarında Antioksidan Enzim Aktiviteleri ve Bazı Biyokimyasal Değişimler(2016) Zengin, Hayati; Yılmaz, Ökkeş; Gökçe, Zehra; Demir, ErsinBu çalışmada ticari olarak yetiştirilen gökkuşağı alabalığı Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792)'in keseli yavrularında, yumurtadan çıktıktan sonraki 19 gün boyunca antioksidan savunma ve biyokimyasal durum çalışıldı. Çalışılan parametreler: süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), katalaz (CAT), glutatyon peroksidaz (GSHpx), glutatyon redüktaz (GR) ve glutatyon-s-transferaz (GST)'dır. Oksidatif hasar malondialdehit (MDA) oluşumu ile ölçüldü. Sonuçlarımız yumurtaların açıldığı günden itibaren katalitik aktivitenin mevcut olduğunu ve larvalar endojen besini kullanırken, 12 ve 19 günlük keseli larvalarda bulunan enzimlerde önemli değişimlerin olduğunu gösterdi. Çalışmamız yumurtaların açılmasından sonraki 12. ve 19. günlerde katalaz aktivitesinde hızlı bir artma, aynı periyotta süperoksit dismutaz aktivitesinde ise hızlı bir azalma gösterdi. Glutatyon peroksidaz 19 günlük çalışma süresi boyunca düzenli bir şekilde azaldı. Glutatyon redüktaz 12 ve 19 günlük keseli larvalarda önemli bir artış gösterdi. Keseli safha boyunca glutatyon-s-transferaz aktivitesinde önemli bir değişim olmadı. 19. günde yumurta kesesinin emilimiyle total protein içeriği hızla düştü. 12 ve 19 günlük keseli larvalardaki PUFA içeriği, diğer keseli safhalardan yüksek bulunduÖğe The Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) in 2018-2019(Sciendo, 2019) Dengler, Jürgen; Aleksanyan, Alla; Ambarlı, Didem; Biurrun, İdoia; Dembicz, Iwona; Kuzemko, Anna A.; Vrahnakis, MichaelThis report summarises the activities and achievements of the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) from January 2018 through July 2019. During the reported period, two Eurasian Grassland Conference (EGCs) took place: the 15th EGC in Sulmona, Italy, and the 16th EGC in Graz, Austria. The 11th and 12th EDGG Field Workshops studied vegetation diversity patterns in the inner alpine valleys of Austria and Switzerland, while the 13th Field Workshop was organised in Armenia. The formerly electronic newsletter of EDGG (Bulletin of the Eurasian Dry Grassland) was transformed into a peer-reviewed international journal, called Palaearctic Grasslands, which now is attracting both scientific and photographic contributions. Furthermore, the EDGG homepage was re-constructed with a new design and content management system. The EDGG has also finalised two grassland-related Special Features during the past 1.5 years in the international journals Tuexenia and Hacquetia, and contributed with eight chapters to the book Grasslands of the World: Diversity, Management and Conservation. The vegetation-plot database GrassPlot, containing standardised multi-scale data from Palaearctic grasslands and closely connected with EDGG, has developed well, as did some other regional and national grassland-focused databases. © 2019 Jürgen Dengler et al., published by Sciendo.Öğe Rapid surveys for inventorying alien plants in the black sea region of Turkey(2011) Brundu, Giuseppe; Aksoy, Necmi; Brunel, Sarah; Eliáš, P.; Fried, GuillaumeThe presence, distribution or abundance of many invasive alien plants is positively correlated with roads, so roads need to be taken into consideration when planning a survey in a poorly studied area. During the two field surveys organized in the framework of the 2nd Workshop on Invasive Plants in the Mediterranean Type Regions of the World, 81 alien species were observed in the investigated area, i.e. 70 neophytes and 11 archeophytes (including 9 doubtful species), with 54 new records for the DAISIE inventory. Three of these species, Acalypha australis, Microstegium vimineum and Polygonum perfoliatum, were recorded near a tea factory, and the import of material for tea processing is expected to have been their pathway of introduction. The results of this survey in the region of Trabzon in North-East Turkey show that roadside surveys are a useful tool for early detection efforts, in compiling and updating national or regional inventories (especially with time and budget constraints). This survey, being organized in the framework of an international workshop, enabled knowledge to be shared between experts in the field, and training of students and researchers. These survey methods could be adapted, improved, and used elsewhere by others seeking to use early detection as part of their overall weed strategy or to gather baseline data on invasive alien plants in a poorly studied area. © 2011 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2011 OEPP/EPPO.Öğe Bioactive contents, In vitro antiradical, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of rhubarb (Rheum ribes L.) extracts(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2019) Keser, Serhat; Keser, Fatma; Karatepe, Mustafa; Kaygılı, Ömer; Tekin, Suat; Türkoğlu, İsmail; Sandal, SüleymanRheum ribes L. (rhubarb) is belonging to Polygonaceae, and its roots and fresh shoots are consumed as vegetable in Turkey. This plant is considered to be one of the most important pharmaceutical raw materials in Middle East. In this study, the antiradical, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and bioactive properties of water, ethanol, and methanol extracts of R. ribes stems were determined. R. ribes stems water, ethanol and methanol extracts are better scavenged ABTS•+ (99.27, 99.91, and 99.88%), DPPH• (83.11, 81.42, and 83.26%), and OH• radicals (93.49, 94.21, 95.86%) than standard antioxidant BHA (95.32, 80.49, and 93.78%). Stems of R. ribes abundantly include bioactive compounds, dominated by rutin, catechin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, ?-tocopherol and vitamin D. These extracts show effective cytotoxic properties against PC-3, A2780, HCT-116 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines at 24h. It is found that R. ribes contain high amount important bioactive contents, and has effective antiradical and cytotoxic properties. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
