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Öğe Investigation Of The Effects Of Deep Cryogenic Treatment On The Microstructure, Hardness, Strength And Wear Resistance Of X17crni16-2 Martensitic Stainless Steel(World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2023) Yildiz, Emre; Ozbek, Nursel AltanThis study investigates the effects of deep cryogenic treatment on the hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, and wear resistance of X17CrNi16-2 martensitic stainless steel. Steel samples were applied to deep cryogenic treatment at -180 degrees C for 12, 18 and 36 h after conventional heat treatment. After these processes, the steel samples were examined microstructurally, and martensite structure and carbides were observed. Mechanical properties increased after the cryogenic treatment was applied at all soaking times. It has been observed that the cryogenic treatment soaking time is directly proportional to the improvement in mechanical properties. The highest mechanical properties were obtained after the cryogenic treatment was applied for 36 h, which is the longest soaking time. Compared to the CHT sample, the DCT36 sample has a higher microhardness, tensile strength and yield strength of approximately 5.87%, 1.87% and 8.17%, respectively, and has 88% less wear rate.Öğe Investigation of the effects of shallow and deep cryogenic treatment on the mechanical and microstructural properties of AISI 431 martensitic stainless steel(Sage Publications Inc, 2025) Yildiz, Emre; Ozbek, Nursel AltanThis study aimed to determine the effects of cryogenic treatment to increase the hardness, wear resistance, and tensile strength of AISI 431 martensitic stainless steel. After austenitizing, quenching, and tempering, the steel samples were subjected to shallow cryogenic treatment at -80 degrees C and deep cryogenic treatment at -180 degrees C. Samples were cryopreserved for 12 and 24 h in each case. Following these processes, a tempering heat treatment was applied at 200 degrees C for 120 min. Experimental results revealed that cryogenic treatment positively affected the mechanical properties of AISI 431 steel. Samples that underwent a 24-h deep cryogenic treatment, however, yielded the best mechanical characteristics. Wear resistance was most significantly affected by cryogenic treatment. Compared to the sample with only conventional hardening, the wear rate of the sample with deep cryogenic treatment for 24 h was 82% lower. Between shallow and deep cryogenic treatment types, samples treated with deep cryogenic treatment exhibited superior properties. In both species, longer cryogenic treatment holding time resulted in greater improvement in mechanical properties. Deep cryogenic treatment for 24 h provided approximately 5.61%, 7.49% and 1.75% increase in hardness, yield strength and tensile strength, respectively. In addition, cryogenic treatment has been shown to effectively reduce residual austenite, providing more homogeneous carbide distribution and new carbide precipitation.