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    Hand carriage of Candida species and risk factors in hospital personnel
    (Wiley, 2007) Yıldırım, Mustafa; Şahin, İdris; Küçükbayrak, Abdülkadir; Özdemir, Davut; Yavuz, M. Tevfik; Öksüz, Şükrü; Çakır, Selma
    The hands of healthcare workers (HCWs) are considered to be important for colonisation and infection of Candida spp. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of Candida carriage on the hands of the hospital personnel the potential risk factors. Samples were collected from the hands of 214 (139 female and 75 male) hospital personnel working at Duzce Medical Faculty Hospital, Duzce, Turkey. Of these, 88 were nurses, 62 resident doctors, 21 laboratory workers, 30 officers and 13 dining room personnel. The hands of all participants were tested by culture with the broth wash technique. Overall, 34.1% of the people analysed were found to harbour Candida spp. on their hands: 30.7% were nurses, 25.8% resident doctors, 28.6% laboratory workers, 84.6% dining room personnel and 43.3% officers. Candida carriage rates of the dining room personnel were higher than found in the other groups (P = 0.001). Isolated Candida species were C. parapsilosis (38.4%), C. tropicalis (26.0%), C. albicans (23.3%), C. kefyr (11.0%) and C. globosa (1.4%). Candida carriage rate was higher in the glove-using group (35.1%) than the non-glove using group (7.1%, P = 0.031). We concluded that carriage of Candida species on the hands of personnel was common especially in non-medical staff. Wearing gloves was found to be related to increased rates of Candida carriage in the nurse group. Candida parapsilosis was the most frequently colonising species that may be a predisposing condition for nosocomial infections transmitted with the hands of HCWs. Hospital personnel should be educated for regular hand washing practice for preventing Candida colonisation.
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    High rate of hepatitis B virus DNA positivity in anti-HBc only-positive patients
    (Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2008) Yıldırım, Mustafa; Yavuz, M. Tevfik; Özdemir, Davut; Behçet, Mustafa; Şencan, İrfan
    In hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections, detection of only anti-HBc in the absence of HBsAg and anti-HBs is known as 'anti-HBc only' situation. In this study we investigated the rate of HBV-DNA positivity in anti-HBc only-positive 45 patients (29 male, 16 female; mean age: 39.2 +/- 12.3 years) who were followed in the outpatient clinics of a University Hospital in Duzce (located at northern west part of Turkey). HBV markers were investigated by 3rd generation ELISA (MEIA Axsym-Abbott), and HBV-DNA were searched by real-time PCR [extraction: Minielute (Qiagen, Germany); PCR kits: Florion HBV (Iontek, Turkey); detection: i-cycler IQ5 (BioRad, USA)] methods. As a result, 24.4% (11/45) of the patients were found HBV-DNA Positive (> 10(3) copies/ml). There was no statistically significant difference of HBV-DNA positivity rates between males (9/29; 31%) and females (2116; 12.5%), (p = 0.15). It was concluded that there may be a serious risk of HBV transmission from anti-HBc only-positive patients since the rate of HBV-DNA positivity was found high in our study. Thus HBV-DNA screening should be performed in 'anti-HBc only' patient groups.
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    High rate of hepatitis B virus DNA positivity in anti-HBc only-positive patients [?zole anti-HBc pozitif hastalarda saptanan yüksek hepatit B virusu DNA oran?]
    (2008) Yıldırım, Mustafa; Yavuz, M. Tevfik; Özdemir, Davut; Behçet, Mustafa; Şencan, İrfan
    In hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections, detection of only anti-HBc in the absence of HBsAg and anti-HBs is known as 'anti-HBc only' situation. In this study we investigated the rate of HBV-DNA positivity in anti-HBc only-positive 45 patients (29 male, 16 female; mean age: 39.2 ± 12.3 years) who were followed in the outpatient clinics of a University Hospital in Düzce (located at northern west part of Turkey). HBV markers were investigated by 3rd generation ELISA (ME-IA Axsym-Abbott), and HBV-DNA were searched by real-time PCR [extraction: Minielute (Qiagen, Germany); PCR kits: Florion HBV (Iontek, Turkey); detection: i-cycler IQ5 (BioRad, USA)] methods. As a result, 24.4% (11/45) of the patients were found HBV-DNA positive (> 103 copies/ml). There was no statistically significant difference of HBV-DNA positivity rates between males (9/29; 31%) and females (2/16; 12.5%), (p=0.15). It was concluded that there may be a serious risk of HBV transmission from anti-HBc only-positive patients since the rate of HBV-DNA positivity was found high in our study. Thus HBV-DNA screening should be performed in 'anti-HBc only' patient groups.
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    İzole anti-HBc pozitif hastalarda saptanan yüksek hepatit B virusu DNA oranı
    (2008) Yıldırım, Mustafa; Yavuz, M. Tevfik; Özdemir, Davut; Behçet, Mustafa; Şencan, İrfan
    In hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections, detection of only anti-HBc in the absence of HBsAg and anti-HBs is known as 'anti-HBc only' situation. In this study we investigated the rate of HBV-DNA positivity in anti-HBc only-positive 45 patients (29 male, 16 female; mean age: 39.2 ±12.3 years) who were followed in the outpatient clinics of a University Hospital in Düzce (located at northern west part of Turkey). HBV markers were investigated by 3rd generation ELISA (MEIA Axsym-Abbott), and HBV-DNA were searched by real-time PCR [extraction: Minielute (Qiagen, Germany); PCR kits: Florion HBV (lontek, Turkey); detection: i-cycler IQ5 (BioRad, USA)] methods. As a result, 24.4% (11/45) of the patients were found HBV-DNA positive (> 103 copies/ml). There was no statistically significant difference of HBV-DNA positivity rates between males (9/29; 31 %) and females (2/16; 12.5%), (p 0.15). It was concluded that there may be a serious risk of HBV transmission from anti-HBc only-positive patients since the rate of HBV-DNA positivity was found high in our study. Thus HBV-DNA screening should be performed in 'anti-HBc only' patient groups
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    The validity of the rapidly diagnostic tests for early detection of urinary tract infection
    (2008) Yıldırım, Mustafa; Şahin, İdris; Küçükbayrak, Abdülkadir; Öksüz, Şükrü; Acar, Selda; Yavuz, M. Tevfik
    Urinary tract infectious (UTI) is the most common of all bacterial infections; the purpose of the present study was to determine the validity of rapidly diagnostic tests for the early detection of UTIs in patients. 128 patients who had UTIs and control group consisted of 128 subjects who had not UTIs were included to the study. Urine specimens obtained from the patients were evaluated for possible UTI by Gram staining, microscopic pyuria, dipstick (nitrite and leukocyte esterase), and quantitative urine culture. Using the quantitative urine culture as the gold standard (reference test), the sensitivity, specificity, and positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) of all the screening tests were determined and compared. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for the four screening methods were calculated against the urine culture (reference method) for the diagnosis of UTI. In conclusion, validity of Gram stain was found higher compared to other rapid diagnostic tests.