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    Assessment of nonchemical weed management of windmill palm (Trachycarpus fortunei) nursery
    (Cambridge Univ Press, 2025) Inci, Deniz; Uludag, Ahmet; Al-Khatib, Kassim
    The windmill palm is a distinctive outdoor ornamental palm adapted to cooler climates. Weeds pose significant challenges in palm nurseries, particularly during seedling and establishment stages. This research was conducted in a nursery with 5,500 windmill palm seedlings, starting in April 2014, when the palm trees were 3 yr old. Experiments were terminated in October 2018 when weed control was no longer necessary due to the advanced growth of the palm trees. The objectives of this study were to determine the weed composition and diversity, elucidate the effects of mechanical weed management (MWM) on growth rate of palm, and develop a sustainable program to maximize palm tree growth through effective weed management and soil tillage. Few herbicides are registered for nursery use in T & uuml;rkiye, thus weed control was performed mechanically using garden hoeing machines between rows and hand hoeing for intrarow strips. The most common and dense weeds were purple nutsedge, annual mercury, and common purslane in summer and autumn, and burning nettle in winter and spring. In 2014, weed densities were 100, 127, and 145 weeds m-2 for MWM, hand-weeding (HW), and nontreated (NT) plots, respectively. Transplanted palm seedlings required at least two, ideally three growing seasons of intensive weed control until the palm tree crowns block sunlight and suppress weed growth. The research indicated that palm trees in the MWM treatment had approximately 84 leaves and a height of 210 cm by October 2018, compared with 54 leaves and a height of 136 cm for HW, and 40 leaves and 100 cm height for NT. These results highlight the critical role of MWM in promoting optimal growth of Chinese windmill palms. Effective and sustainable weed management, combining MWM and HW, is essential for producing high-quality palm trees. The research provides valuable insights for nursery managers and contributes to best practices for cultivating windmill palm trees in similar climatic regions.
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    Chemical weed control strategies for sweet corn in Tükye'ris diverse production areas
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2025) Arslan, Zubeyde Filiz; Uludag, Ahmet; Gungor, Huseyin; Tas, Timucin; Aydin, Emine; Williams, Martin M., II
    Sweet corn production in T & uuml;rkiye is failing to match growing demand from consumers and the food industry. Weeds severely limit sweet corn production, yet only a single herbicide is registered in T & uuml;rkiye. Due to labor costs, hand weeding is no longer affordable and growers are demanding cost-effective weed control strategies for sweet corn production. Nine treatments including preemergence (PRE) and/or postemergence (POST) herbicides were tested across the country's diverse growing environments. Compared to the weedy control, all treatments increased the number of marketable ears. Only two treatments-s-metolachlor plus terbuthylazine followed by isoxaflutole plus cyprosulfamide plus theincarbazone-methyl and dimethenamid followed by mesotrione plus nicosulfuron-provided consistent late-season weed control and fully protected crop yield. This study quantifies the value that additional herbicide registrations in T & uuml;rkiye could have for controlling problematic weeds in the country's sweet corn production.
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    Problems and Solutions for Weed Control in Sweet Corn (Zea mays L. var. rugosa or saccharate) Cultivation in Türkiye
    (Türkiye Herboloji Derneği, 2023) Arslan, Zübeyde Filiz; Uludag, Ahmet
    Weeds are among the most important factors limiting sweet corn cultivation and are commonly suppressed by herbicides. Research activities were carried out within the scope of a project conducted between 2018 and 2021 in order to determine effective chemical control strategies against weeds in sweet corn cultivation in Türkiye. Within the aim of the study, by evaluating the information about the problems experienced in the control of weeds that are troublesome in sweet corn production was obtained from growers, some food companies that have contracted production with farmers, company representatives of herbicides applied in sweet corn fields, and other stakeholders, the problems and solutions in sweet corn production were determined. As a result of the research, it was determined that the most important problems related to weed control in sweet corn production in Türkiye are; the low effectiveness of pre-emergence herbicides due to drought in some regions, the difficulties of application on recommended time of post-emergence herbicides due to rainfall, lower effectiveness or higher costs of some herbicides because the limited available choice, the sensitivity of some sweet corn varieties to some herbicides, the phytotoxicity of some herbicides on rotational crops and applying them at lower rates to avoid phytotoxicity. The problems might be solved immediately via applying measures recommended following: The determination of the prevalence and density of weed species in sweet corn production areas in Türkiye, the find out effective alternative methods to chemical control, the increase effectiveness of current herbicides, the find out more effective alternative herbicides, the registration of effective and safe herbicides the earliest, the determine phytotoxic effects of herbicides on sweet corn varieties and rotational plants, and the improve integrated weed management options.