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Öğe Analysis and evaluation of quality parameters of commercial propolis products using a new high Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method and Comparison of antimicrobial properties(Elsevier, 2024) Karagul, Bora; Ugras, Serpil; Karagul, Pinar; Usta, Mehtap; Ugras, BrahimPropolis, which has an important place in functional foods, is a natural bee product with high biological active value and is consumed in different formulations and packages worldwide. Thanks to the active compounds it contains, propolis shows biological properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoal, antitumoral, antiulcer and anti-inflammatory. However, it is seen that propolis supplements are prepared unconsciously in the market. Such commercial products need to be standardized. Within the scope of this study, characteristic compounds of Turkish propolis were initially determined with support from the literature. Subsequently, bioactive components of 23 commercial propolis products were analyzed using the new HPLC method. Then, the flavonoid content and antimicrobial activity of the samples were determined. According to the results of these analyses, the amounts of Caffeic Acid (2,16-1620,57 ppm, Quercetin (0,19-203,99 ppm), Apigenin (0,30-319,08 ppm), Kaempferol (0,56-251,15 ppm), Chrysin (3,97-2830,93 ppm), and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (13,08-9666,48 ppm) were found to be quite different. The highest flavonoid content was measured as P2: 20847,43 mg/L and the lowest was 00003,10 mg/L in sample P13. Samples prepared for children were found to be highly diluted in terms of content. Again, it was determined that the samples with high preservation of active ingredients were products with production certificates based on laboratory analyzes. The samples were generally found to have inhibition activity against Gram (+) bacteria. Propolis samples P6 and P22 showed high activity against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria and even fungi. When we evaluated some products that are insufficient in terms of content and antimicrobial activity, it was observed that antimicrobial activity increased depending on the other auxiliary chemicals used in the products. In this context, propolis products, which are very valuable in terms of health, may lose their real activity due to uncontrolled production and will gradually be devalued in the market. It is important that this valuable product should be produced and offered to the market with the necessary analysis methods without losing its effectiveness.Öğe Antibacterial Activity of Boron Compounds Against Biofilm-Forming Pathogens(Springernature, 2024) Celebi, Ozgur; Celebi, Demet; Baser, Sumeyye; Aydin, Elif; Rakici, Erva; Ugras, Serpil; Yoldas, Pinar AgyarThis study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of nine boron derivatives against biofilm-forming pathogenic bacteria. The effect of boron derivatives (CMB, calcium metaborate; SMTB, sodium metaborate tetrahydrate; ZB, zinc borate; STFB, sodium tetra fluorine borate; STB, sodium tetraborate; PTFB, potassium tetra fluor borate; APTB, ammonium pentabo-rate tetrahydrate; SPM, sodium perborate monohydrate; Borax, ATFB, ammonium tetra fluorine borate) on bacteria isolated from blood culture was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Then, biofilm formation potentials on microplates, tubes, and Congo red agar were examined. The cytotoxicity of boron derivatives was determined by using WST-1-based methods. The interaction between the biofilm-forming bacteria, fibroblast cells, and boron derivatives was determined with the infection model. We found that the sodium metaborate tetrahydrate molecule was effective against all pathogens. According to the optical density values detected at 630 nm in microplates, meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was observed to have the most substantial biofilm ability at 0.257 nm. As a result of cytotoxicity studies, it has been determined that a 1 & mu;g/L concentration of boron derivatives is not toxic to fibroblast L929 cells. In cell culture experiments, these boron derivatives have very serious inhibitory activity against biofilm-forming pathogens in a short treatment period, such as 2-4 h. Furthermore, using these molecules on inanimate surfaces affected by biofilms would be appropriate instead of living cells.Öğe Determination of Cellulase Enzyme Produced by Bacillus cereus DU-1 Isolated from Soil, and Its Effects on Cotton Fiber(Inst Tecnologia Parana, 2024) Ugras, Serpil; Bicen, Hatice Elif Isik; Emire, ZuhalA Cellulase enzyme is the enzyme synthesized by some bacterial and fungal species and breaks down the ss-1,4 glycoside bonds of cellulose. Cellulase enzyme has a wide range of uses such as food, paper, textile industry, animal feed and detergent production. In this study, which was designed to add a new cellulase enzyme with such a wide industrial use, cellulotic bacterium isolation, identification, partial purification, characterization and application on denim fabric of the cellulase enzyme synthesized by the identified bacterium was performed. Firstly, bacterium that can produce cellulase enzyme was isolated from soil samples containing hazelnut wastes. The enzyme-producing isolate was identified as Bacillus cereus strain DU -1 by morphological, biochemical and molecular techniques. The optimum conditions for enzyme production by B. cereus DU -1 was determined as pH 7.0, at 37 degrees C and 24h. However, the activity of the enzyme (5.16 U/mL) was found to be optimum at 50 degrees C and pH 6.0. The Vmax value of the enzyme was 3.18 U/mL and the Km value was 0.0019 mM. The enzyme was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation. The molecular size of the partially purified enzyme was determined as approximately 40 kDa by SDS-PAGE and Zymogram analysis. Finally, enzyme was applied on the denim fabric and when the fabrics were viewed under the electron microscope, it was seen that they were suitable for textile use.Öğe Evaluation of Biochemical Parameters of COVID 19 Patients as Biomarkers(Duzce Univ, Fac Medicine, 2023) Karadeniz, Umit; Ugras, Serpil; Rasgele, Pinar GocObjective: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic with more than 664 million confirmed cases and more than 6.7 million deaths worldwide. In pandemic, several studies have been done about the relationship of some biochemical and hematological parameters with COVID 19 in order to assist diagnosis and treatment. However, a lot of information is not completely complete and there are contradictions in the data. In the present study, it was focused to compare the biochemical parameters of patients and healthy individuals due to COVID 19 by investigating the relationship between age and gender. Methods: The 317 individuals who consulted to the Pandemic Outpatient Clinic with the suspicion of COVID 19 between February 2022 and November 2022 were evaluated by laboratory tests. In present study, biochemical parameter values of individuals with positive and negative COVID 19 test outcomes were used as material. These biochemical parameters were compared statistically based on different age ranges and gender groups. Results: It was ascertained that the values such as urea (UREA), creatine (KREA), ferritin (FER), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), high sensitivity troponin I (HSTI), creatine kinase (CK) and C reactive protein (CRP) in male patients with COVID 19 were higher than female patients with COVID 19. Moreover, it was detected that there was a statistically significant increase in parameters such as GLU, FER, AST, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), HSTI, CK and CRP in COVID 19 patients aged 18-65 years. Conclusions: Many biomarkers of prognostic importance are expensive, ordinary and pricey-effective biomarkers such as FER, AST, LDH, HSTI, CK and CRP can be used to monitor disease in patients with COVID 19 infection.Öğe First isolation of a probiotic candidate Enterococcus mundtii from Herniaria glabra L. and evaluation of its wound healing activity(Oxford Univ Press, 2023) Fidan, Aysenur; Ugras, SerpilIn this study focused on probiotic properties of bacterium isolated from Herniaria glabra L. is a medicinal plant. The bacterium was isolated from H. glabra, and it was identified using the molecular method as Enterococcus mundtii AF-1 strain. Antibiotic sensitivity tests showed that AF-1 strain was sensitive to streptomycin, tobramycin, gentamicin, imipenem, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin. The strain exhibited gamma-haemolytic activity. These results show that the strain can be considered safe. The AF-1 strain showed inhibitory activity against some pathogens, including Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Additionally, AF-1 strain exhibited high tolerance to low pH, pepsin, pancreatin, and bile salts. These properties showed that the strain may survival under the gastrointestinal conditions. The strain showed 40% DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The autoaggregation rate of the strain was 72.46% and the strain exhibited the high coaggregation rate (70.77% with Escherichia coli, and 63.78% with Listeria monocytogenesis). AF-1 strain showed 38.10% adhesion towards n-hexane, and 47.62% adhesion toward chloroform. It has been found to have moderate hydrophobicity. These results demonstrated the beneficial colonization ability of the strain in the gut. Furthermore, it was observed that living cells of AF-1 strain showed healing activity in the artificial wound area. Result of studies, it is seen that AF-1 strain might be excellent a probiotic candidate. In this study focused on probiotic properties of bacterium isolated from Herniaria glabra L. is a medicinal plant.Öğe Probiotic potential and wound-healing activity of Pediococcus pentosaceus strain AF2 isolated from Herniaria glabra L. which is traditionally used to make yogurt(Springer, 2024) Ugras, Serpil; Fidan, Aysenur; Yoldas, Pinar AgyarProbiotics have been a part of our lives for centuries, primarily through fermented foods. They find applications in various fields such as food, healthcare, and agriculture. Nowadays, their utilization is expanding, highlighting the importance of discovering new bacterial strains with probiotic properties suitable for diverse applications. In this study, our aim was to isolate new probiotic bacteria. Herniaria glabra L., a plant traditionally used for yogurt making in some regions and recognized in official medicine in many countries, was chosen as the source for obtaining probiotic bacteria. We conducted bacterial isolation from the plant, molecularly identified the isolated bacteria using 16S rRNA sequencing, characterized their probiotic properties, and assessed their wound-healing effects. As a result of these studies, we identified the bacterium isolated from the plant as Pediococcus pentosaceus strain AF2. We found that the strain AF2 exhibited high resistance to conditions within the gastrointestinal tract. Our reliability analysis showed that the isolate had gamma-hemolytic activity and displayed sensitivity to certain tested antibiotics. At the same time, AF2 did not show gelatinase and DNase activity. We observed that the strain AF2 produced metabolites with inhibitory activity against E. coli, B. subtilis, P. vulgaris, S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, and Y. pseudotuberculosis. The auto-aggregation value of the strain AF2 was calculated at 73.44%. Coaggregation values against E. coli and L. monocytogenes bacteria were determined to be 56.8% and 57.38%, respectively. Finally, we tested the wound-healing effect of the strain AF2 with cell culture studies and found that the strain AF2 promoted wound healing.Öğe Protective Effects of Origanum onites and Its Components on Lead-Nitrate Induced Genotoxicity in Root Cells of Allium cepa L.(Acg Publications, 2024) Ugras, Serpil; Rasgele, Pinar Goc; Temizce, Semih; Emire, Zuhal; Dirmenci, TuncayThis study investigates the protective effects of components (Thymol; Thy, Carvacrol; Car, Linalool; Lin, and alpha-Pinene; AP) and essential oil of Origanum onites L. (O. onites-EO), against lead nitrate -induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in Allium cepa L. (A. cepa) root tip cells. These components obtained from O. onites were characterized by gas chromatography (GC). A. cepa bulbs were exposed to 6.25-12.5 mg/L concentrations of the O. onites-EO/components of O. onites-EO for analyses of induction of cytogenetic damage. Then, these bulbs were exposed to 10 mg/L concentrations of lead nitrate for analyses of the protective effects of O. onites and its components. Mitotic abnormalities were evaluated for genotoxicity, and mitotic index (MI) for cytotoxicity. As a result of this study, lead nitrate increased the total chromosomal abnormality amount in A. cepa, indicating genotoxicity. MI was decreased with lead nitrate. However, this effect was significantly improved by components of O. onites-EO. This effect was shown with the decrease in the number of chromosomal abnormalities and increase in MI rates in lead nitrate -induced root cells after exposure to the components of O. onites-EO. The protective effect of O. onites-EO components against the damage caused by lead nitrate in cells can be listed as alpha- Pinene > Thymol > Carvacrol > Linalool. Among all essential oil components tested, alpha-Pinene was determined to have the strongest protective effect. Furthermore, the protective effect of the essential oil, which contains all the components, could not be determined. It has been observed that the components of essential oil have different effects, and it can be said that these components suppress the effects of each other in the mixture where they are found together. In conclusion, this study shows that the components of O. onites-EO have a protective effect on lead nitrate -induced A. cepa root cells.Öğe Use of Ag-TiO2 and ZnPT Complexes in the Development of Antimicrobial Textiles(E.U. Printing And Publishing House, 2023) Sari, Utku; Ugras, SerpilIn this study, it was aimed to use the synthesized Ag-TiO2 and commercial ZnPT complexes in the development of antimicrobial textile. Textile materials containing 70% cotton and 30% polyester were used in the study. The complexes were applied on textile material by exhausted process. Antimicrobial activity of textile samples was determined by AATCC 147 method. As a result of these studies, Ag- TiO2 and ZnPT complexes have antimicrobial activity against all test microorganisms including E. cloaceae, E. faecalis, S. typhimirium, S. epidermidis, P. vulgaris, Y. pseudotuberculosis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, B. subtilis, E. coli, L. monocytogenes and C. albicans. Optimum conditions of application on textile material were determined that application at 50oC for 60 min and drying at 70 degrees C for 60 min. Optimum concentration values for the application were determined as 4g/L for Ag-TiO2 and 0.01g/L for ZnPT, and these values were shown as bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) by shake-flask method. After the application carried out under optimum conditions, it was observed that the textile samples gained serious antimicrobial properties and formed an inhibition zone larger than 30 mm around the textile materials. Furthermore, it has been determined that the antimicrobial activities of textile materials were durable up to 10 repeated washings and it was permanent for more than 25 days under open air and room temperature conditions. When Ag-TiO2 and ZnPT are compared, it can be said that ZnPT is more active and more durable. As a result of this study, it has been revealed that Ag-TiO2 and ZnPT complexes can be used in the development of antimicrobial textiles.
