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    Awareness, knowledge, and attitudes of the Belgian general population towards paternal perinatal depression: a descriptive cross-sectional study
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2025) Akalin, Ayse; D'haenens, Florence; Tricas-Sauras, Sandra; Vermeulen, Joeri; Demedts, Dennis; Buyl, Ronald; Fobelets, Maaike
    Background Paternal perinatal depression affects 10% of fathers, implying a significant burden on families and public health. A better insight into the population's health literacy could guide professionals and policymakers in addressing these men and making better use of existing healthcare options. It is also crucial for caregivers, as they play a vital role in identifying symptoms, encouraging help-seeking, and reducing stigma. This study aimed to explore the awareness, knowledge, and attitudes of the general population in Belgium towards paternal perinatal depression, using the validated DDads (Depression in Dads) questionnaire.Methods This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted between March and May 2020-2022 using convenience sampling. Participants aged over 18 years, with a good understanding of Dutch and residing in the Brussels-Capital Region or Flemish Brabant were invited to participate. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi(2) analysis, and independent sample t-test.Results A total of 314 participants, including women (n=165) and men (n=149) completed the questionnaire. Anxiousness was the most frequently cited mental health problem for men during their partners' pregnancy (82.5%) and in the postnatal period (68.5%). Over one-third (37.3%) viewed paternal depression as a 'normal' part of the transition to fatherhood. The recommended treatment for paternal depression was mostly non-pharmacological, with family support ranking first (79.9%) and seeking support from informal networks being the most recommended approach (45.2%). New personality characteristics such as withdrawal, cynicism, raging attacks, and irritability, among others, were seen as common symptoms (64.6%). Although 70% of respondents believed that perinatal depression requires specialized treatment, only 39.2% agreed that all men should be screened for depression during pregnancy.Conclusions Recognition of paternal depression symptoms was relatively low but higher among females, participants with higher education, and those aware of paternal depression. Professional support recommendations were limited, especially among young people and those without children. The terms 'paternal perinatal depression' and 'perinatal mental health' are poorly understood. The findings highlight critical gaps in awareness and attitudes, offering valuable insights. Future research should develop tailored interventions to support men's mental well-being during the perinatal period. Targeted awareness campaigns and healthcare improvements are crucial for addressing this issue.
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    Immersive insights: A qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis of views, experiences, health and wellbeing of students and educators using virtual reality in nursing and midwifery education
    (Churchill Livingstone, 2025) Odame-Amoabeng, Sylvester; Akalin, Ayse; D'haenens, Florence; Tricas-Sauras, Sandra; Chang, Yan-Shing
    Background and objectives: As healthcare evolves with technology, the demand for a more skilled nursing and midwifery workforce has increased, making traditional learning alone insufficient. This has driven the adoption of virtual reality (VR) based simulation learning. While VR's effectiveness has been reviewed, student and educator experiences and well-being remain underexplored. This review examined the perspectives of nursing and midwifery students and educators using immersive VR, and its impact on health and well-being. Methods: A qualitative systematic review was conducted searching across seven databases, CINAHL, Embase, Education Resources Information Centre, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection, from January 2001 to March 2024. Qualitative evidence on midwifery and nursing students and educators using immersive VR, including head-mounted displays, were included. An adapted Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool was used to assess study quality. Themes were developed using thematic synthesis. Findings: Forty-five studies from 14 countries were synthesised. VR topics covered skills, competencies, knowledge acquisition, and professional values. Seven analytical themes emerged: impact on health and well-being, constraints to VR use, unique selling points of VR, enhanced productivity in teaching and learning, perceptions of realism in VR, professional development and attitude shifts, and future considerations for VR use. Conclusion: While VR provides significant benefits in nursing and midwifery education, its full integration is hindered by practical challenges, and concerns about health and well-being. Effective adoption requires dedicated educator support, student collaboration in content development, clear guidelines, increased institutional investment, and balanced use alongside traditional simulations. Future research should investigate learner and educator perspectives longitudinally to maximise VR's educational potential.
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    Monitoring stress using a wearable device and measuring satisfaction during high-fidelity perinatal simulation: A randomized controlled study
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2025) Akalin, Ayse; D'haenens, Florence; Demedts, Dennis; Vermeulen, Joeri; Fobelets, Maaike; Tricas-Sauras, Sandra
    Aim: To continuously monitor midwifery students' physiological stress during high-fidelity perinatal simulation using a wearable device (Empatica (c) E4 wristband) and assess the impact of a stress-focused debriefing on their physiological and psychological stress and satisfaction. Background: High-fidelity simulation is an innovative training method that improves satisfaction and learning in healthcare, including midwifery. However, students might experience pressure and this can result in stress during simulations. Design: A two-group randomized controlled. Methods: The study was conducted at a University College's High-Fidelity Perinatal Simulation Centre in Belgium. Participants included fifty-six second- and third-year midwifery students. The intervention group received a stress-focused debriefing in addition to a standard debriefing, while the control group received routine standard debriefing. Physiological stress was continuously monitored using the E4 wristband, which measures electrodermal activity, heart rate, blood pressure and temperature. Measurements were divided into time periods: pre-simulation (T-0), scenario-running (T-1), debriefing (T-2) and post-simulation (T-3). Psychological stress was assessed at T-0 and T-3 using the Short Stress State Questionnaire and satisfaction was evaluated the Satisfaction with Simulation Experience Scale at T-3. Results: The intervention group showed a significant reduction in psychological stress and higher satisfaction than the control group (p < 0.001). Electrodermal activity at T-2 and heart rate at T-3 were significantly lower in the intervention group than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: A stress-focused debriefing effectively reduces midwifery students' psychological and physiological stress while enhancing satisfaction. Electrodermal activity and heart rate parameters offered valuable insights into the students' physiological responses during perinatal simulation.
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    Using digital technologies and applications in midwifery practice in Belgium: A descriptive cross-sectional study
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2025) Akalin, Ayse; D'haenens, Florence; Vermeulen, Joeri; Tricas-Sauras, Sandra; Lanssens, Dorien
    Introduction: Over the past two decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the use of digital technologies within healthcare and also in midwifery. However, scarce literature exist on the use of digital technologies and applications in midwifery practice particularly in the Belgian setting. Aim: To map the use of digital technologies and applications by midwives in various settings, encompassing hospitals, primary care, and educational institutions in Belgium. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to collect data via an online questionnaire targeting at midwives working in the Flemish region, Walloon region, or Brussels-Capital region. Midwives were either Dutch-speaking or French-speaking (n = 212). The semi-structured questionnaire addressed three domains: (1) socio-demographics, (2) employment information (3) the use of digital technology, including the level of comfort with technology. Qualtrics (c) program was used for managing data and SPSS v28.0 (c) for data analysis using descriptive statistics, Chi2 analysis, and independent sample t-test. The study adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guidelines. Results: Among respondents, 58% reported the use of digital technologies and applications, with electronic health records (89.6%), electronic prescriptions (65.6%), and remote patient monitoring (51.2%) commonly utilized. Sensor technology (7.2%), mixed care (3.8%), care robots (2.5%), and wearable devices (1.9%) were very rarely used. The target groups for these digital technologies and applications generally encompass all stages of the perinatal period. Midwives felt overall highly confident with these technologies. Younger participants and those with a Master's or PhD degree exhibited greater comfort scores in digital technology use. No significant relationships were observed between socio-demographic characteristics and the adoption of digital technology. Conclusion: The results highlight the potential for incorporating digital technologies and applications into various midwifery care settings. Addressing barriers and enhancing usability can optimize technology integration, contributing to personalized high-quality care, ultimately improving perinatal health outcomes.