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Öğe Analysis of chippaux smirak index on dynamic balance scores(2020) Şenol, Deniz; Toy, Şeyma; Bilge, Damla; Özdemir, Beyza; Özbağ, DavutAim: The aim of this study is to examine whether Chippaux Smirak Index (CSI) calculated from footprint and measurements takenfrom foot have an effect on balance scores.Materials and Methods: 61volunteers (25 males, 36 females) between the ages of 18 and 24 were included in our study and 122feet were measured. Footprints of the participants were taken by using Harris imprint. Footprints were scanned, the parameterswere measured with Digimizer program and CSI was calculated. Metatarsal foot width (MFW), maximum metatarsal foot width(MMFW), length of the foot (LoFA), heel width (HW) and foot length (FL) taken from footprints were measured. Individuals withCSI >62.70% were considered as flatfooted and excluded from the study. Dynamic balance measurements were made with BiodexBalance System (BBS) (Biodex Medical Systems, Shirley, 2000, New York). Overall (OA), anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral(ML) dynamic balance assessments of the participants were made with eyes open.Results: According to Mann Whitney U analysis results, statistically significant difference was found between MFW, MMFW, LoFA,HW and FL parameters of men and women in both feet (p<0.05). It was found that OA, AP and ML balance scores had a statisticallysignificant difference between men and women for dynamic balance (p<0.05). According to Sperman Rho correlation analysis, apositive correlation was found between weight and body mass index (BMI) and balance scores in men and women. It was found thatthere was no significant correlation between CSI and balance scores.Conclusion: As a conclusion, while no association was found between weight and BMI and CSI, a positive correlation was foundbetween weight and balance scores. We believe the fact that women have lower BMI gives them an advantage in terms of balancescores. In addition, it was found as a result of this study that there was no association between CSI and balance scores. We believethat our study will have an important place in literature and be a guide since we compared both genders.Öğe Associating craniofacial morphometry determined by photo analysis with somatotype in healthy young individuals(2023) Toy, Şeyma; Şenol, Deniz; Öner, ZülalObjectives: Evaluation of the relationship between craniofacial parameters and somatotype provides important contributions to specialist physicians and anatomists in determining diseases and obtaining objective results of anthropometric measurements. The study was designed in line with this hypothesis and the aim was to find out how this relationship changed in healthy individuals. Methods: The study was conducted by examining 191 healthy individuals between the ages of 18 and 30. The individuals’ faces were photographed from a distance of 1 meter and craniofacial parameters were measured in Image J program. Somatotype analysis was conducted by using Heath-Carter somatotype method. Results: As a result of our study, the individuals were found to be grouped in four classes according to Heath-Carter somatotype method: (1) mesomorph endomorph, (2) endomorph ectomorph, (3) endomorph mesomorph and (4) central. Significant correlation was found between the second and first somatotype groups in terms of total nasal length, while significant correlation was found between second and first/second and third/fourth and third/first and third somatotype groups in terms of body mass index (BMI) parameter (p < 0.05). Craniofacial parameters were also evaluated and a very high correlation was found between total facial height and mandibular height, while there was a high correlation between total facial height and the other 16 parameters. Conclusions: As a result of our study, a relationship was found between somatotype groups and craniofacial parameters, within craniofacial parameters, and between somatotype and BMI. We believe that this relationship will guide morphological studies in basic medical sciences and surgical interventions in clinical sciences.Öğe Comparison of the effects of conventional physiotherapy and proprioception exercises on pain and ankle proprioception in patients with lumbar radiculopathy(Ios Press, 2022) Şenol, Deniz; Erdem, Cumali; Canbolat, Mustafa; Toy, Şeyma; Karatas, Turgay; Baykara, Rabia Aydogan; Özbağ, DavutBACKGROUND: Lumbar radiculopathy is characterized by a significant amount of backache causing loss of workforce and is a significant health problem frequently seen in the general population. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of conventional physiotherapy (CT) and proprioception exercises (PE) on ankle proprioception and lumbar pain between patients with lumbar radiculopathy and a healthy control group. METHODS: In this randomized clinical trial, 89 patients referred to the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation outpatient clinic were selected through convenience sampling. They were randomly assigned to three groups: CT ( n = 27), PE ( n = 31), CT&PE (n = 31). Thirty healthy volunteers were included in the study as the control group. Proprioception measurements were made with an isokinetic dynamometer at 10 degrees dorsiflexion (DF), 11 degrees, and 25 degrees plantarflexion (PF) angles. Lumbar pain was assessed by using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). The data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0 via the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of ankle proprioception and NPRS measurements in post-treatment evaluations (p < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were found between CT and PE groups and CT&PE and control groups. There was no statistically significant difference in comparing CT and PE groups and CT&PE and control groups within themselves (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The combined use of CT and PE is an effective method that can be used in the clinic to reduce angular differences in ankle proprioception which is one of the primary factors of balance and coordination and lumbar pain.Öğe Comparison of the effects of the somatotype on the physical activity, kinesiophobia, and fatigue levels of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients and healthy individuals(Iranian Journal of Public Health, 2021) Toy, Şeyma; Çiftçi, R.; Şenol, D.; Kızılay, F.; Ermiş, H.Background: We aimed to compare the physical activity, kinesiophobia, and fatigue levels of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients and healthy individuals in terms their somatotypes. Methods: A total of 165 individuals were enrolled referred to the Department of Chest Diseases Sleep Disorders Center Outpatient Clinic of Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey in 2018. The somatotype analysis was conducted using the Heath-Carter method, the fatigue level was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) fatigue scale, the kinesiophobia level was assessed using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), and the physical activity level was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results: The results of the somatotype analysis revealed 3 different somatotypes in the healthy individuals and the OSAS patients’ mesomorph endomorph, endomorphic mesomorph, and mesomorphic endomorph. When comparing the somatotypes of the healthy individuals and the OSAS patients, statistically significant differences were found in the FACIT scores of the mesomorph endomorphs, the IPAQ and FACIT scores of the endomorphic mesomorphs, and the TSK and FACIT scores of the mesomorphic endomorphs (P<0.05). Conclusion: In all three somatotypes of the OSAS patients, the fatigue index scores were higher when compared to those of the healthy individuals. Moreover, when compared with the healthy individuals, the physical activity levels of the endomorphic mesomorphs with OSAS were low, while the kinesiophobia scores of the mesomorphic endomorphs with OSAS were high. Based on the results of this study, in OSAS patients, the endomorphic mesomorph somatotype could be a risk factor for reduced physical activity, while the mesomorphic endomorph somatotype could be a risk factor for increased kinesiophobia. © 2021 Toy et al.Öğe The Effects of Kinesio Taping on Reaction Time, Pain, Hand Grip Strength and Upper Extremity Functional State in Patients with Lateral Epicondylitis(2021) Toy, Şeyma; Şenol, Deniz; Çiftçi, Rukiye; Kızılay, Fatma; Ersoy, YükselPurpose: This study aims to evaluate the effects of kinesio taping (KT) in addition to conventional physiotherapy methods, on visualreaction time (VRT) and auditory reaction time (ART), pain, handgrip strength (HGS), and upper extremity function in patients withlateral epicondylitis (LE).Materials and Methods: 70 patients diagnosed with LE by a physician in a university hospital were included in the study. Patientswith LE were randomly divided into “Inhibitory KT” (IKT) and “Sham KT” (SKT) groups. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) measureswere made at rest (VAS-R), with movement (VAS-M), and at night (VAS-N) separately. Hubbard Scientific reaction timer for VRTART assessment, quick disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire (Quick DASH) for the functional state, and Jamar handdynamometer measurements for HGS were recorded for pre-treatment and post-treatment comparisons.Results: In pre-treatment and post-treatment group comparison, it was found that both groups showed statistically significant recoveryin all parameters (p<0.05). When post-treatment data of the groups were compared, it was found that VAS-M, VAS-R, VRT, and ARTscores showed a statistically significant decrease in the IKT group (p<0.05).Conclusion: The present study shows that KT application in addition to conventional physiotherapy was an effective method in LE’sconservative treatment. Statistically significant differences were found on pain, reaction time (RT) scores in favor of the IKT groupwhen the post-treatment results of both groups were comparedÖğe Evaluation of Online Anatomy Education Given in Medicine and Dentistry Faculties of Universities During Covid-19 Pandemic with Student(2021) Şenol, Deniz; Toy, Şeyma; Canbolat, Mustafa; Pektaş, MuratObjective: We are experiencing the effects of Covid-19 pandemic as the whole world. All educational facilities have been negatively affected within this period. In this study, the aim was to evaluate online Anatomy education during Covid-19 pandemic with students’ feedbacks and it was questioned whether it would be efficient to use online education more actively in the following years.Methods: A total of 1127 first and second year students from Dentistry Faculty and Medicine Faculty of Düzce, Karabük and İnönü Universities were included in the study. The survey prepared in “Google Forms” was sent online to students via “WhatsApp” application. Descriptive statistical analyses were used in data.Results: According to analysis results, it was found that the students agreed on the content and efficiency of online anatomy education, not having learning difficulties, the layout of the lessons, the importance of the lesson, the necessity for their profession, the importance of visual tools, they are worried about not being able to do face-to-face lessons, and anatomy theoretical courses shouldn’t be taught online when the pandemics is over. It was found that medicine faculty students placed more importance on anatomy education in terms of professional aspects.Conclusions: As a result, we believe that the online Anatomy education students receive is important in terms of their professional development. However, we believe that it won’t be possible for online Anatomy education to replace face-to-face education. This study will be a resource for studies to be conducted in medicine and health sciences fields in terms of online education.Öğe Evaluation of visual and auditory reaction time, pain, and hand grip strength performance before and after conventional physiotherapy in patients with herniated cervical intervertebral disc with radiculopathy(Kare Publ, 2021) Şenol, Deniz; Kızılay, Fatma; Toy, Şeyma; Çiftçi, Rukiye; Ersoy, YükselOBJECTIVE: Herniated cervical intervertebral disc (cervical disc herniation [CDH]) with radiculopathy is known to occur in seven or eight out of 100 people worldwide. This disease causes movement limitation, loss of strength, and pain of upper extremity. The aim of this study is the effect of conventional physiotherapy agents on predetermined parameters in patients with cervical radiculopathy and to compare the results with healthy controls. METHODS: A total of 102 patients with CDH with radiculopathy and 98 healthy controls were included in the study. Visual reaction time (VRT) and auditory reaction time (ART) measurements were evaluated with reaction timer, while the pain was assessed with visual analog scale (VAS) and handgrip strength (HGS) assessed with hand dynamometer, respectively. Conventional physiotherapy (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, hot pack application, and therapeutic ultrasound) agents were applied 5 days/week for 3 weeks as treatment protocol. RESULTS: As a result, VAS, VRT, and ART scores were significantly decreased, and HGS scores increased significantly in both female and male patients post-treatment measures (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between patient group and control group measurements in post-treatment evaluations (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: This study presents the conclusion to literature that conventional physiotherapy agents have the effect of decreasing pain and regaining motor function and also a therapeutic effect on VRT and ART in the treatment of patients with CDH with radiculopathy.Öğe Fiziksel Engelli Çocuklarda Beslenme Durumu ile Somatotip Profilleri Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi(2021) Çiftçi, Rukiye; Kızılay, Fatma; Toy, Şeyma; Şenol, Deniz; Akyol, Betül; Ersoy, Yüksel; Özbağ, DavutFiziksel engelli çocuklarda beslenme durumu somatotip karaktertipini etkileyebilir. Bu çocuklarda beslenme durumunun olumsuzetkilenmesi aşırı zayıflığa veya aşırı kilo alımına, özelliklekilonun vücudun santral bölgesinde toplanmasına nedenolabilecek bir etkendir. Fiziksel engelli çocuklarda beslenmeninobezite ile ilişkisi bilinmekle birlikte, somatotip üzerine etkisiniaraştıran sınırlı çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada fizikselengelli çocuklarda beslenme durumunun somatotip karakterleriüzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Çalışmaya 84 fizikselengelli çocuk katıldı. Çocuklar fonksiyonel engel seviyeleri KabaMotor Fonksiyon Sınıflama Sistemi (KMFSS) ile değerlendirildi.Çocukların yaş, boy, vücut ağırlığı, vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ)değişkenleri belirlendi. Somatotip karakter analizi Heath-Cartermetodu ile beslenme durumu ise Çocuk Beslenme Anketi (ÇBA)ile değerlendirildi. Çocuklarda ‘mezomorfik endomorf’, ‘endomezomorf’, ‘dengeli ektomorf’ ile ‘mezomorfi ve endomorfi’olmak üzere 4 somatotip karakteri belirlendi. Yapılan istatistikselanaliz sonucunda fiziksel engelli çocukların somatotipkarakterleri ile beslenme durumları arasında ilişki olmadığıbelirlendi (p>0.05). Fiziksel engelli çocuklarda somatotipkarakterleri ile beslenme durumları arasında ilişki bulunmadı. Budurum fiziksel engelli çocuklarda somatotip karakteri belirleyendiğer etkenlerin araştırılması yönünden dikkate alınmalıdır.Öğe Morphometric Examinations of Internal Carotid Arteries of Patients with Hypertension and Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Radio Anatomic Study Based on Computed Tomography Angiography Findings(Turkish Neurosurgical Soc, 2022) Çiftçi, Rukiye; Ulubaba, Hilal Er; Şenol, Deniz; Toy, Şeyma; Yıldırım, İsmail OkanAIM: To examine the relationship between the morphologic features of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and symptoms affecting cerebral blood circulation including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension (HT).MATERIAL and METHODS: In this study, retrospective morphometric analysis of ICA measurements from 100 patients (aged 45-60 years) was performed using computed tomographic angiography (CTA) images. The images were divided into four groups: patients with HT (group 1), patients with T2DM (group 2), patients with HT and T2DM (group 3), and a healthy control group (group 4). Length and diameter measurements of the cervical, petrous, cavernous, and terminal segments of the ICA were made using 3D CTA images and recorded. The measurements of the male and female patients were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and the groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis H test.RESULTS: It was found that there were statistically significant differences between male and female patients in terms of the right and left petrous, cavernous, and terminal segments of the ICA in group 1, right and left cervical left cavernous in group 3, left cervical, right and left petrous, cavernous, and right cavernous in group 4 (p<0.05). According to the Kruskal-Wallis H test analysis results, it was determined that there were no statistically significant differences between the patients in the four groups for all segment measurements (p>0.05).CONCLUSION: It was determined that ICA was more affected by HT than diabetes. In addition, we think that being knowledgeable of morphometric measurements of ICA will guide radio-anatomic evaluations and increase the level of microanatomic knowledge in surgical treatment.Öğe A study on sex estimation by using machine learning algorithms with parameters obtained from computerized tomography images of the cranium(Nature Portfolio, 2022) Toy, Şeyma; Seçgin, Yusuf; Öner, Zülal; Turan, Muhammed Kamil; Öner, Serkan; Şenol, DenizThe aim of this study is to test whether sex prediction can be made by using machine learning algorithms (ML) with parameters taken from computerized tomography (CT) images of cranium and mandible skeleton which are known to be dimorphic. CT images of the cranium skeletons of 150 men and 150 women were included in the study. 25 parameters determined were tested with different ML algorithms. Accuracy (Acc), Specificity (Spe), Sensitivity (Sen), F1 score (F1), Matthews correlation coefficient (Mcc) values were included as performance criteria and Minitab 17 package program was used in descriptive statistical analyses. p <= 0.05 value was considered as statistically significant. In ML algorithms, the highest prediction was found with 0.90 Acc, 0.80 Mcc, 0.90 Spe, 0.90 Sen, 0.90 F1 values as a result of LR algorithms. As a result of confusion matrix, it was found that 27 of 30 males and 27 of 30 females were predicted correctly. Acc ratios of other MLs were found to be between 0.81 and 0.88. It has been concluded that the LR algorithm to be applied to the parameters obtained from CT images of the cranium skeleton will predict sex with high accuracy.
