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    Methylene blue dye efficient removal using activated carbon developed from waste cigarette butts: Adsorption, thermodynamic and kinetics
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Dalmaz, Aslihan; Sivrikaya Ozak, Sezen
    This study aimed to obtain activated carbon using waste cigarette butts, which is one of the most harmful and toxic environmental materials. In addition, cigarette butts were converted into activated carbon in the thermal carbonization stage using ZnCl2 (1:2 ratios by mass) as a chemical activator. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller test, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, Scanning electron microscope, and Elemental analysis were used to determine the activated carbon's surface morphology, elemental composition, functional group, and surface properties. As a result of the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller test, it was observed that the activated carbon obtained had a high surface area of 667.9 m2/g. In the study, it was determined that the Langmuir model can best describe the adsorption isotherm model. In addition, the maximum adsorption capacity of activated carbon for methylene blue dye was 285.7 mg g -1 at 25 degrees C. The results obtained in the study support that the pore structure of cigarette butts will be one of the strong alternatives in the production of activated carbon for the removal of methylene blue dye.
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    A new method for the determination of Brilliant Blue FCF in energy drinks: Smartphone digital imaging colorimetry (SDIC) and green deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive microextraction procedure
    (Elsevier Inc., 2025) Özgen, Akif; Dalmaz, Aslıhan; Sivrikaya Ozak, Sezen
    Smartphone digital image colorimetry, coupled with a deep eutectic solvent-based liquid-liquid microextraction, was used to determine the Brilliant Blue FCF colorant in energy drinks. The Brilliant Blue FCF determination using the smartphone digital image colorimetry (SDIC) method offers several advantages, including fast and practical application, low cost, and high efficiency. Colorimetric determinations were performed using the “RGB Color Detector” application. DES was obtained by mixing tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC) with decanoic acid (DecA) in a 1:2 ratio. The optimum conditions for microextraction were a pH of 5.0, a DES volume of 300 μL, a sample volume of 15 mL, an ultrasonic time of 2 min, and a centrifuging time of 3 min at 4000 rpm. The LOD and LOQ values for the technique were determined to be 0.001 μg mL−1 and 0.003 μg mL−1, respectively. The RSD was determined to be 2.54 % for intraday measurements and 3.04 % for interday measurements. The correlation coefficient was 0.9996, indicating that acceptable linearity was attained. Additionally, the developed microextraction method has been demonstrated to comply with green chemistry principles by applying the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) tool. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.