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Öğe The Characterization and Beta-Lactam Resistance of Staphylococcal Community Recovered from Raw Bovine Milk(Mdpi, 2023) Sipahi, Nisa; Kaya, Ertugrul; Celik, Cansu; Pinar, OrhanStaphylococci is an opportunistic bacterial population that is permanent in the normal flora of milk and poses a serious threat to animal and human health with some virulence factors and antibiotic-resistance genes. This study was aimed at identifying staphylococcal species isolated from raw milk and to determine hemolysis, biofilm, coagulase activities, and beta-lactam resistance. The raw milk samples were collected from the Duzce (Turkiye) region, and the study data represent a first for this region. The characterization of the bacteria was performed with MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The presence of coa, icaB, blaZ, and mecA was investigated with PCR. A nitrocefin chromogenic assay was used for beta-lactamase screening. In this context, 84 staphylococci were isolated from 10 different species, and the dominant species was determined as S. aureus (32.14%). Although 32.14% of all staphylococci were positive for beta hemolysis, the icaB gene was found in 57.14%, coa in 46.42%, mecA in 15.47%, and blaZ in 8.33%. As a result, Staphylococcus spp. strains that were isolated from raw milk in this study contained some virulence factors at a high level, but also contained a relatively low level of beta-lactam resistance genes. However, considering the animal-environment-human interaction, it is considered that the current situation must be monitored constantly in terms of resistance concerns. It must not be forgotten that the development of resistance is in constant change among bacteria.Öğe Comparative study of chemical composition and the antimutagenic activity of propolis extracts obtained by means of various solvents(Serbian Chemical Soc, 2023) Rasgele, Pinar G.; Sipahi, Nisa; Yilmaz, GuldenThe present study is aimed to evaluate the chemical characterization and antimutagenic potential of propolis extracted in three different solvents (ethanol, polyethylene glycol and water). The chemical properties of different extracts of propolis were identified using HPLC-DAD and LC- MS/MS and polyethylene glycol extract of propolis were found to be richer than the ethanolic and water extracts of propolis considering chemical composition. In addition, the antimutagenic activities of propolis extracts were determined using Ames assay. The concentrations of 3, 1.5 and 0.75 mg plate(-1) of ethanolic and polyethylene glycol extracts, as well as 0.3, 0.15 (sic) 0.075 mg plate(-1) of water extract of propolis were used as active materials. Propolis extracted in three different solvents indicated strong antimutagenic activity against both 4-nitro-o-phenylendiamine and sodium azide mutagens in the Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and 100 strains at all concentrations. Ethanolic extract of propolis had the highest inhibition rates for both bacterial strains and these rates were 98.94 and 97.37 % for TA98 and TA100, respectively. The inhibition rates of polyethylene glycol extract of propolis ranged from 68.27 to 98.94%. Moreover, it was determined that water extract of propolis had the lowest inhibition rates, which were 56.86 and 55.35% for TA98 and TA100, respectively. The toxicological safety of natural products such as propolis has gained great importance due to extensive usage.Öğe Cytotoxicity of Some Retail Food Supplements(Düzce Üniversitesi, 2020) Ağyar Yoldaş, Pınar; Yoldaş, Taner; Sipahi, NisaObjective: Medicinal plants and products obtained from medicinal plants are widely used in the treatment of various diseases in our country as well as all over the world. However, scientific data on the biological effects and mechanisms of action of most extracts from medicinal plants are still lacking. Because of that interest in scientific research of the biological effects of medicinal plants and products obtained from medicinal plants is increasing day by day. In addition, the reliability of these products in terms of use apart from their effectiveness is very important for public health. In this study, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of commercially marketed AYM-net® natural herbal food supplements in L929 (mouse fibroblast) cells.Material-Method: In this study, the WST-1 cell proliferation test protocol was applied to examine the cytotoxicity of 19 different products on the market belonging to AYM-net® in L929 cell lines and the results were evaluated according to Elisa microplate reading data. The products were also tested at concentrations of 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06 µg / ml, taking into account the amounts of daily use.Results: When the results were evaluated, 19 different AYM-net® food supplement products sold on the market were cytotoxic in the L929 cell line, in the concentration range of 0.02-0.06 µg/mL, it was observed that the products were not toxic at these dosesConclusion: As a result, different doses of AYM-net® herbal products did not show toxicity on L929 cells. Doses used are within the reliable range.Keywords: L929, cell culture, cytotoxicity, food supplement, herbal mixtureÖğe Determination and Comparison of Phenolic Compound Content and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Propolis Samples in Türkiye(2022) Sipahi, Nisa; Ağyar Yoldaş, PınarObjective: Ethanol extraction is the most popular technique for the production of propolis extracts. However, this method may not be suitable for various clinical conditions. Based on it, we composed a trial product with an olive-oil extraction as an alternative method. Furthermore, we crafted combinations to reinforce and synergize the antimicrobial activity of the trial propolis product. Finally, we compared our trial products with the existing marketing products in Türkiye. The present study aimed to determine chemical compounds and the antimicrobial activity of some propolis samples selected from Türkiye and compare the mentioned features with the olive-oil- trial products we composed for the study. Material-Method: Four different samples, as trial and final products, were crafted for the study. Trail products conducted as sample 1 to 4 (S1, S2, S3 and S4). The trial products were compared with the four other propolis and propolis-containing combined products currently exciting on the market. Four different trademarks were used, and the Trademarks (TM) was called TM1, TM2 TM3, and TM4. Determination of Total Phenolic Compound (TPC) was analyzed according to the Folin- Ciocalteau method. The antimicrobial activity test was determined according to the Kirby-Bauer method. Results: The highest TPC ratio was detected in the trademark 2 (TM2), and the lowest TPC ratio was determined in the TM4 samples, 19553.12 GAE mg/L and 740.9 GAE mg/L, respectively. The TPC ratio of the final trial product sample 4 (S4) was defined as 6519.3 GAE mg/L. The highest inhibitation zone against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus strains was observed in S1 (the oleuropein-containing trial product). The highest inhabitation zone against C. albicans and C. krusei yeasts was observed in TM1 and S4 (the oleuropein and boron-containing trial propolis product) samples. Conclusion: The S4 product, containing boron, oleuropein, and propolis, had a higher inhibitation zone diameters compared to the commercial brands. Furthermore, all the propolis products analyzed in this study had rich phenolic components; the curative and beneficial impacts of phenolic components on health merit further investigations.Öğe Doğal Katkılı Aljinat Bazlı Hidrojellerin Akne Kaynaklı Bakterilere Karşı Etkinliğinin İncelenmesi(2024) Demir, Sena; Yıldız Yarış, Nazlı Aysel; Sipahi, Nisa; Yoldaş, Pınar Ağyar; Orkan Uçar, İkrimeHidrojel bazlı cilt koruyucu örtüler yarayı çevreleyerek nemli bir ortam sağlamaları, emici özelliklerinin bulunması ve iyileşme sürecini hızlandırmaları açısından ciltte mevcut bir problemin onarımı ve tedavisi için sıklıkla tercih edilmektedir. Hidrojellerin doğal ürün ekstraktları ile kombinasyonu mevcut biyolojik aktivitelerini arttırıcı özellik taşımakla kalmayıp antimikrobiyal ilaçlara karşı direnç gelişiminin önüne geçmek, tedavinin sürecini kısaltmak ve tedavi masraflarını azaltmak açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada aljinat-agar kompleksi ile elde edilen hidrojellerin, Aloe vera, Plantago lanceolata (damar otu) ve propolis ekstraktları ile kombine edilerek akne tedavisinde etkili olma potansiyelleri in vitro olarak araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda doğal içerikli bu ekstraktların hepsinin test edilen bakteriler üzerinde inhibisyon zonu oluşturduğu, gram negatif bakterilerde en etkili ekstraktın Aloe vera ve %30 etanol içerikli damar otu olduğu, gram pozitif bakterilerde ise Aloe vera jel ekstraktının daha fazla inhibisyon zonu oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ekstrakt içeren tüm hidrojellerin ise bakteri içeren ortamlarda geniş inhibisyon bölgeleri oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Hidrojellerin biyouyumluluğu WST-1 testi ile araştırılmış ve herhangi bir toksisite gözlenmemiştir. Sonuç olarak elde edilen doğal içerikli hidrojellerin akne ve sivilce gibi infeksiyöz cilt problemlerinin tedavisinde etkili birer terapötik ajan olabilecekleri öngörülmektedir.Öğe Düzce’de yetiştirilen Anadolu ırkı manda sütlerinde laktasyon boyunca meydana gelen değişmeler(2023) Sipahi, Nisa; Çelik Doğan, CansuÇiğ sütün içerdiği mikroorganizma çeşitliliği ve bunların direnç profili potansiyel olarak insan sağlığı ve gıda endüstrisi için bir tehlike arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada sağlıklı hayvanlardan elde edilen süt örneklerinin patojen ihtivası yönünden incelenmesi, sütün yaygın kontaminantı Streptococcus spp. prevalansının ve antibiyotik direnç profillerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. 249 süt örneğinden Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Lactococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterecoccus faecalis ve Macrococcus caseolyticus olmak üzere 358 izolat elde edilmiştir. Streptokok prevalansı %24.58 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Streptokok izolatlarının en fazla aminoglikozid sınıfına dirençli olduğu, ardından sırasıyla kinolon, tetrasiklin, makrolid, beta laktam, nitrofuran ve fenikole karşı direnç gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum çiğ süt tüketiminin gıda kaynaklı enfeksiyon için potansiyel bir risk olabileceğini göstermiştir. Bu nedenle tüketicilerin pastörize edilmemiş süt ve süt ürünlerinden kaçınması, çiğ sütlerin antibiyotik direnci yönünden daha fazla izlenmesi ve gerekli önlemlerin alınması gerektiği düşünülmüştür.Öğe DVD-REG® TAKVİYE EDİCİ GIDA ÜRÜNÜNÜN AKUT SUB-AKUT TOKSİSİTESİNİN SIÇANLAR ÜZERİNDE ARAŞTIRILMASI(Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi, 2020) Yaşar, Mustafa; Saraç, Güliz; Sipahi, Nisa; Yoldaş, Pınar Ağyar; Ağan, Kağan; Ağan, Aydan Fülden; Şirin, NeslihanGeleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp alanında tıbbi olarak faydalı olduğu bilinen bitkilerin farklı oranlarda karışım olarak kullanılması oldukça yaygın bir kullanım alanı bulmuştur. İlaç üretimindeki maddi ve zamansal kısıtlamalar, tedavi yerine destekleyici bitkisel bileşenlerin kullanımı açısından önemli bir fayda sağlamaktadır. Bununla birlikte, bu bileşenleri oluştururken, bitkilerin kökeninden aktif maddeye ve kullanılabilecek doz aralığına kadar birçok alanda toksik olmayan dozu belirlemek gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada Remember Regeneration Tedavide (RTM) kullanıldığı bilinen DVD-REG® bitkisel takviyelerinin akut ve subakut toksisite analizleri yapılmıştır. Klinik gözlem bulguları ISO 10993-11:2017 standartlarına göre değerlendirilmiş olup kontrol ve uygulama grupları arasında herhangi bir değişikliğe ratlanılmamıştır. Hematolojik ve biyokimyasal kan parametreleri 0., 1., 7. ve 14. günlerinde değerlendirilmiş kontrol ve uygulama grupları arasında herhangi bir değişiklik tespit edilmemiştir. Histolojik açıdan toksisitenin araştırıldığı karaciğer, kalp, böbrek ve dalak dokularında gruplar arasında patolojik bir bulguya rastlanılmamıştır. Bu çalışma ile Türkiye’de kullanımakta olan gıda takviyesi DVD-REG®’in akut ve subakut etkileri araştırılmış olup elde edilen veriler kronik toksisite testleri için fayda sağlayacaktır.Öğe Effect of My Guard® Food Supplement on Acute and Subacute Toxicity on Rats(Düzce Üniversitesi, 2020) Yaşar, Mustafa; Şenoğul, Oğuzhan; Şirin, Neslihan; Ağan, Aydan Fülden; Sipahi, Nisa; Ağan, KağanObjective: Today, in the field of traditional and complementary medicine, there has been a serious interest in medicinal plants and the treatment methods performed with the use of these plants. The use of natural resources in drug production studies and the promotion of these uses led to the advantage of reaching the drug at a reasonable cost with a rational method. However, these studies should be carried out with objective practices within the framework of scientific ethical rules. Investigating the toxicity dimension in studies related to the subject is also very important for human health to use these products. For this reason, the aim of the study is to determine the toxic symptoms of the My Guard® herbal mixture syrup which is a product used in the remember regeneration therapy method.Material-Method: In the experimental design, there were 4 groups (1 control and 3 application groups). To observe acute and subacute toxicity, clinical observation, the biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters of the animals were evaluated at the end of the application times. Results: According to the results obtained from the study, there were not found significant differences in biochemical, hematological and histopathological evaluations between the control and the application groups. Conclusion: In our study, the toxic effects of My Guard® product in the dose mentioned in acute and subacute periods were not observed.Öğe Etkinlik Temelli Bir Öğretim Modeli: Mikrodünyaya Yolculuk-3 Projesi(2021) Hasırcı, H. Merve Eriş; Dursun, Hacer; Uğraş, Serpil; Sipahi, Nisa; Keçeli, Fatma; Fidan, AyşenurBu çalışmada, katılımcı öğrencilerin, mikroorganizmalar konusunda farkındalık kazanması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, mikroorganizmaların tanımı, mikroorganizmaların fayda ve zararları, zararları durumunda alınması gereken tedbirler ve faydaları durumunda mikrobiyal biyoteknolojik üretim teknikleri konularında teorik ve uygulamalı etkinlik temelli bir öğreti modeli tasarlanmıştır. Çalışma süresince uygulanan bu etkinliklerin, katılımcıların bilimsel düşünme becerilerinin gelişmesine olan etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada katılımcı olarak hem kentsel hem de kırsal kesimden ilköğretim dönemi dördüncü sınıf gönüllü öğrenciler yer almıştır. Çalışma, iki hafta süresince, 13 erkek 17 kız olmak üzere toplam 30 katılımcı ile yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılara etkinliklerin öncesinde ve sonrasında mikroorganizmalarla ilgili mevcut bilgilerini ölçmeye yönelik 38 sorudan oluşan çoktan seçmeli başarı testi uygulanmıştır. Yapılan ölçme ve değerlendirme analiz sonuçlarına göre katılımcıların mikroorganizmalar hakkındaki bilgilerinin istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaştığı görülmüştür. Bu çalışma kapsamında öğrencilerin mikroorganizmalar ile ilgili hazır bulunuşluk düzeyi farklılıklarının, katılımcı okulların yerleşim yerlerinin farklı olmasından kaynaklı olduğu görülmüştür. Yaşanan COVID-19 Pandemi süreci, toplumun mikroorganizmalar konusunda bilinç sahibi olmadığını ve mikroorganizmaların hayatımızda ne denli ciddi sonuçlar doğurabileceğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu bağlamda, pandemi sürecinde yürütülen bu çalışma, toplumdaki bireylerin mikroorganizmalar hakkında doğru bilgiler edinmesine öncülük etmekte ve bu bireylerde farkındalık oluşturmaktadır. Toplum sağlığını tehdit eden durumlarda, yüksek bilinçle hassasiyet gösteren, sürece olumlu katkılar sağlayan bireyleri topluma kazandırması açısından, böylesi çalışmalar büyük önem taşımaktadır.Öğe Farklı Yapıdaki Kumaşlara Antimikrobiyal Apre Uygulaması ve Etkinliklerinin Karşılaştırılması(2022) Zengin, Tuğba; Yenice, Aysun; Sipahi, Nisa; Akbulut, Mehmet EkremHastalıklardan korunmada tekstil ürünlerin büyük rolü bulunmaktadır. Tekstil materyaller günlük hayatın birçok yerinde karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Özellikle son iki yıldır yaşanan covid-19 pandemisi tekstilin önemine daha da dikkat çekmiştir. Bununla birlikte “tekstil bizi salgınlardan koruyabilir mi?” sorusunu da gündeme getirmiştir. Bakterilerle dolu bir çevremiz olması, virüslerin bakterilere tutunarak saçılması ve nozokomiyal hastalıkların son yıllarda artış göstermesi, antimikrobiyal tekstil üretimine gereksinim olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Bu çalışmada farklı yapıdaki kumaşlara gümüş ve kuarterner amonyum tuz (QAS) apre uygulanması ve antimikrobiyal etkinliklerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Kumaşlardan birisi %100 pamuk liflerden diğeri ise %100 poliester liflerden dokunmuştur. Uygulanan antimikrobiyal bitim işlemleri sonrası etkinlikleri AATCC 100 test metoduna göre belirlenmiştir. Kontrol olarak apre uygulanmamış kumaşlar aynı teste tabi tutulmuştur; ancak herhangi bir mikrobiyal inhibisyona rastlanmamıştır. Buna göre tüm gümüş apreli pamuk kumaşlarda etkinin diğerlerine oranla daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek inhibisyon oranı %99,03 ±0,49 olarak gümüş apreli pamuk kumaşta tespit edilmiştir. En düşük inhibisyon oranı ise QAS apreli poliester kumaşta %59,43 ±1,87 olarak bulunmuştur. Ayrıca kumaşların gram pozitif bakterilere karşı daha etkin olduğu görülmüştür. Aynı zamanda uygulanan apre işleminin kumaşlarda renk değişimi, pilling (boncuklanma) ve hidrofiliteye neden olup olmadığı da test edilmiş ve herhangi bir etki olmadığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada farklı yapıdaki kumaşlara uygulanan antimikrobiyal bitim işlemlerinin yüksek etkinlik gösterdiği görülmüştür. Çeşitli enfeksiyon hastalıklarındaki eradikasyon çalışmalarında, günümüz pandemisi ve hastane enfeksiyonları ile mücadelede antimikrobiyal tekstil sektörünün oldukça büyük bir yere sahip olduğu ve geliştirilmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir.Öğe İlköğretim Öğrencilerinde Proje Tabanlı Mikroskobik Canlı Bilincinin Oluşturulması(2017) Uğraş, Serpil; Keskin, Hasan Kağan; Sipahi, Nisa; Dursun, HacerBu çalışmada, günlük yaşamın bir parçası olan mikroorganizmalar hakkında genelbilgilerin verilmesi ve özellikle zararlı mikroorganizmalara karşı doğru antibiyotikkullanımının öğretilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Çalışma, hem kırsal hem de kentselkesimden 5. Sınıfta öğrenim gören, 20’si erkek, 18’i kız olmak üzere toplam 38öğrenci ile yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılara, uygulamalar öncesinde ve sonrasındamikroorganizmalarla ilgili mevcut bilgilerini belirlemek amacıyla, 38 sorudan oluşanbaşarı testleri uygulanmıştır. Başarı testi sonucunda elde edilen veriler normaldağılıma sahip olmadığından, farklı gruplara ait verilere Mann Whitney U testi, aynıgruba ait verilere ise Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar Testi uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarınagöre katılımcıların mikroorganizmalar hakkındaki öğrenme çıktıları istatistikselolarak anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaşmıştır. Araştırmada yerleşim yeri değişkenine aitbetimleyici istatistikler sonucunda ise okulun bulunduğu yerleşim yerinin kırsal veyakentsel olmasının öğrencinin mikroorganizmalar konusuna ait hazırbulunuşluk düzeyive öğrenme çıktılarının üzerinde belirleyici bir etkisinin olduğu görülmüştür. Buçalışma sayesinde yapılan etkinliklerle kavramlar öğretilirken aynı zamandakatılımcıların bilime bakış açılarında önemli ölçüde ilerlemeler kaydedilmiştir. Buçalışma konu itibarı ile geleceğimiz ve sağlığımız için son derece önemli bir eğitiminparçası olma niteliğindedir.Öğe In Vitro Effect of Some Essential Oils against Multiple Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria from Cats and Dogs(Univ Agriculture, Fac Veterinary Science, 2022) Sipahi, Nisa; Kekeç, Ayşe İlgin; Halac, BansMultidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria are creating a serious challenge to treat diseases. The present study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of four different essential oils (Melissa officinalis L., Nigella sativa L., Laurus nobilis L., and Origanum onites L.) against MDR bacteria from cats and dogs. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), two different multi -drug resistant S. aureus (MDR SA1 and MDR SA2), and Escherichia coli (ESBL E. coli) that contained extended-spectrum beta-lactamases strains were used in the study. Effectiveness of these oils against MDR bacteria was determined through minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) test, minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) test and antibiofilm assay. Results the inhibitory effect of essential oils determined activity as oregano>melissa>laurel=nigella. Therefore, the most susceptible isolate to essential oils was MRSA. The results also showed significant antibiofilm activity of melissa and oregano against MDR bacteria. In conclusion, the current study declares essential oils from medicinal plants are effective natural products for resistant pathogen bacteria.Öğe Investigation and Characterization of Novel Biologically Active Secondary Metabolites from Melissa officinalis L.(Springer, 2024) Rasgele, Pinar Goc; Yoldas, Pinar Agyar; Sipahi, Nisa; Ucan, HilalPlants have very important chemical components, known as secondary metabolites, for the pharmaceutical industry, as well as for the chemical, cosmetics, and agricultural control industries. These secondary metabolites isolated from essential oils are used to obtain the raw material or fragrance component of the drug by semi-synthesis. For this reason, plants have been used to treat many diseases in the past, and their active ingredients are still used in medicine today. Each plant, each drug, contains differences owing to their natural structure. However, making the drug obtained from a plant a standard product is important in terms of using it as a medicine in treatment. Therefore, in our study, both the characterization of secondary metabolites and the antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative potential of Melissa officinalis were investigated. beta-Citral (30.900%) was the main component of the essential oil. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of M. officinalis were found to be 923.33 mu g/mL gallic acid equivalent and 1.650 mu g/mL quercetin equivalent. The free radical scavenging percentage of M. officinalis was 42.17%. M. officinalis had antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida parapsilosis. In mouse fibroblast cells, the cell viability was found to be 87.50%, 88.235%, and 94.118% respectively, at low doses. In a human breast cancer cell line, it was observed that the cell viability at low concentrations was 77.861%, 85.40%, and 89.474% respectively. The inhibitory concentrations IC50 of M. officinalis calculated for mouse fibroblast and human breast cancer cells in the GraphPad Prism 9.1.1 program were found to be 6229 and 4417 mu g/mL respectively. In conclusion, M. officinalis has high bioactive secondary metabolites such as beta-citral, beta-caryophyllene, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, and cis-1,2-dihydroperillaldehyde, has strong antimicrobial activity, and inhibits viability on breast cancer cells.Öğe Investigation of Antagonistic Effect of Probiotic Food Supplement against Different Strains of Bacteria(Düzce Üniversitesi, 2021) Sipahi, NisaObjective: Probiotics are an important part of the microbiota associated with many diseases. The production of food and food supplements containing probiotic products has increased considerably in recent years, due to their protective effect on health and antagonistic effect against some pathogenic microorganisms. However, it is unknown whether the content of these products has the expected effect. In this study was aimed to investigate the antagonistic effect of Probiotics Prebiotics® commercial product. Material-Method: The probiotic food supplement was obtained from Aym-Net®. Antagonistic effect of the product on 10 different test bacteria was investigated by the agar spot assay method. Also lyophilized probiotics were cultured in MRS broth medium and centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 25 minutes in order to obtain metabolites that the probiotic microorganisms provide their effectiveness. Effect of probiotic supernatant on test bacteria were determined to disk diffusion test by CLSI. Each test bacteria combined with the probiotic product incubated at 37?C for 24 hours to determine the bacterial inhibition rate of product which analyzed using the Mann Whitney U test.Results: Probiotic product inhibited growth of L. monocytogenes by (86 %), Y. pseudotuberculosis (82%), S. aureus (76%), E. coli (74%), S. Typhimurium (73%), P. aeruginosa (69%) and S. epidermidis (67%) respectively. The lowest antagonistic effect was detected against E. faecalis 44%. While probiotic product provided significant growth inhibition on 8 strains (p0.05).Conclusion: It was concluded that antagonistic effect of probiotic food supplement on test bacteria. Therefore it may be beneficial to use in bacterial infections.Öğe Investigation of nasal colonization by coagulase-positive staphylococci and methicillin resistance in dogs(Polish Soc Veterinary Sciences Editorial Office, 2022) Coşkun, Tuğçe; Kekeç, Ayşe İlgin; Sipahi, Nisa; İkiz, SerkanThis study aimed to determine the presence, rate, and species distribution of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) in nasal swab samples from dogs and to investigate phenotypic and genotypic methicillin resistance. To this end, 21 (10.5%) CPS, including 7 (33.3%) S. aureus and 14 (66.6%) S. intermedius group (SIG), were isolated from nasal swab samples from 200 dogs. A total of 14 SIG members (100%) were also identified as S. pseudintermedius by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR). Phenotypic methicillin resistance was observed in 16 (76.19%) of the 21 CPS isolated from 200 dogs from 8 different clinics and shelters. To detect genotypic methicillin resistance, the presence of the mecA and mecC genes, responsible for methicillin resistance, was detected by the multiplex polymerase chain reaction method. The mecA gene was found in 8 (38.09%) of the 21 isolates. The mecC gene was not detected in any of the samples, including isolates showing phenotypic methicillin resistance. It was found that neither the presence of CPS nor the presence of the mecA gene was statistically correlated with age, sex, or antibiotic use in the previous year (p > 0.05). Furthermore, CPS and mecA-positive isolates were evaluated according to whether they were obtained from shelters or clinics. It was concluded that the source of the isolates was not important for our study (p > 0.05). Our findings suggest that phenotypic resistance detected in epidemiological studies should be confirmed by molecular methods. At the same time, the fact that mecC gene-positive staphylococcal isolates were not detected in our study is promising for Turkey.Öğe Investigation of nasal colonization by coagulase-positivo staphylococci and methicillin resistance in dogs(Polskie Towarzystwo Nauk Weterynaryjnych, 2022) Cosgun, Tuğçe; Kekeç, Ayşe İlgin; Sipahi, Nisa; İkiz, SerkanThis study aimed to determine the presence, rate, and species distribution of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) in nasal swab samples from dogs and to investigate phenotypic and genotypic methicillin resistance. To this end, 21 (10.5%) CPS, including 7 (33.3%) S. aureus and 14 (66.6%) S. intermedius group (SIG), were isolated from nasal swab samples from 200 dogs. A total of 14 S I G members (100%) were also identified as S. pseudintermedius by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR). Phenotypic methicillin resistance was observed in 16 (76.19%) of the 21 CPS isolated from 200 dogs from 8 different clinics and shelters. To detect genotypic methicillin resistance, the presence of the mecA and mecCgenes, responsible for methicillin resistance, was detected by the multiplex polymerase chain reaction method. The mecA gene was found in 8 (38.09%) of the 21 isolates. The mecC gene was not detected in any of the samples, including isolates showing phenotypic methicillin resistance. It was found that neither the presence of CPS nor the presence of the mecA gene was statistically correlated with age, sex, or antibiotic use in the previous year (p > 0.05). Furthermore, CPS and /???/í-positive isolates were evaluated according to whether they were obtained from shelters or clinics. It was concluded that the source of the isolates was not important for our study (p > 0.05). Our findings suggest that phenotypic resistance detected in epidemiological studies should be confirmed by molecular methods. At the same time, the fact that mecCgene-positive staphylococcal isolates were not detected in our study is promising for Turkey. © 2022 Polskie Towarzystwo Nauk Weterynaryjnych. All rights reserved.Öğe Investigation of the Acute Subacute Toxicity of KL21® Supplementary Food Product in Rats(2022) Gök, Ali; Yasar, Mustafa; Saraç, Güliz; Sipahi, Nisa; Ağan, Aydan FüldenObjective: KL21®; It is a food supplement using remember regeneration therapy method (RTM). KL21®. Whereas products that containing combined medicinal plants are expected to be beneficial for health, on the other hand, their toxic properties are able to potentially increase due to the interactions of the active ingredients in the plants. With this study, it was aimed to investigate the toxic effect of KL21®. Material-Method: In the study conducted with control (n: 8), acute (n: 8), subacute (n: 8) and post-subacute (n: 8) groups; the daily dose of the product was tested by gavage in 8-week-old female Wistar rats. Biochemical parameters P, Ca, ALB, TG, TP, TC, Creatinine, Bilirubin, GGT, ALP, AST and ALT were analyzed. In hematological parameters; WBC, RBC, PLT, HCT, HGB were examined. Liver, lung, spleen, kidney and heart tissues were investigated histopathologicaly. Clinical observation was made throughout the entire process. Results: When the acute, subacute and post-subacute groups were compared to control, it was observed that there was no significant difference in biochemical, hematological, histopathological terms. No toxicity-related side effects were found in clinical observations. Conclusion: The potential toxic effect of daily use dose of KL21® containing the combined medicinal plant was investigated in vivo. According to the hemogram, biochemistry and pathology tests, it was determined that it does not show acute and subacute toxicity.Öğe Medicinal Plants Meeting with Mud: Phyto-Peloid(Düzce Üniversitesi, 2020) Nacakoğlu, İlgaz; Sipahi, Nisa; Aydın, Meryem; Kaya, ErtuğrulFor thousands of years, human beings have used various healing waters, plants, and muds from nature for health and beauty purposes. Nature and return to natural which we observe too often in the world today, has also increased the use of natural products. The use of certain muds for medical purposes is called peloidotherapy.These subterranean and marine originated materials, which we named as mud, formed by various organic and inorganic substances in geological layers for thousands of years. Today, they are used for health and cosmetic purposes following the characteristics of organic and inorganic substances in their content, which vary according to their geography.Studies show that; in the cures performed with the addition of peloidotherapy, the number of inflamed joints and the number of painful joints and pain severity decreased significantly (p lt;0.001), joint function and quality of life significantly increased (p lt;0.05), and symptoms of rash and itching (p lt;0.05) decreased as.As a new approach today; the use of muds obtained by combining medicinal plants widely used in the world for medical and cosmetic purposes is called phyto-peloid treatment. Considering the widespread and various medical mud resources and medicinal plant resources of our country, it is possible to be in the leading position in this regard.The purpose of our research is to make difference about this value existing in our country, to make determinations and offer solutions on the existing applications and deficiencies in the mud existence and usage areas of our country, by taking into consideration the studies and applications made in the world.Öğe Phenotypic and genotypic investigation of the heavy metal resistance in Escherichia coli isolates recovered from cattle stool samples(2019) Sipahi, Nisa; Karakaya, Emre; İkiz, SerkanThe purpose of this study was to examine resistance against cadmium (Cd+2), copper (Cu+2), lead (Pb+2), mercury (Hg+2), andmanganese (Mn+2) in Escherichia coli isolates recovered from cattle stool using phenotypic (agar dilution) and genotypic [polymerasechain reaction (PCR)] methods. In addition, the isolates were genotyped via enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerasechain reaction (ERIC-PCR). Escherichia coli was isolated and identified from the 100 stool samples that were examined in the study. Itwas determined phenotypically that all isolates were sensitive to mercury; 97% of them showed resistance to cadmium; 69% showedresistance to copper; 24% showed resistance to lead; and 20% showed resistance to manganese. In the isolates found resistant by phenotypicmethod, the presence of the zntA gene provided common resistance for Cd+2 and Pb+2; pcoR gene provided resistance for Cu+2; andmntR gene for Mn+2 in both genomic DNA and plasmid DNA. Since all isolates were sensitive to Hg+2, the presence of merA gene wasnot examined. While the target genes that were examined for lead, cadmium, and manganese were detected in all isolates, the pcoR genefor copper was detected in 53.6% of the phenotypic-resistant isolates. As a result of the statistical analysis, it was determined that thephenotypic resistance rates of the isolates did not vary according to age group, county, or city at a significant level (P > 0.05). The highmetal resistance detected in the present study led us to conclude that heavy metal contamination around cattle farms may be common.Metals are used as an additive substance in animal husbandry. Using the correct fertilizer to minimize contamination sources or limitingthe use of materials that contain metals may be useful, and new legal rules may be required.Öğe Polietilen tereftalat (PET) kumaştan elde edilen tıbbı maskenin bakteri filtrasyon verimliliğinin araştırılması(Osman SAĞDIÇ, 2022) Sipahi, Nisa; Öztoprak, MetehanCovid-19 pandemi dönemi tıbbi maskelerin önemine dikkat çekmiştir. Araştırmalar, üretilen maskelerin herhangi bir kumaştan olmaması, belirli özelliklerinin olması gerektiğini göstermektedir. Ancak kontrolsüz olarak üretilen kalitesiz maskeler piyasada önemli bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Virüslerin çevredeki bakteri ve su damlacıklarına tutunarak yayıldığı fikri, maskelerin temel filtreleme etkinliğinin belirli bir düzeyde olması gerektiğini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu çalışma da polietilen tereftalattan (PET) kumaştan maske üretilmesi ve filtrasyon etkinliğinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Geliştirilen PET kumaştan ve yaygın olarak kullanılan yüksek filtrasyon verimliliği olduğu bilinen Meltblown (MB) kumaştan maskeler üretilmiş ve filtrasyon verimlilikleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Maskelerin filtrasyon verimliliğini ölçmek için laboratuvar ortamında EN 14683 BFE test standardı prosedürleri uygulanmıştır. MB/3 katmanlı maskenin mikroorganizmaları %99,7 (SD±0.2) filtreleme kapasitesine sahip olduğu ve geliştirilen PET yapısındaki 3 katmanlı ART/Maske'nin mikroorganizmaları %96,8(SD±2.7) oranında filtreleyebildiği tespit edilmiştir. Her bir mikroorganizma için tespit edilen maskelerin filtrasyon verimlilikleri ayrı ayrı karşılaştırıldığında, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmemiştir. (p>0,05). Test edilen maskenin meltblown kumaştan üretilen maskeyle benzer oranda yüksek mikrobiyal filtrasyona sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu durum hasta bireylerden bakterilere bağlanarak yayılan virüslerin çevreye bulaş oranını azaltacağını düşündürmektedir. Ayrıca PET'ten üretilen maskelerin hastane enfeksiyonlarına karşı koruyucu etkisi olabileceği öngörülmektedir.
