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Öğe Analysis of anthropometric measurements taken from the periocular region in healthy young individuals with different somatotypes(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2024) Karaketir, Sidika; Sencan, Demet; Colakoglu, Serdar; Senol, DenizPurpose:Anthropometric parameters related with the periocular region (PR) have gained great importance with the optical technology used in the treatment of eye defects. They have also become important parameters that determine the limits of treatment in aesthetic surgery procedures in PR and the treatment of orbital diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of PR measurements with somatotype. Methods:Somatotypes were determined by using the Heath-Carter method. Ten indirect anthropometric measurements, namely nasal root (mf-mf), outer chantal distance (ex-ex), inner chantal distance (en-en), interpupillary distance (p-p), right and left palpebral fissure width (ex-en), palpebral fissure height (ps-pi), and orbital height (os-oi), were taken from PR with Image J program. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare data with each other. Post-hoc Mann-Whitney U test was used to find out which group caused statistically significant differences according to the results of the Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results:A statistically significant difference was found between some indirect anthropometric measurements taken from PR and somatotypes (P < 0,05). This difference was found to result from central group somatotype, in which no somatotype component has different effects from another one, for both genders. In almost all of the indirect anthropometric measurements, it was found that balanced ectomorph somatotypes reached the highest median values, while central group somatotypes had the lowest median values. Conclusion:As a result of this study, somatotype affects the appearance of PR. It will be possible to obtain more accurate and reliable results in aesthetic surgery interventions and identification studies. Our study is the first and a pioneer in its field in the literature. It will inspire and guide future researchers, surgeons, anthropologists, and forensic doctors who will work in this field.Öğe Analysis of Body Composition and Dynamic and Static Balance in Individuals Previously Infected with COVID-19(Galenos Publ House, 2023) Bodur, Furkan; Senol, Deniz; Sencan, Demet; Ozer, Cenk MuratObjective: This study examines body composition and the parameters of dynamic and statistic balance in individuals previously infected with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and to compare these individuals with the control group. Methods: A total of 112 volunteering individuals, 56 individuals previously diagnosed with COVID-19 via polymerase chain reaction test (COVID-19 group), and 56 healthy individuals (control group), between the ages of 18 and 26 participated in the study. Sociodemographic characteristics of the individuals in both groups and their COVID-19 related information were recorded. While Tanita BC 418 (Tokyo, Japan, 2015) operating with bioelectrical impedance was used for body composition measurement, the flamingo balance test and Y balance test were used respectively for static and dynamic balance measurements. Results: Because of the statistical analysis conducted, it was found that the COVID-19 group had a statistically significant lower balance level than the control group according to the Y balance test anterior, posterolateral, posteromedial, total reach values and flamingo balance test values in terms of balance performance (p<0.05). Conclusion: Because of the study, no significant difference was found in the body composition of individuals aged 18-26 previously infected with COVID-19 compared with healthy individuals of the same age. In terms of static and dynamic balance parameters, it was found that those who were previously infected with COVID-19 were more negatively affected than the control group. We think that determining these balance disorders seen after the COVID-19 infection will be a guide in planning rehabilitation programs for actual needs.Öğe Analysis of somatotype on liver, spleen and kidney morphology in healthy children: an ultrasonographic anatomy study(Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2025) Ulubaba, Hilal Er; Ciftci, Rukiye; Senol, Deniz; Toy, Seyma; Berk, Erhan; Uzun, Muhammet BoraPurpose: Somatotype is a quantitative expression of an individual's current morphological configuration and consists of three classifications: mesomorphy, endomorphy and ectomorphy. This study aimed to examine the relationship between somatotype and liver, spleen, and kidney morphometry in healthy children utilizing ultrasonographic (USG) methods. Materials and Methods: One hundred healthy children between the ages of 7 and 10 participated in the study. The sizes of liver, spleen and kidney were measured using USG. The children's somatotypes were determined according to the Heath-Carter method by taking 10 anthropometric measurements. Results: As a result of the measurements, it was determined that the highest value of liver length was 11.9 cm (9.9-13.6) in Mesomorph Endomorph somatotype and the smallest value was 10.9 (9-12.3) in central somatotype. The highest value of right kidney vertical length was 32 mm (25-45) in Mesomorph Endomorph somatotype and the lowest value was 29 mm (25-34) in central somatotype. According to the results of the Kruskall Wallis H test analysis, there was a statistically significant difference between liver length and right kidney vertical length measurements and somatotypes (p<0.05). Post-hoc analysis indicated that this difference was due to the central and mesomorph-endomorph somatotypes. Conclusion: In conclusion, we believe that our results should be taken into consideration for clinical diagnoses. Additionally, we suggest that taking our measurement results into consideration in abdominal ultrasound scans is necessary for an accurate evaluation. We think that clinicians evaluating the pathologies of diseases related to the organs we measured should not forget the size changes according to the somatotype results.Öğe Analysis of the effects of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in menstrual cycle on ankle proprioception, dynamic balance scores and visual-auditory reaction times in healthy young women(Jmni, 2021) Senol, Deniz; Ucar, Cihat; Toy, Seyma; Kisaoglu, Aysegul; Ozbag, Davut; Ersoy, Yuksel; Yildiz, SedatObjectives: Menstrual cycle (MC) can affect not only the female reproductive system, but also functions such as neuromuscular performance. For this reason. the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) activity in MC on proprioception, balance and reaction times. Methods: For cortisol analysis, saliva samples were taken from the same women (n=43) in the four phases of MC. While State Trait Anxiety Inventory-I (STAI-I) was applied in each phase to support cortisol analysis, pain was measured with visual analogue scale (VAS). Proprioception, dynamic balance, visual and auditory reaction times (VRT-ART) measurements were made in the four phases of MC. Results: Cortisol, STAI-I and VAS scores, angular deviations in proprioception measurements, dynamic balance scores, VRT and ART measurements were found to show statistically significant difference between MC phases (p<0.05). As a result of the post hoc test conducted to find out which MC phase the statistical difference resulted from, it was found that statistically significant difference was caused by the mensturation (M) phase (p<0.05). Conclusions: It was found that neuromuscular performance and postural control was negatively affected by HPA axis activity in M phase of MC and by pain, which is a significant menstrual symptom.Öğe Analysis of the effects of total pneumatized turbinate volume on septum deviation, maxillary sinus volume, and maxillopalatal parameters: A multidetector computerized tomography study(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Senol, Deniz; Oner, Serkan; Secgin, Yusuf; Oner, Zulal; Toy, SeymaIntroduction: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of pneumatized turbinate volume (PTV) on nasal septum deviation (NSD), maxillary sinus volume (MSV), and maxillopalatal parameters with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Material and Methods: MDCT images of a total of 73 patients (35 females and 38 males) between the ages of 25 and 58 years were used in the study. PTV, MSV, and NSD angle and direction and interalveolar distance (IAD), maxillary spin distance (MSD), and maxillopalatal angle (MPA) measurements were made on images brought to the orthogonal plane in 3 plans. Results: Turbinate pneumatization (superior, middle, or inferior) was found in a total of 55 (75.3%) patients (28 females and 27 males). The number of patients with turbinate pneumatization on the right side was 14 (19.2%), while the number of patients with turbinate pneumatization on the left side was 15 (20.5%) and the number of bilateral pneumatization was 26 (35.6%). While no significant association was found between the presence of turbinate pneumatization and septal deviation angle, MSV, MPA, IAD, and MSD measurements, a significant difference was found between the groups in terms of PTV (P < 0.05). No significant association was found between NSD direction and all parameters. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, we conducted with MDCT images, in addition to the highest incidence in turbinate pneumatization with 75.3%; it was found that PTV did not have an effect on NSD amount, MSV, and maxillopalatal parameters. Men were found to have higher NSD angle, higher maxillary sinus aeration, and larger IAD when compared with women.Öğe Can Typical Cervical Vertebrae Be Distinguished from One Another by Using Machine Learning Algorithms? Radioanatomic New Markers(Duzce Univ, Fac Medicine, 2023) Senol, Deniz; Secgin, Yusuf; Toy, Seyma; Oner, Serkan; Oner, ZulalObjective: The aim of this study is to distinguish the typical cervical vertebrae that cannot be separated from one another with the naked eye by using machine algorithms (ML) with measurements made on computerized tomography (CT) images and to show the differences of these vertebrae.Methods: This study was conducted by examining the 536 typical cervical vertebrae CT images of 134 (between the ages of 20 and 55) individuals. Measurements of cervical vertebrae were made on coronal, axial and sagittal section. 6 different combinations (Group 1: C3 - C4, Group 2: C3 - C5, Group 3: C3 - C6, Group 4: C4 - C5, Group 5: C4 - C6, Group 6: C5 - C6) were formed with parameters of each vertebrae and they were analyzed in ML algorithms. Accuracy (Acc), Matthews correlation coefficient (Mcc), Specificity (Spe), Sensitivity (Sen) values were obtained as a result of the analysis.Results: As a result of this study, the highest success was obtained with Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Logistic Regression (LR) algorithms. The highest Acc rate was found as 0.94 with LDA and LR algorithm in Groups 3 and Group 4, the highest Spe value was found as 0.95 with LDA and LR algorithm in Group 5, the highest Mcc value was found as 0.90 with LDA and LR algorithm in Group 5 and the highest Sen value was found as 0.94 with LDA and LR algorithm in Groups 3 and 5. Conclusions: As a conclusion, it was found that typical cervical vertebrae can be distinguished from each other with high accuracy by using ML algorithms.Öğe Comparison of the Effects of the Somatotype on the Physical Activity, Kinesiophobia, and Fatigue Levels of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Patients and Healthy Individuals(Iranian Scientific Society Medical Entomology, 2021) Toy, Seyma; Ciftci, Rukiye; Senol, Deniz; Kizilay, Fatma; Ermis, HilalBackground: We aimed to compare the physical activity, kinesiophobia, and fatigue levels of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients and healthy individuals in terms their somatotypes. Methods: A total of 165 individuals were enrolled referred to the Department of Chest Diseases Sleep Disorders Center Outpatient Clinic of Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey in 2018. The somatotype analysis was conducted using the Heath- Carter method, the fatigue level was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) fatigue scale, the kinesiophobia level was assessed using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), and the physical activity level was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results: The results of the somatotype analysis revealed 3 different somatotypes in the healthy individuals and the OSAS patients' mesomorph endomorph, endomorphic mesomorph, and mesomorphic endomorph. When comparing the somatotypes of the healthy individuals and the OSAS patients, statistically significant differences were found in the FACIT scores of the mesomorph endomorphs, the IPAQ and FACIT scores of the endomorphic mesomorphs, and the TSK and FACIT scores of the mesomorphic endomorphs (P<0.05). Conclusion: In all three somatotypes of the OSAS patients, the fatigue index scores were higher when compared to those of the healthy individuals. Moreover, when compared with the healthy individuals, the physical activity levels of the endomorphic mesomorphs with OSAS were low, while the kinesiophobia scores of the mesomorphic endomorphs with OSAS were high. Based on the results of this study, in OSAS patients, the endomorphic mesomorph somatotype could be a risk factor for reduced physical activity, while the mesomorphic endomorph somatotype could be a risk factor for increased kinesiophobia.Öğe Evaluation of early thyroidectomy complications(Bayrakol Medical Publisher, 2022) Karatas, Turgay; Selcuk, Engin Burak; Karatas, Mehmet; Yildirim, Atilla; Ozbag, Davut; Cay, Mahmut; Senol, DenizAim: Our aim in this study is to reveal the relationships between patient findings, surgical methods and early thyroidectomy complications. Material and Methods: The files and operative notes of 308 patients who underwent thyroidectomy within 10 years were reviewed retrospectively. Gender, age, preoperative diagnosis, primary or reoperated cases, the type of thyroidectomy [ bilateral subtotal (BST), bilateral total (BTT), unilateral subtotal (UST) and unilateral total (UTT)] and early postoperative complications (hypocalcemia, bleeding, nervus laryngeus recurrens (NLR) injury, infection and seroma) were recorded. The peculiarity of this study is that NLR neuromonitoring was not used in thyroidectomy operations. Results: Of the 308 patients who underwent thyroidectomy, 287 were females and 21 were males. Two hundred eighty three cases of multinodular goiter, 18 cases of nodular goiter and 7 thyroid cancers were operated; 180 BTT, 100 BST, 17 UTT + UST, 7 UST and 4 UTT were applied. Complications were seen in a total of 20 (6.49%) patients who underwent 19 BTT and 1 BST. The only complication in BST was bleeding. There were 10 (3.24%) hypocalcemia, 4 (1.29%) bleeding, 2 (0.649%) NLR injury, 2 (0.649%) infections and 2 (0.649%) seromas. In terms of the frequency of early thyroidectomy complications, hypocalcemia was the first (P=0.0047). In addition, the rates of hypocalcemia and NLR injury were higher in reoperated patients than in primary patients (P<0.05). Discussion: The most common complication was hypocalcemia. NLR injury and hypocalcemia rates were higher in reoperated cases who underwent BTT.Öğe Evaluation of Willis Polygon Morphometry with Cranial Tomographic Angiography(Turkish Neurosurgical Soc, 2023) Ciftci, Rukiye; Cetin, Aymelek; Ulubaba, Hilal Er; Senol, Deniz; Cinarli, Fahri Safa; Ozbag, DavutAIM: To examine the morphometric properties of the vessels forming the Willis polygon (WP) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension (HT) and compare them with healthy individuals.MATERIAL and METHODS: Cranial Tomography Angiography (CTA) of 168 individuals were analyzed retrospectively. The individuals included in the study were divided into four groups according to the diagnosis. Group 1 included 40 individuals who were diagnosed with HT, Group 2 included 43 individuals who were diagnosed with DM, Group 3 included 42 individuals who were diagnosed with DM and HT, and Group 4 was the control group and included 43 individuals. The diameter and length measurements of the vesselsRESULTS: According to the results of the Kruskal Wallis H test, in female patients statistically significant differences were detected in the diameter measurements of the right and left A1 segment of the ACA, the diameter measurement of the left A2 segment, the diameter measurements of the right and left P1 and P2 segments of the ACP, the diameter measurements of the right and left AComP. (p<0.05), in male patients statistically significant differences were found in the diameter of the right A1 segment of the ACA, the diameter and segment length measurements of the right and left P1 segments of the ACP, of the right and left P2 diameter measurements, and segment length measurements of the left AComP (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: We also found that the vessel diameters were similar in the HT, DM and HT+DM groups, and smaller than the control group. In addition, we think that knowing WP morphometric measurements will both guide the radio-anatomical evaluations to be made and increase the level of microanatomical knowledge in surgical treatment.Öğe Gender Classification Using Parameters Obtained from the Dens Axis with Machine Learning Algorithms and Multilayer Perceptron Classifier(Dubai Iranian Hosp, 2025) Harmandaoglu, Oguzhan; Secgin, Yusuf; Kaya, Seren; Ozturk, Oguzhan; Senol, Deniz; Onbas, OmerBackground and Objectives: Due to the difficulties associated with the separation, damage, cremation, and commingling of skeletal remains, it is of great importance in forensic medicine to assess the accuracy and reliability of sex estimates derived from different skeletal components. For this purpose, this study aimed to classify gender using machine learning (ML) algorithms and a multilayer perceptron classifier (MLPC) based on morphometric data of the dens axis obtained from computed tomography (CT) images. Methods: Retrospectively, measurements were taken from CT images of 300 male and 300 female individuals aged between 18-65 years, including dens axis height (DAH), anteroposterior (APDDA) and anterosuperior lengths (ASDDA), dens axis angle (DAA), clivodental angle (CDA), and Boogard angle (BOO). Machine learning models such as Extra Tree Classifier (ETC), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GaussianNB), k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA), and Logistic Regression (LR) were used. MLPC was chosen as artificial neural networks (ANN) model. Results: Significant differences were found between genders in all dens axis parameters except BOO (p<0.05). The highest accuracy rate in ML algorithm modeling was found to be 0.80 with LDA, RF, k-NN algorithms, and MLPC. The parameter with the highest impact on gender classification was the dens axis anterosuperior length. Conclusion: It was found that the parameters obtained from the dens axis using MLCP and ML algorithms have sufficient accuracy rates the classification of sex. It was concluded that in forensic medicine, in cases of deterioration, loss, and deficiencies in bone sources for biological identity determination, the morphometric features of the dens axis can be considered for gender prediction.Öğe Gender Prediction Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Measurements from Foramen Incisivum: Application of Machine Learning Algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2024) Senol, Deniz; Secgin, Yusuf; Harmandaoglu, Oguzhan; Kaya, Seren; Duman, Suayip Burak; Oner, ZuelalIntroduction: This study aims to predict gender using parameters obtained from images of the foramen (for.) incisivum through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and employing machine learning (ML) algorithms and artificial neural networks (ANN).Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 162 individuals in total. Precise measurements were meticulously extracted, extending from the foramen incisivum to the arcus alveolaris maxillaris, through employment of CBCT. The ML and ANN models were meticulously devised, allocating 20% for rigorous testing and 80% for comprehensive training.Results: All parameters that are evaluated, except for the angle between foramen palatinum majus and foramen incisivum-spina nasalis posterior (GPFIFPNS-A), exhibited a significant gender difference. ANN and among the ML algorithms, logistic regression (LR), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and random rorest (RF) demonstrated the highest accuracy (Acc) rate of 0.82. The Acc rates for other algorithms ranged from 0.76 to 0.79. In the models with the highest Acc rates, 14 out of 17 male individuals and 13 out of 16 female individuals in the test set were correctly predicted.Conclusion: LR, LDA, RF, and ANN yielded high gender prediction rates for the measured parameters, while decision tree, extra tree classifier, Gaussian Naive Bayes, quadratic discriminant analysis, and K-nearest neighbors algorithm methods provided lower predictions. We believe that the evaluation of measurements extending from foramen incisivum to arcus alveolaris maxillaris through CBCT scanning proves to be a valuable method in gender prediction.Öğe Morphometric examination of the hepatobiliary duct system in healthy individuals and patients with cholelithiasis: A radio-anatomic magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography study(Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2023) Toy, Seyma; Senol, Deniz; Ciftci, Rukiye; Sevgi, Serkan; Secgin, Yusuf; Yildirim, Ismail OkanPurpose: Cholelithiasis is a common gallbladder disease with high morbidity and treatment cost. Although the disease has many formation factors such as bile duct obstruction, congenital anomalies, genetic and metabolic diseases, the main cause is gallstones. The aim of this study is to examine the radio-anatomic and demographic characteristics of the bile ducts of patients who have cholelithiasis due to gallstones by using magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and to compare with healthy individuals.Materials and Methods: The study was carried out by retrospectively scanning the MRCP images of 113 patients diagnosed with cholelithiasis and 87 healthy individuals who were referred to the hospital for various indications and had no gallbladder pathology. Results: According to the Spearman rho correlation test performed by ignoring gender, a significant correlation was found between right hepatic duct diameter (RHD-D) and right hepatic duct - cystic duct angle (RHDCD-A), and between left hepatic duct diameter (LHD-D) and common bile duct diameter (CBD-D). In the correlation analysis performed only among males, a significant correlation was found between RHDCD-A and right hepatic duct - left hepatic duct angle (RLHD-A), RHDCD-A and common hepatic duct diameter (CHD-D) parameters. In the correlation analysis performed only among women, a significant relationship was found between age and RHD-D, LHD-D, CHD-D, CBD-D, between RHDCD-A and cystic duct - gallbladder angle (CDG-A), RHD-D, and between CHD-D and cystic duct diameter (CD-D).Conclusion: This study will contribute to literature by revealing the morphometric characteristics and radio -anatomic information of the hepatobiliary systems of both patients with cholelithiasis and healthy individuals.Öğe Sex and age estimation with machine learning algorithms with parameters obtained from cone beam computed tomography images of maxillary first molar and canine teeth(Int Assoc Law & Forensic Sciences, 2023) Senol, Deniz; Secgin, Yusuf; Duman, Burak Suayip; Toy, Seyma; Oner, ZulalBackgroundThe aim of this study is to obtain a highly accurate and objective sex and age estimation by using the parameters of maxillary molar and canine teeth obtained from cone beam computed tomography images in the input of machine learning algorithms. Cone beam computed tomography images of 240 people aged between 25 and 54 were randomly selected from the archive systems of the hospital and transferred to Horos Medikal. 3D curved multiplanar reconstruction was applied to these images and a 3D image was obtained. The resulting image was brought to the orthogonal plane and the measurements were made by superimposing them.ResultsThe results were grouped in four different age groups (25-30, 31-36, 37-49, 50-54) and recorded. As a result of our study, the highest accuracy rate was found as 0.81 in sex estimation with ADA Boost Classifier algorithm, while in age estimation, the highest accuracy rate was found as 0.84 between 25-30 and 31-36 age groups with random forest algorithm, as 0.74 between 25-30 and 37-49 age groups with random forest and ADA Boost Classifier algorithms and as 0.85 between 25-30 and 50-54 age groups with random forest algorithm.ConclusionsOur study differs from other studies in two aspects; the first is the selection of a sensitive method such as cone beam computed tomography, and the second is the selection of machine learning algorithms. As a result of our study, the highest accuracy rate was found as 0.81 in sex estimation and as 0.85 in age estimation with parameters of maxillary canine and molar teeth.Öğe Sex estimation based on frontal sinus computed tomography images using machine learning and artificial neural networks(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Kaya, Seren; Harmandaoglu, Oguzhan; Ozturk, Oguzhan; Secgin, Yusuf; Senol, Deniz; Onbas, OmerDue to its anatomical uniqueness, the frontal sinus (FS) shows significant inter-individual differences by ancestry, age, and sex, making it useful for preliminary identification processes. This study aims to estimate sex using machine learning (ML) algorithms and artificial neural networks (ANN) applied to morphometric data from FS computed tomography (CT) images. This retrospective study analysed CT scans of 338 females and 338 males aged 18-65. FS measurements comprised sinus floor anteroposterior length, volume, area, height, depth, width, and anterior wall thickness (AWT). Sex estimation was performed using several ML algorithms, including Linear Discriminant Analysis, Quadratic Discriminant Analysis, Logistic Regression, Extra Trees Classifier, Decision Tree, Random Forest, k-Nearest Neighbours, and Gaussian Naive Bayes. Additionally, a multilayer perceptron classifier, representing ANN models, was utilized. The highest classification accuracy (94%) was achieved by the Logistic Regression model. According to the SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis, the two most influential parameters were identified as the right and left AWT, respectively. This study, with a comparatively large sample size, found that all morphometric FS parameters - especially AWT - hold significant potential in forensic identification. ML- and ANN-based models showed high classification accuracy, surpassing previous studies. These findings may guide future research involving diverse populations and regions.Öğe Sex estimation with parameters of the facial canal by computed tomography using machine learning algorithms and artificial neural networks(Bmc, 2025) Secgin, Yusuf; Kaya, Seren; Harmandaoglu, Oguzhan; Ozturk, Oguzhan; Senol, Deniz; Onbas, Omer; Yilmaz, NihatBackgroundThe skull is highly durable and plays a significant role in sex determination as one of the most dimorphic bones. The facial canal (FC), a clinically significant canal within the temporal bone, houses the facial nerve. This study aims to estimate sex using morphometric measurements from the FC through machine learning (ML) and artificial neural networks (ANNs).Materials and methodsThe study utilized Computed Tomography (CT) images of 200 individuals (100 females, 100 males) aged 19-65 years. These images were retrospectively retrieved from the Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) at D & uuml;zce University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, covering 2021-2024. Bilateral measurements of nine temporal bone parameters were performed in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. ML algorithms including Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Decision Tree (DT), Extra Tree Classifier (ETC), Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GaussianNB), and k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) were used, alongside a multilayer perceptron classifier (MLPC) from ANN algorithms.ResultsExcept for QDA (Acc 0.93), all algorithms achieved an accuracy rate of 0.97. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis revealed the five most impactful parameters: right SGAs, left SGAs, right TSWs, left TSWs and, the inner mouth width of the left FN, respectively.ConclusionsFN-centered morphometric measurements show high accuracy in sex determination and may aid in understanding FN positioning across sexes and populations. These findings may support rapid and reliable sex estimation in forensic investigations-especially in cases with fragmented craniofacial remains-and provide auxiliary diagnostic data for preoperative planning in otologic and skull base surgeries. They are thus relevant for surgeons, anthropologists, and forensic experts.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.
