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    From capture to culture: the asymmetric impact of education on Türkiye's fisheries sector
    (Springer, 2025) Canbay, Serif; Sengul, Serkan; Karahan-Dursun, Pinar
    The aim of this study is to analyze the causal effect of the net schooling rate, as a proxy for human capital, on saltwater fisheries and aquaculture in five coastal regions of T & uuml;rkiye (Marmara, Aegean, Mediterranean, Western Black Sea, and Eastern Black Sea). In the empirical analysis, we use the panel data for the period 2009-2022 and employ the dependent variables that are the amount of fish production obtained through fishing in Model 1 and the amount of fish produced through aquaculture in Model 2. The study applies the panel bootstrap Granger causality method, considering both structural heterogeneities and cross-sectional dependencies. The results show that the effect of educational attainment on fish production activities varies both by type of production and by regional conditions. In the Mediterranean and Aegean regions, educational attainment has strong effects on both fishing and aquaculture, while in some regions, it has a negative effect on production. The study contributes to the literature by presenting the effects of education, a socio-economic variable, at the sectoral level in detail; it also provides an empirical basis for the development of region-specific sustainability policies.
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    International integration and agricultural productivity in Kazakhstan: a Fourier ARDL approach
    (Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2025) Sengul, Serkan; Yildiz, Hakan; Canbay, Serif
    PurposeThis study investigates the effects of Kazakhstan's membership in international economic organizations such as the Organization of Turkic States (OTS), Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) on agricultural total factor productivity (AGTFP) during the period 1992-2022. It aims to understand how institutional integration, trade openness and environmental factors influence agricultural productivity in a transitioning economy.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis employs the fractional frequency Fourier ARDL (FFF-ARDL) method, which allows for modeling potential unknown nonlinear structural breaks. Annual data on AGTFP, agricultural GDP, foreign trade ratio and agricultural carbon emissions are analyzed. Dummy variables are used to capture Kazakhstan's membership in each international organization and comparative models are estimated.FindingsThe results reveal that EAEU membership has a positive and significant impact on AGTFP, while OTS membership shows a negative effect and SCO membership has no significant effect. Agricultural carbon emissions positively influence productivity in the long run but have a short-run limiting effect. Foreign trade openness limits long-run productivity, reflecting structural dependencies.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited to Kazakhstan and focuses on sector-level productivity; cross-country comparisons could provide further insights.Originality/valueThis study offers a novel empirical investigation into the long-term effects of international institutional integration on agricultural productivity using advanced econometric modeling. By isolating the impacts of multiple international organizations, it contributes to the understanding of how trade and institutional dynamics shape agricultural performance in developing economies.
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    Logistics connectivity, foreign investments and trade relationships in ASEAN countries
    (Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2026) Canbay, Serif; Karahan-Dursun, Pinar; Sengul, Serkan
    PurposeThis study examines the causal relationships among the export volume index, the liner shipping connectivity index (LSCI) and foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows as % of GDP) for the five founding members of ASEAN-Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand-during the 2006-2021 period.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis applies the panel bootstrap causality test developed by K & oacute;nya (2006), which allows for country-specific inferences without requiring cross-sectional independence or parameter homogeneity. Three models are estimated to identify the direction and nature of causal linkages among the variables.FindingsThe results show evidence of Granger causality from LSCI and FDI to exports in the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand, with positive estimated coefficients indicating that stronger maritime connectivity and investment inflows are associated with higher export performance. Causality also runs from exports to LSCI in Indonesia and the Philippines, suggesting that trade expansion stimulates infrastructure improvements. While FDI negatively affects LSCI in Indonesia, a positive coefficient is observed for the Philippines. In addition, LSCI Granger-causes FDI in the Philippines and Singapore, reflecting the role of maritime connectivity in attracting investment. These results highlight substantial cross-country heterogeneity in trade, logistics and investment dynamics.Research limitations/implicationsThe analysis is limited to five ASEAN founding members and to the 2006-2021 period due to the availability of the LSCI data. Future research may extend the analysis to other ASEAN economies or incorporate additional macroeconomic factors.Practical implicationsThe findings provide valuable insights for policymakers seeking to enhance maritime infrastructure, attract FDI and strengthen regional trade integration through improved logistic connectivity.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by simultaneously examining the bidirectional and country-specific causal linkages among maritime connectivity, trade and investment using a robust panel bootstrap approach, offering new empirical evidence on the structural heterogeneity of ASEAN economies.