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    Polytraps in European rural mountainous regions: an expert view
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Sarkki, Simo; Lynn, Theo; Hiedanpaa, Juha; Vizzarri, Matteo; Christoforidi, Irene; Brnkalakova, Stanislava; Crisan, Vlad
    Many territorial and development policies in the European Union recognize that rural mountainous regions suffer from enduring natural and demographic disadvantages. These regions frequently face undesirable, persistent and self-reinforcing challenges, often conceptualized as traps. Through engagement with a panel of experts on mountainous regions, we examined whether the trap concept effectively explains the development challenges in European mountainous areas. We find that the distinguishing feature of these challenges is their multidimensional interrelatedness, which can give rise to multiple, simultaneously occurring traps (e.g. rigidity traps, poverty traps, lock-in traps, and regional development traps). In effect, we find that mountainous regions experience a polytrap - a complex of concurrent traps, maladaptive processes, an absence or severe limitation of bounce-back resilience, and difficulties in achieving bounce-forward resilience, largely due to dependence on external actors and factors. This polytrap concept emphasizes the need for rural policies to acknowledge these multifaceted challenges and both enable and promote place-based approaches for revitalizing left-behind places.
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    Reflective thinking meets artificial intelligence: Synthesizing sustainability transition knowledge in left-behind mountain regions
    (Beijing Normal University Press, 2025) Ficko, Andrej; Sarkki, Simo; Gültekin, Yasar Selman; Egli, Antonia; Hiedanpää, Juha
    We demonstrate a multi-method approach towards discovering and structuring sustainability transition knowledge in marginalized mountain regions. By employing reflective thinking, artificial intelligence (AI)-powered text summarization and text mining, we synthesize experts’ narratives on sustainable development challenges and solutions in Kardüz Upland, Türkiye. We then analyze their alignment with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) using document embedding. Investment in infrastructure, education, and resilient socio-ecological systems emerged as priority sectors to combat poor infrastructure, geographic isolation, climate change, poverty, depopulation, unemployment, low education levels, and inadequate social services. The narratives were closest in substance to SDG 1, 3, and 11. Social dimensions of sustainability were more pronounced than environmental dimensions. The presented approach supports policymakers in organizing loosely structured sustainability transition knowledge and fragmented data corpora, while also advancing AI applications for designing and planning sustainable development policies at the regional level. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.