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    Application of Optimization Response Surface for the Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye onto Zinc-coated Activated Carbon
    (Springer, 2024) Altintig, Esra; Sarici, Birsen; Bozdag, Dilay; Ozcelik, Tijen Over; Karakas, Mehtap; Altundag, Huseyin
    The activated carbon was produced in the first phase of this investigation by chemically activating hazelnut shell waste with H3PO4. Composite materials were obtained by coating the activated carbon with zinc oxide, whose BET surface area was calculated as 1278 m2 g-1. ZnO-doped ZnO/AC composite was synthesized as an adsorbent for its possible application in the elimination of organic dyestuff MB, and its removal efficiency was investigated. Morphological properties of ZnO/AC were characterized using analytical methods such as XRD, SEM, and BET. The adsorption system and its parameters were investigated and modeled using the response surface method of batch adsorption experiments. The experimental design consisted of three levels of pH (3, 6.5, and 10), initial MB concentration (50, 100, and 150 mg L-1), dosage (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 g 100 mL-1), and contact time (5, 50, and 95 min). The results from the RSM suggested that the MB removal efficiency was 98.7% under the optimum conditions of the experimental factors. The R2 value, which expresses the significance of the model, was determined as 99.05%. Adsorption studies showed that the equilibrium data fit well with the Langmuir isotherm model compared to Freundlich. The maximum adsorption capacity was calculated as 270.70 mg g-1.
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    Effect of refining time on the physicochemical and functional properties of palm-sunflower based anhydrous cream produced in a stirred ball mill
    (Elsevier, 2025) Salama, Mohammad; Sarici, Birsen; Cakici, Avni
    This study investigated the effect of refining time on the physicochemical and functional properties of anhydrous cream prepared from a palm-sunflower oil blend using a stirred ball mill. Refining was performed for 0-300 min, and its impact on particle size distribution, rheology, oxidative stability, and thermal behavior was assessed. The target particle fineness (D90 <= 30 mu m) was achieved at approximately 180 min, with negligible reduction thereafter. Refining progressively increased apparent viscosity and decreased the flow behavior index, confirming stronger shear-thinning behavior. Oxidative stability and melting transitions remained stable across treatments, demonstrating that lipid integrity was preserved under controlled processing conditions (45 degrees C). An optimal refining duration of 180-240 min provided the desired fineness and viscosity without excessive energy consumption. These findings define cost-efficient, scalable processing parameters for producing additive-free, trans-fat-free cream systems with reliable rheological, oxidative, and thermal stability, supporting industrial applications in confectionery, spreads, and frozen desserts.
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    Methylene Blue Removal Using Activated Carbon from Olive Pits: Response Surface Approach and Artificial Neural Network
    (Mdpi, 2025) Ozcelik, Tijen Over; Altintig, Esra; Cetinkaya, Mehmet; Ak, Dilay Bozdag; Sarici, Birsen; Ates, Asude
    This study evaluated the efficiency of methylene blue (MB) removal by using activated carbon produced from olive pits. The activated carbon (OPAC) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The adsorption process was optimized in two stages using factorial design. Based on the existing literature, the first stage selected the most influential variables (reaction time, dosage, pH, and dye concentration). Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) approaches have been combined to optimize and model the adsorption of MB. To assess the optimal conditions for MB adsorption, RSM was initially applied using four controllable operating parameters. Throughout the optimization process, various independent variables were employed, including initial dye concentrations ranging from 25 to 125 mg/L, adsorbent dosages ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 g/L, pH values spanning from 1 to 9, and contact times ranging from 15 to 75 min. Moreover, the R2 value (R2 = 0.9804) indicates that regression can effectively forecast the response of the adsorption process within the examined range. Thermodynamic studies were performed for three different temperatures between 293 and 303 K. Isothermal analysis parameters and negative Gibbs free energy indicate that the process is spontaneous and favorable. The data best fit the Langmuir model. This research showcases the effectiveness of optimizing and predicting the color removal process through the combined RSM-ANN approach. It highlights the effectiveness of adsorption using OPAC as a viable primary treatment method for the removal of color from wastewater-containing dyes.