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    Determination of some phenolics and fatty acid compounds from an endemic Cephalaria species in Anatolia along with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity
    (Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2023) Ergene, Burcin; Karaaslan, Melek; Ozler, Kamuran Ileri; Sarialtin, Sezen Yilmaz; Aksoy, Necmi; Iscan, Gulcin Saltan
    In this study, HPLC analyses of total extract prepared with aqueous methanol, butanol fraction, and water fraction of Cephalaria duzceensis N.Aksoy & Gokturk (Caprifoliaceae), which is a local endemic species in Turkey, were conducted and contents of chlorogenic acid were calculated. The total antioxidant capacity, ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the total extract were determined to evaluate its antioxidant activity. Assessment of anti-inflammatory activity was done using human red blood cell membrane stabilization and protein denaturation inhibition activity tests In vitro, whereas carrageenan-induced hind paw edema test In vivo. Moreover, the fatty acid composition inside the fixed oil extracted from C. duzceensis seeds was determined by GC -MS. As the result of GC -MS analysis, linoleic and oleic acids were found to be the predominant fatty acids in the fixed oil. The total phenolic contents of the total extract and butanol fraction were determined as 63.4029 and 95.0131 mg GAE/g dry extract, respectively. The chlorogenic acid amounts of the total extract, butanol, and water fractions were calculated as 3.7494%, 3.5335%, and 1.2354% by HPLC analysis. IC50 values of the total extract were calculated as 45.1385 mu g/ml against ABTS center dot+ and 28.6407 mu g/ml against DPPH center dot radicals and the total antioxidant capacity was 45.84 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g dry extract. IC50 values of the total extract were calculated as 1.4084 mg/ml for human red blood cell membrane stabilization and 1.8601 mg/ml for protein denaturation inhibition method showing its moderate activity. In vivo tests revealed that total extract caused almost as much inhibition on edema as 10 mg/kg diclofenac sodium.