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    Expression and cellular distribution of multidrug resistance-related proteins in patients with focal cortical dysplasia
    (W B Saunders Co Ltd, 2007) Ak, Halil; Ay, Bahadır; Tanrıverdi, Taner; Sanus, Galip Zihni; İş, Merih; Sar, Mehmet; Uzan, Mustafa
    Recent arouse of interest indicated that drug resistant proteins are markedly over-expressed in the epileptogenic tissue and they may be responsible for the one-third of the epileptic patients who were refractory to anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). Since several AEDs may act as substrates for these drug resistant proteins, the enhanced function of such proteins may increase drug extrusion, resulting in inadequate response to drug therapy in patients with epilepsy. We studied expression of the muttidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) and muttidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) in the epileptic tissues resected surgically in 28 patients with focal cortical dyspLasia (FCD) by immunohistochemistry. The results were compared with 10 normal necropsy brain tissues. Normal brain showed no MDR1 expression in neurons and astrocytes, while MRP1 expression was very weak, which were encountered in a few samples. MDR1 expression was mainly localized on the vascular endothelial cells. In contrast to normal brain, we found intense MDR1 and MRP1 expression in both neurons and reactive astrocytes in the vast majority of dysplastic tissues. The majority of the dysplastic neurons demonstrated moderate to strong MRP1 immunoreactivity. Endothelial cells showed both MDR1 and MRP1 expression in the majority of the specimens studied. Muttidrug transporters are over-expressed in the epiteptogenic zone in patients with FCD. These results are concordant with previous studies, in which over-expression of multidrug proteins were shown in epiteptogenic brain tissue in patients with FCD, that the over-expression of drug transport proteins in tissue from patients with refractory epilepsy may explain one possible mechanism for drug resistant in these pathologies. (c) 2007 British Epilepsy Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Maxillary sinus nonodontogenic myxoma extending into the sphenoid sinus and pterygopalatine fossa: Case report
    (2011) Yılmaz, Süleyman; Edizer, Deniz Tuna; Yağız, Cengiz; Sar, Mehmet; Cansız, Harun
    Myxomas are benign mesenchymal tumors of uncertain etiology. They can arise from odontogenic tissue, as well as from the sinonasal tract and from the facial and temporal bones, apparently from nonodontogenic mesenchyme. Although histologically benign, myxomas are locally invasive. Histopathology demonstrates a characteristically hypocellular lesion with loose stellate cells. We describe the case of a 48-year-old woman with a nonodontogenic maxillary sinus myxoma that invaded the sphenoid sinus and pterygopalatine fossa. We removed the mass via a combined endoscopic and gingivobuccal approach. The rarity of a nonodontogenic sinonasal myxoma extending into the sphenoid sinus and pterygopalatine fossa is the basis for our presentation of this case. © 2011, Vendome Group, LLC.