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    Engineering properties of hybrid polymer composites produced with different unsaturated polyesters and hybrid epoxy
    (Elsevier, 2024) Gokce, Neslihan; Eren, Sevki; Nodehi, Mehrab; Ramazanoglu, Dogu; Subasi, Serkan; Gencel, Osman; Ozbakkaloglu, Togay
    In this study, the mechanical properties of hybrid polymer composites produced with different unsaturated polyesters and hybrid epoxy resins are investigated. The composites were produced by blending unsaturated polyester resins (i.e., orthophthalic, isophthalic, and terephthalic) and bisphenol-A-based epoxy-vinyl ester resin to produce single, binary and ternary blends. In doing this, a total of 14 different combinations were produced. The results show that the binary and ternary polymer blends tend to improve almost all the tested properties of the polymer composites. Further, the fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results confirmed that the reason for enahcned properties is due to better crosslinking and longer chains of polymers produced in binary and ternary mixtures. The absence of peaks determining the styrene polymerization character for all mixtures also demonstrates that the polymerization reaction takes place in all mixtures. It is also believed that the binary and ternary resin mixtures have developed higher energy absorption compared to single resin composites. All of the mentioned has been achieved while the gelation temperatures of the hybrid resin mixtures were not changed significantly and they began gelation at the expected temperature values. In addition to the gelation, peak exotherm temperatures, and barcol hardness values demonstrated that all mixtures achieved sufficient curing. The result of this study is significant and point to the great potential of producing high performance polymer composites through the use of binary or ternary resin mixtures.
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    Treatment of Fagus orientalis Surface by ZnO/TiO2/FAS-17- Based Nanoparticles
    (Kastamonu Univ, 2023) Ramazanoglu, Dogu; Ozdemir, Ferhat
    Aim of study: In this research, the surface ofFagus orientalis (beechwood) was chosen as a substrate due to its widely used strong biostructure in the wood industry. It was functionalized with ZnO, TiO2, and FAS-17 nanoparticles to enhance its service life.Material and methods: FAS-17 (Trimethoxysilane) and ammonium hexafluorotitanate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, and zinc borate from Etimine S.A. Methanol, ethyl alcohol, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, and zinc oxide were provided by TEKKIM. Characterization methods included FTIR, TG/DTA, XRD, SEM, and EDX. Hydrophobicity was determined by water contact angle using KSV Cam101. UV-Vis analysis used a Shimadzu UV-160 spectrophotometer, surface roughness was measured with a Marsurf M 300 device (ISO 4287), and color analysis was performed with a Datacolor Elrepho 450 X spectrometer (ASTM 2021).Main results: The thermal stability of wood was significantly improved through the hydrothermal deposition of ZnO/TiO2 nanoparticles. Additionally, hydrophobization was achieved using Triethoxy-1H,1H,1H,2H,2H,2H-perfluorodecylsilane (C14H19F13O3Si), referred to as FAS-17.Research highlights: The study demonstrated that the introduction of ZnO/TiO2 nanoparticles improved the thermal stability of wood. Furthermore, the use of FAS-17 resulted in effective hydrophobization. The thermal stability of wood was improved with ZnO/TiO2 nanoparticles. In addition, hydrophobization was supplied by FAS-17.